Follitropin
Identification
- Summary
Follitropin is a form of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone used to stimulate follicle development in women with primary ovarian hypogonadism and in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
- Brand Names
- Bemfola, Follistim, Gonal F, Gonal-F, Menopur, Ovaleap, Pergoveris, Puregon
- Generic Name
- Follitropin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00066
- Background
Follitropin is a human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation of recombinant DNA origin, which consists of two non-covalently linked, non-identical glycoproteins designated as the alpha- and beta- subunits. The alpha- and beta- subunits have 92 and 111 amino acids. The alpha subunit is glycosylated at Asn 51 and Asn 78 while the beta subunit is glycosylated at Asn 7 and Asn 24. Follitropin beta is produced in genetically engineered Chinese hamster cell lines (CHO). The nomenclature “beta” differentiates it from another recombinant human FSH product that was marketed earlier as follitropin alpha. Follitropin is important in the development of follicles produced by the ovaries. Given by subcutaneous injection, it is used in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to assist in ovulation and fertility. Follitropin may also be used to cause the ovary to produce several follicles, which can then be harvested for use in gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Numerous physio-chemical tests and bioassays indicate that follitropin beta and follitropin alpha are indistinguishable. However, a more recent study showed there is may be a slight clinical difference, with the alpha form tending towards a higher pregnancy rate and the beta form tending towards a lower pregnancy rate, but with significantly higher estradiol (E2) levels. Structural analysis shows that the amino acid sequence of follitropin beta is identical to that of natural human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Further, the ogliosaccharide side chains are very similar, but not completely identical to that of natural FSH. However, these small differences do not affect the bioactivity compared to natural FSH.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Hormones - Protein Structure
- Protein Chemical Formula
- C975H1513N267O304S26
- Protein Average Weight
- 22672.9 Da
- Sequences
>Alpha chain APDVQDCPECTLQENPFFSQPGAPILQCMGCCFSRAYPTPLRSKKTMLVQKNVTSESTCC VAKSYNRVTVMGGFKVENHTACHCSTCYYHKS
>Beta chain NSCELTNITIAIEKEECRFCISINTTWCAGYCYTRDLVYKDPARPKIQKTCTFKELVYET VRVPGCAHHADSLYTYPVATQCHCGKCDSDSTDCTVRGLGPSYCSFGEMKE
Download FASTA Format- Synonyms
- Folitropina alfa
- Folitropina beta
- Folitropina delta
- Follicle stimulating hormone
- Follitrophin alfa
- Follitrophin alpha
- Follitrophin beta
- Follitropin alfa
- Follitropin alfa/beta
- Follitropin alpha
- Follitropin beta
- Follitropin delta
- Follitropin gamma
- Follotropin recombinant
- FSH
- FSH alpha
- FSH-a
- FSH-b
- FSH-beta
- Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone beta
- Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-HFSH)
- rFSH-alpha
Pharmacology
- Indication
In women having been diagnosed with primary ovarian failure, it is used in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to assist in ovulation and fertility. In men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, it is used to induce spermatogenesis. Follitropin may also be used to cause the ovary to produce several follicles, which can then be harvested for use in gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) or in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Used for the treatment of female infertility, Follitropin beta or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates ovarian follicular growth in women who do not have primary ovarian failure. FSH, the active component of Follitropin beta is the primary hormone responsible for follicular recruitment and development.
- Mechanism of action
Follitropin is a recombinant form of endogenous follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH binds to the follicle stimulating hormone receptor which is a G-coupled transmembrane receptor. Binding of the FSH to its receptor seems to induce phosphorylation and activation of the PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase) and Akt signaling pathway, which is known to regulate many other metabolic and related survival/maturation functions in cells.
Target Actions Organism AFollicle-stimulating hormone receptor agonistHumans - Absorption
The absorption rate is the main driving force behind the pharmokinetics of Follitropin alpha as the rate of absorption was found to be slower than the elimination rate after administration subcutaneously and intramuscularly. The bioavailability is approximately 66-76%. The time to peak after subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers was 8-16 hours in females and 11-20 hours in males.
- Volume of distribution
- 8 L [female subjects following intravenous administration of a 300 IU dose]
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Via liver and kidneys.
- Half-life
Circulation half life of 3-4 hours, elimination half life of 35-40 hours
- Clearance
- 0.01 1*h-1kg-1 [European women with a single intramuscular dose of 300 IU]
- 0.01 1*h-1kg-1 [Japanese women with a single intramuscular dose of 300 IU]
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Headaches, ovarian cysts, nausea and upper respiratory tract infections occurred in more than 10% of women in clinical trials. In men, the most serious adverse events reported were testicular surgery for cryptorchidism which existed prestudy, hemoptysis, an infected pilonidal cyst, and lymphadenopathy associated with an Epstein-Barr viral infection. Other concerns include overstimulation of the ovaries, pulmonary and vascular complications and multiple births. Post-marketing reports revealed hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactoid reactions and asthma. Follitropin is contraindicated in pregnant women. No studies have been done in nursing mothers.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcalabrutinib The therapeutic efficacy of Follitropin can be decreased when used in combination with Acalabrutinib. Acebutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Follitropin. Acetohexamide The therapeutic efficacy of Acetohexamide can be decreased when used in combination with Follitropin. Afatinib The therapeutic efficacy of Follitropin can be decreased when used in combination with Afatinib. Aldesleukin The therapeutic efficacy of Follitropin can be decreased when used in combination with Aldesleukin. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- International/Other Brands
- Cinnal-F
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bemfola Injection, solution 300 IU/0.50ml Subcutaneous Gedeon Richter Plc. 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Bemfola Injection, solution 225 IU/0.375ml Subcutaneous Gedeon Richter Plc. 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Bemfola Injection, solution 75 IU/0.125ml Subcutaneous Gedeon Richter Plc. 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Bemfola Injection, solution 300 IU/0.50ml Subcutaneous Gedeon Richter Plc. 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Bemfola Injection, solution 75 IU/0.125ml Subcutaneous Gedeon Richter Plc. 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Follistim Follitropin (75 [iU]/1mL) + Water (5 mL/5mL) Kit Intramuscular; Subcutaneous Organon USA, Inc. 1997-09-29 2005-01-01 US Humegon Inj 75 I.U. Follitropin (75 unit / kit) + Luteinizing hormone (75 unit / kit) + Sodium chloride (.9 % / kit) Liquid; Powder, for solution Intramuscular Organon Canada Ltd Ltee 1993-12-31 2006-08-17 Canada MENOGON 75 IU LIYOFILIZE TOZ ICEREN AMPUL,5 ADET Follitropin (75 iu) + Luteinizing hormone (75 iu) Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous FERRİNG İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ. 2006-04-11 Not applicable Turkey Menopur Follitropin (75 [iU]/1) + Luteinizing hormone (75 [iU]/1) + Sodium chloride (9 mg/1) Injection Subcutaneous Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2004-10-29 Not applicable US MENOPUR 1200 IU MULTI DOZ ICIN SC ENJEKSIYONLUK COZELTI TOZU ICEREN FLAKON VE KULLANIMA HAZIR ENJEKTORDE COZUCU (1 ADET FLAKON + 2 ADET KULLANIMA HAZIR ENJEKTOR) Follitropin (1200 iu/1ml) + Luteinizing hormone (1200 iu/1ml) Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous FERRİNG İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ. 2015-07-06 Not applicable Turkey
Categories
- ATC Codes
- G03GA06 — Follitropin beta
- G03GA — Gonadotropins
- G03G — GONADOTROPINS AND OTHER OVULATION STIMULANTS
- G03 — SEX HORMONES AND MODULATORS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- G03GA — Gonadotropins
- G03G — GONADOTROPINS AND OTHER OVULATION STIMULANTS
- G03 — SEX HORMONES AND MODULATORS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Gonadotropins
- Gonadotropins and Antigonadotropins
- Gonadotropins, Pituitary
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Peptide Hormones
- Peptides
- Pituitary Hormones
- Pituitary Hormones, Anterior
- Proteins
- Sex Hormones and Modulators of the Genital System
- Thyroid Products
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 2M2GGL7HUP
- CAS number
- 146479-72-3
References
- General References
- Goa KL, Wagstaff AJ: Follitropin alpha in infertility: a review. BioDrugs. 1998 Mar;9(3):235-60. [Article]
- External Links
- UniProt
- P01225
- Genbank
- M16647
- PubChem Substance
- 46508818
- 227518
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1201692
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001028
- PharmGKB
- PA449693
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Follicle-stimulating_hormone
- FDA label
- Download (468 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Diagnostic Endometrial Diseases / Female Infertility 1 4 Completed Health Services Research Female Infertility 1 4 Completed Other Anovulatory cycle / Healthy Subjects (HS) / Hyperandrogenism / Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) 1 4 Completed Prevention Infertility 1 4 Completed Treatment Egg Donation 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Organon usa inc
- Emd serono inc
- Packagers
- EMD Canada Inc.
- Organon Pharmaceuticals
- Vetter Pharma Fertigung GmbH and Co. KG
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Subcutaneous 150 IU/0.25ML Injection, solution Subcutaneous 225 IU/0.375ML Injection, solution Subcutaneous 225 IU/3.75ML Injection, solution Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.50ML Injection, solution Subcutaneous 75 IU/0.125ML Solution Subcutaneous 75 UI Solution Subcutaneous 150 IU Solution Subcutaneous 300 IU Solution Subcutaneous 75 IU Kit Intramuscular; Subcutaneous Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 150 [iU]/0.5mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 75 [iU]/0.5mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 175 [iU]/0.210mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 300 [iU]/0.36mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 350 [iU]/0.42mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 600 [iU]/0.72mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 650 [iU]/0.78mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 900 [iU]/1.08mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 975 [iU]/1.17mL Solution 150 iu/1vial Injection, powder, for solution Powder 75 iu/1vial Solution Subcutaneous 75 UI Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous 37.5 IU Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 1050 IU/1.75ML Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 150 IU Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.5ML Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 37.5 IU Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 450 IU/0.75ML Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 75 IU Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 1050 IU/1.75ml Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 150 IU Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.5ml Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 450 IU/0.75ml Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 75 IU/ML Injection; injection, solution Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.5ml Kit Subcutaneous 1050 [iU]/2mL Kit Subcutaneous 450 [iU]/1mL Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 1200 unit / vial Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 150 unit / vial Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 33 mcg / vial Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 37.5 unit / vial Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 5.5 mcg / vial Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 75 unit / vial Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 77 mcg / vial Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous 1050 iu/1.75ml Injection Subcutaneous 150 iu Injection, solution Subcutaneous 300 iu/0.5ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 22.23 mcg Solution 300 iu/0.5ml Injection Subcutaneous 37.5 iu Injection, solution Subcutaneous 450 iu/0.75ml Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous 450 iu/0.75ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 33.34 mcg Solution 450 iu/0.75ml Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous 75 iu Injection, solution Subcutaneous 66.69 mcg Injection, solution Subcutaneous 900 iu/1.5ml Solution 900 iu/1.5ml Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 75 IU Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 600 iu/ml Solution Subcutaneous 300 unit / 0.5 mL Solution Subcutaneous 450 unit / 0.75 mL Solution Subcutaneous 900 unit / 1.5 mL Kit Subcutaneous 75 [iU]/1mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 300 [iU]/0.5mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 450 [iU]/0.75mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 900 [iU]/1.5mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 150 [iU]/0.25mL Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous Injection, solution Subcutaneous 22 mcg/0.5ml Liquid; powder, for solution Intramuscular Injection Subcutaneous Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous Powder, for solution Intramuscular Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous Kit; powder, for solution Subcutaneous Powder Parenteral; Subcutaneous Solution Subcutaneous Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 150 IU Injection, solution Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.48ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 450 IU/0.72ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 900 IU/1.44ml Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 100 IU/0.5ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 150 IU/0.5ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 200 IU/0.5ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 225 IU/0.5ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 250 IU/0.5ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.36ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 600 IU/0.72ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 75 IU/0.5ML Injection, solution Subcutaneous 150 IU/0.18mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.36mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous 900 IU/1.08ml Solution 833 iu/1ml Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 100 IU/0.5ml Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 100 unit / 0.5 mL Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 150 IU/0.5ml Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 50 IU/0.5ml Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 50 unit / 0.5 mL Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 75 IU/0.5ml Solution Parenteral 150.000 UI Solution Subcutaneous 833 unit / mL Powder, for solution; solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 737 unit / cartridge Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Parenteral 100 IU Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Parenteral 150 IU Solution Parenteral 400 IU Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 300 IU/0.36ml Injection, solution 300 iu/0.36ml Liquid; powder, for solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous Injection, powder, for suspension Parenteral 50 IU Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 600 IU/0.72ml Injection, solution 600 iu/0.72ml Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Parenteral 75 IU Solution Parenteral 75 IU Injection, solution 900 iu/1.08ml Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 900 IU/1.08ml Injection Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 100 iu/0.5ml Injection Subcutaneous 833 IU/ml Injection Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 50 iu/0.5ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 600 IU/0.72ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 833 IU/ml Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 50 IU/0.5ml Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 100 IU Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 50 IU Injection, solution Cutaneous; Parenteral 36 MCG/1.08ML Injection, solution Cutaneous; Parenteral 72 MCG/2.16ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 12 MCG/0.36ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 36 MCG/1.08ML Injection, solution Subcutaneous 12 ?g/0.36ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 36 ?g/1.08ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 72 ?g/2.16ml Solution Subcutaneous 12 mcg / 0.36 mL Solution Subcutaneous 12.000 mcg Solution Subcutaneous 36 mcg / 1.08 mL Solution Subcutaneous 72 mcg / 2.16 mL Injection, solution Subcutaneous Injection, solution Subcutaneous 12.0 mcg Injection, solution Subcutaneous 36.0 mcg Injection, solution Subcutaneous 72.0 mcg Solution Subcutaneous 33.3 mcg Solution 75 IU/0.15ml Injection, solution 150 iu/1ml Injection, solution 75 iu/1ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous Solution 100 iu/0.5ml - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Gonal-f rff 900 unit pen 1409.62USD ml Follistim AQ 900unt/1.08ml Solution 1 Cartridge = 1.17ml 1366.71USD cartridge Follistim AQ 600unt/0.72ml Solution 0.78ml Cartridge 911.14USD cartridge Gonal-f 450 unit Solution Vial 733.0USD vial Gonal-f rff 450 unit pen 704.81USD pen Gonal-f rff 300 unit pen 469.87USD pen Follistim AQ 300unt/0.36ml Solution 0.42ml Cartridge 455.57USD cartridge Follistim aq 300 unit cartridge 438.05USD cartridge Follistim aq 150 unit vial 219.02USD vial Gonal-f rff 75 unit vial 117.47USD vial Follistim aq 75 unit vial 109.51USD vial DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5270057 No 1993-12-14 2011-03-20 US CA2037884 No 2003-10-21 2011-03-08 Canada US7563763 No 2009-07-21 2019-08-23 US US5929028 No 1999-07-27 2018-01-14 US US7446090 No 2008-11-04 2019-08-23 US US7741268 No 2010-06-22 2024-04-02 US
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 55 °C Forastieri, H., Ingham, K.C. J. Biol. Chem. 257:7976-7981 (1982) hydrophobicity -0.330 Not Available isoelectric point 7.50 Not Available
Targets
![](https://go.drugbank.com/assets/locked/DrugTargets2-682eb846d210ae4bf33ca03febccfb57bb1c61318e699b729e5df4dfab2c5b67.png)
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for follicle-stimulating hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Induces cAMP production through the activation of PI3K-AKT and S...
- Gene Name
- FSHR
- Uniprot ID
- P23945
- Uniprot Name
- Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 78264.07 Da
References
- Layman LC: Mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone-beta (FSH beta) and FSH receptor genes in mice and humans. Semin Reprod Med. 2000;18(1):5-10. [Article]
- Leng N, Dattatreyamurty B, Reichert LE Jr: Identification of amino acid residues 300-315 of the rat FSH receptor as a hormone binding domain: evidence for its interaction with specific regions of FSH beta-subunit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):392-9. [Article]
- Santa Coloma TA, Dattatreyamurty B, Reichert LE Jr: A synthetic peptide corresponding to human FSH beta-subunit 33-53 binds to FSH receptor, stimulates basal estradiol biosynthesis, and is a partial antagonist of FSH. Biochemistry. 1990 Feb 6;29(5):1194-200. [Article]
- Dattatreyamurty B, Reichert LE Jr: Identification of regions of the follitropin (FSH) beta-subunit that interact with the N-terminus region (residues 9-30) of the FSH receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1993 May;93(1):39-46. [Article]
- Lindau-Shepard B, Roth KE, Dias JA: Identification of amino acids in the C-terminal region of human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta-subunit involved in binding to human FSH receptor. Endocrinology. 1994 Sep;135(3):1235-40. [Article]
- Goa KL, Wagstaff AJ: Follitropin alpha in infertility: a review. BioDrugs. 1998 Mar;9(3):235-60. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 21, 2024 02:33