This drug entry is a stub and has not been fully annotated. It is scheduled to be annotated soon.
Identification
- Summary
Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is a purified form of rabbit anti-thymocyte antibodies used for immunosuppression in patients receiving kidney transplants.
- Generic Name
- Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit)
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00098
- Background
Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin. Thymoglobulin is a polyclonal antibody that suppresses certain types of immune cells responsible for acute organ rejection in transplant patients. Thymoglobulin is a mixture of antibodies intended to bind to various cell surface antigens. The most common mode of action of Thymoglobulin is via selective depletion of T-cells.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Polyclonal antibody (pAb) - Protein Structure
- Protein Chemical Formula
- Not Available
- Protein Average Weight
- Not Available
- Sequences
- Not Available
- Synonyms
- Anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin, rabbit
- Anti-T-lymphocyte immune globulin, rabbit
- Anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit)
- Anti-thymocyte globulin rabbit
- Antithymocyte immunoglobulin
- Lapine T-lymphocyte immune globulin
- Rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin
- Rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (rATG)
- Rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin
- Rabbit anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin
- Rabbit antithymocyte globulin
- Rabbit ATG
- rATG
- Thymoglobulin
- Thymoglobuline
Pharmacology
- Indication
For prevention of renal transplant rejection
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Adjunct therapy in prophylaxis of Rejection acute renal •••••••••••• ••••••••• Adjunct therapy in management of Rejection acute renal •••••••••••• ••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Antithymocyte Globulin (ATG) is a concentrated anti-human T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin preparation derived from rabbits after immunization with a T-lympoblast cell line. ATG is an immunosuppressive product for the prevention and treatment of acute rejection following organ transplantation. ATG reduces the host immune response against tissue transplants or organ allografts.
- Mechanism of action
Binds to multiple, T-cell specific antigens leading to T-lymphocyte cell death via complement mediated cytotoxicity or apoptosis.
Target Actions Organism AMajor histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein antagonistHumans AIntegrin alpha-L Not Available Humans AT-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 binderHumans ALow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b Not Available Humans AT-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Not Available Humans AIntegrin beta-1 Not Available Humans AIntegrin alpha-V Not Available Humans AIntegrin beta-3 Not Available Humans UT-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a inhibitorHumans - Absorption
T-cell depletion usually observed within 1 day after initiating therapy. Average 21.5 and 87 mcg/mL 4–8 hours post-infusion after first and last IV doses, respectively, when given for 7–11 days.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Most likely removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system when bound to T lymphocytes, or by human antimurine antibody production.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
2-3 days, may increase after multiple doses administration
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Not known whether ATG (rabbit) distributes into human milk; however, other immunoglobulins are distributed into human milk.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbatacept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Abatacept. Abciximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit). Adalimumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit). Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live The risk or severity of infection can be increased when Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live is combined with Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit). Aducanumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Aducanumab. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
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- ATG-Fresenius (Fresenius SE) / ATG-Fresenius S (Fresenius SE)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Thymoglobulin Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 5 mg/1mL Intravenous Genzyme Corporation 1998-12-30 Not applicable US 
Thymoglobulin Powder, for solution 25 mg / vial Intravenous Sanofi Aventis 2003-05-06 Not applicable Canada 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image GRAFALON 5 ML IV INFUZYONLUK COZELTI KONSANTRESI ICEREN FLAKON, 1 ADET Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) (5 ml) Injection, solution Intravenous FRESENIUS MEDİKAL HİZMETLER A.Ş. 2016-03-15 Not applicable Turkey 
Categories
- ATC Codes
- L04AA04 — Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit)
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Antibodies
- Antibody-Surface Protein Interactions
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Biological Products
- Blood
- Blood Proteins
- Body Fluids
- Complex Mixtures
- Fluids and Secretions
- Globulins
- Immune Sera
- Immunoglobulin G
- Immunoglobulins
- Immunologic Factors
- Immunoproteins
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Immunotherapy
- Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction
- Lymphocyte Function Alteration
- Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
- Proteins
- Selective Immunosuppressants
- Serum
- Serum Globulins
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- D7RD81HE4W
- CAS number
- 308067-60-9
References
- General References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: THYMOGLOBULIN (anti-thymocyte globulin [rabbit]) for intravenous use [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 46506920
- 107044
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001300
- PharmGKB
- PA164743704
- Wikipedia
- Anti-thymocyte_globulin
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) / Living Donors 1 4 Completed Prevention Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) 1 4 Completed Prevention Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections / Transplantation Infection 1 4 Completed Prevention Disorder Related to Renal Transplantation 1 4 Completed Prevention End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Genzyme Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous 20 MG/ML Solution Intravenous 20 mg/ml Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Injection, solution Intravenous 5 ml Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 5 mg/1mL Powder, for solution Intravenous 25 mg / vial Powder, for solution Intravenous 5 MG/ML Powder, for solution Parenteral 25 MG/5ML Injection Intravenous 5 mg/mL Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Parenteral Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 25 mg Solution Intravenous 25.000 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 25 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 2500000 mg Powder 5 mg/mL - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Thymoglobulin 25 mg vial 636.48USD vial DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 61 °C (FAB fragment), 71 °C (whole mAb) Vermeer, A.W.P. & Norde, W., Biophys. J. 78:394-404 (2000)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Peptide antigen binding
- Specific Function
- Antigen-presenting molecule specialized in presenting microbial vitamin B metabolites. Involved in the development and expansion of a small population of T-cells expressing an invariant T-cell rece...
- Gene Name
- MR1
- Uniprot ID
- Q95460
- Uniprot Name
- Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein
- Molecular Weight
- 39365.76 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Integrin alpha-L/beta-2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. It is involved in a variety of immune phenomena including leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, cytotoxic T-cell mediated ...
- Gene Name
- ITGAL
- Uniprot ID
- P20701
- Uniprot Name
- Integrin alpha-L
- Molecular Weight
- 128768.495 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production, by binding CD28 or CTLA-4. May play a critical role in the early events of T-cel...
- Gene Name
- CD86
- Uniprot ID
- P42081
- Uniprot Name
- T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86
- Molecular Weight
- 37681.97 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Receptor for the Fc region of complexed or aggregated immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complex...
- Gene Name
- FCGR2B
- Uniprot ID
- P31994
- Uniprot Name
- Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b
- Molecular Weight
- 34043.355 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Accessory protein for MHC class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. May regulate T-cell activation. Induces the aggregation of lipid rafts.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human imm...
- Gene Name
- CD4
- Uniprot ID
- P01730
- Uniprot Name
- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4
- Molecular Weight
- 51110.205 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F...
- Gene Name
- ITGB1
- Uniprot ID
- P05556
- Uniprot Name
- Integrin beta-1
- Molecular Weight
- 88414.575 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- The alpha-V (ITGAV) integrins are receptors for vitronectin, cytotactin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vWF...
- Gene Name
- ITGAV
- Uniprot ID
- P06756
- Uniprot Name
- Integrin alpha-V
- Molecular Weight
- 116036.855 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Wil...
- Gene Name
- ITGB3
- Uniprot ID
- P05106
- Uniprot Name
- Integrin beta-3
- Molecular Weight
- 87056.975 Da
References
- Monti P, Allavena P, Di Carlo V, Piemonti L: Effects of anti-lymphocytes and anti-thymocytes globulin on human dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Feb;3(2):189-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Lipopeptide binding
- Specific Function
- Antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self lipid and glycolipid antigens and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T-cells.
- Gene Name
- CD1A
- Uniprot ID
- P06126
- Uniprot Name
- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a
- Molecular Weight
- 37077.1 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55