Structures of human steroidogenic cytochrome P450 17A1 with substrates.

Article Details

Citation

Copy to clipboard

Petrunak EM, DeVore NM, Porubsky PR, Scott EE

Structures of human steroidogenic cytochrome P450 17A1 with substrates.

J Biol Chem. 2014 Nov 21;289(47):32952-64. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.610998. Epub 2014 Oct 9.

PubMed ID

25301938 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

The human cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) enzyme operates at a key juncture of human steroidogenesis, controlling the levels of mineralocorticoids influencing blood pressure, glucocorticoids involved in immune and stress responses, and androgens and estrogens involved in development and homeostasis of reproductive tissues. Understanding CYP17A1 multifunctional biochemistry is thus integral to treating prostate and breast cancer, subfertility, blood pressure, and other diseases. CYP17A1 structures with all four physiologically relevant steroid substrates suggest answers to four fundamental aspects of CYP17A1 function. First, all substrates bind in a similar overall orientation, rising approximately 60 degrees with respect to the heme. Second, both hydroxylase substrates pregnenolone and progesterone hydrogen bond to Asn(202) in orientations consistent with production of 17alpha-hydroxy major metabolites, but functional and structural evidence for an A105L mutation suggests that a minor conformation may yield the minor 16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone metabolite. Third, substrate specificity of the subsequent 17,20-lyase reaction may be explained by variation in substrate height above the heme. Although 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is only observed farther from the catalytic iron, 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone is also observed closer to the heme. In conjunction with spectroscopic evidence, this suggests that only 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone approaches and interacts with the proximal oxygen of the catalytic iron-peroxy intermediate, yielding efficient production of dehydroepiandrosterone as the key intermediate in human testosterone and estrogen synthesis. Fourth, differential positioning of 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone offers a mechanism whereby allosteric binding of cytochrome b5 might selectively enhance the lyase reaction. In aggregate, these structures provide a structural basis for understanding multiple key reactions at the heart of human steroidogenesis.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Enzymes

Drug	Enzyme	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Progesterone	Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Inhibitor	Details