Identification
- Summary
Insulin pork is a purified form of porcine insulin used to control hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.
- Brand Names
- Hypurin
- Generic Name
- Insulin pork
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00071
- Background
Insulin isolated from pig pancreas. Composed of alpha and beta chains, processed from pro-insulin. Forms a hexameric structure.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Hormones / Insulins - Protein Structure
- Protein Chemical Formula
- C257H387N65O76S6
- Protein Average Weight
- 5795.6 Da
- Sequences
- Synonyms
- Insulin (pork)
- Insulin porcine
- Insulin purified porcine
- Insulin purified pork
- Insulin, porcine
- Insulin, regular, pork
- Porcine insulin
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of type I and II diabetes mellitus.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Insulin dependent diabetes •••••••••••• ••••••• ••••• •••••••••••••• •••••••• •••••• •••••••• ••••• •••••••• •••••••• ••••••••• • ••••• •• •••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• •• ••••••••••• ••••• ••••••• ••••••••• Management of Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus •••••••••••• •••••• •••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• •• ••••••••••• ••••• •••••••• •••••• •••••••• ••••• •••••••• ••••••• ••••• •••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Insulin is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat.
- Mechanism of action
Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism.
Target Actions Organism AInsulin receptor binderHumans UInsulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Not Available Humans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Insulin is predominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcarbose The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Acarbose is combined with Insulin pork. Acebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin pork can be increased when used in combination with Acebutolol. Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Insulin pork. Acetaminophen The metabolism of Acetaminophen can be increased when combined with Insulin pork. Acetazolamide The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Insulin pork. - Food Interactions
- Avoid excessive or chronic alcohol consumption. Drinking more than two standard drinks per day in women, or more than 3 standard drinks per day in men, can reduce a patient's insulin requirements, and therefore increase the risk of hypoglycemia if the insulin dosing is not adjusted.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Insulin suspension isophane purified pork Not Available Not Available Not applicable Insulin suspension protamine zinc purified pork Not Available Not Available Not applicable Insulin zinc suspension prompt purified pork Not Available Not Available Not applicable Insulin zinc suspension purified pork Not Available Not Available Not applicable - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Hypurin Nph Insulin Isophane Pork Suspension 100 unit/mL Intramuscular; Subcutaneous Wockhardt Uk Ltd 2006-04-01 Not applicable Canada 
Hypurin Regular Insulin Pork Solution 100 unit Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Wockhardt Uk Ltd 2006-04-01 Not applicable Canada Regular Purified Pork Insulin Inj Liquid 100 unit / mL Subcutaneous Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd. 1980-12-31 2006-04-03 Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- A10AC03 — Insulin (pork)
- A10AC — Insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate-acting
- A10A — INSULINS AND ANALOGUES
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A10AB — Insulins and analogues for injection, fast-acting
- A10A — INSULINS AND ANALOGUES
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A10AE — Insulins and analogues for injection, long-acting
- A10A — INSULINS AND ANALOGUES
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Blood Glucose Lowering Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Drugs Used in Diabetes
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Insulin
- Insulin, Short-Acting
- Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting
- Pancreatic Hormones
- Peptide Hormones
- Peptides
- Proteins
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- AVT680JB39
- CAS number
- 12584-58-6
References
- Synthesis Reference
Bruce H. Frank, "Process for producing an insulin precursor." U.S. Patent US4430266, issued November, 1974.
US4430266- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Eli lilly and co
- Novo nordisk inc
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Suspension Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 100 unit/mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 100 unit Liquid Subcutaneous 100 unit / mL - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source water solubility Slightly soluble Not Available hydrophobicity 0.218 Not Available isoelectric point 5.39 Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (...
- Gene Name
- INSR
- Uniprot ID
- P06213
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 156331.465 Da
References
- Chen LM, Yang XW, Tang JG: Acidic residues on the N-terminus of proinsulin C-Peptide are important for the folding of insulin precursor. J Biochem. 2002 Jun;131(6):855-9. [Article]
- Desbuquois B, Chauvet G, Kouach M, Authier F: Cell itinerary and metabolic fate of proinsulin in rat liver: in vivo and in vitro studies. Endocrinology. 2003 Dec;144(12):5308-21. Epub 2003 Sep 11. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein tyrosine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates actions of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Binds IGF1 with high affinity and IGF2 and insulin (INS) with a lower affinity. The activated IGF1R is involv...
- Gene Name
- IGF1R
- Uniprot ID
- P08069
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 154791.73 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Fottner C, Engelhardt D, Weber MM: Regulation of steroidogenesis by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in adult human adrenocortical cells: IGF-I and, more potently, IGF-II preferentially enhance androgen biosynthesis through interaction with the IGF-I receptor and IGF-binding proteins. J Endocrinol. 1998 Sep;158(3):409-17. [Article]
- Zhang Q, Berggren PO, Hansson A, Tally M: Insulin-like growth factor-I-induced DNA synthesis in insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F is associated with phosphorylation of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and the insulin receptor substrate-2. J Endocrinol. 1998 Mar;156(3):573-81. [Article]
- Sowers JR, Jacobs DB, Simpson L, al-Homsi B, Grunberger G, Sokol R: Erythrocyte insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor tyrosine kinase activity in hypertension in pregnancy. Metabolism. 1995 Oct;44(10):1308-13. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Barnett CR, Wilson J, Wolf CR, Flatt PR, Ioannides C: Hyperinsulinaemia causes a preferential increase in hepatic P4501A2 activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Mar 17;43(6):1255-61. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90500-i. [Article]
- Pass GJ, Becker W, Kluge R, Linnartz K, Plum L, Giesen K, Joost HG: Effect of hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes-like hyperglycemia on expression of hepatic cytochrome p450 and glutathione s-transferase isoforms in a New Zealand obese-derived mouse backcross population. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):442-50. doi: 10.1124/jpet.102.033553. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Plays a role in the cellular breakdown of insulin, IAPP, glucagon, bradykinin, kallidin and other peptides, and thereby plays a role in intercellular peptide signaling. Degrades amyloid formed by A...
- Gene Name
- IDE
- Uniprot ID
- P14735
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin-degrading enzyme
- Molecular Weight
- 117967.49 Da
References
- Kobayashi M, Iwasaki M, Watanabe N, Ishibashi O, Takata Y, Haruta T, Sasaoka T, Shigeta Y, Inouye K: Metabolism of a mutant insulin by a receptor-mediated process and an insulin degrading enzyme. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1986 Sep-Oct;2(5):257-62. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(86)80001-8. [Article]
- Harada S, Smith RM, Smith JA, Jarett L: Inhibition of insulin-degrading enzyme increases translocation of insulin to the nucleus in H35 rat hepatoma cells: evidence of a cytosolic pathway. Endocrinology. 1993 Jun;132(6):2293-8. [Article]
- Hsu MC, Bai JP: Investigation into the presence of insulin-degrading enzyme in cultured type II alveolar cells and the effects of enzyme inhibitors on pulmonary bioavailability of insulin in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1998 May;50(5):507-14. [Article]
- MARIGO S, PANELLI G: [Insulinase and its inhibition by hypoglycemic sulfonamides; data on insulin sensitivity during tolbutamide therapy]. Arch Sci Med (Torino). 1958 Jun;105(6):587-609. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55