Identification
- Summary
Enfuvirtide is an HIV-1 gp41 fusion inhibitor used in patients experiencing HIV-1 replication who are already being treated with other anti-retrovirals.
- Brand Names
- Fuzeon
- Generic Name
- Enfuvirtide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00109
- Background
Enfuvirtide is a 36 amino acid biomimetic peptide that is structurally similar to the HIV proteins that are responsible for the fusion of the virus to cell membranes and subsequent intracellular uptake. The first agent in the novel class of antiretroviral drugs called HIV fusion inhibitors, enfuvirtide works by inhibiting HIV-1 fusion with CD4 cells.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Peptides - Protein Structure
- Protein Chemical Formula
- C204H301N51O64
- Protein Average Weight
- 4491.876 Da
- Sequences
>DB00109 sequence YTSLIHSLIEESQNQQEKNEQELLELDKWASLWNWF
Download FASTA Format- Synonyms
- Enfuvirtida
- Enfuvirtide
- External IDs
- DP-178
- DP178
- T-20
- T20
Pharmacology
- Indication
Enfuvirtide is an antiretroviral drug used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1/AIDS.
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Hiv-1 •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Enfuvirtide binds to the first heptad-repeat (HR1) in the gp41 subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein and prevents the conformational changes required for the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. By disrupting the HIV-1 molecular machinery during its final stage of fusion with the target cell, enfuvirtide limits the spread of further infection. Enfuvirtide is a biomimetic peptide that was rationally designed to mimic components of the HIV-1 fusion machinery and displace them, preventing normal fusion.
Target Actions Organism AEnvelope glycoprotein Not Available Human immunodeficiency virus 1 - Absorption
After a 90 mg single subcutaneous injection of Enfuvirtide into the abdomen in 12 HIV-1 infected subjects, the mean peak concentration is 4.59+/-1.5 ug/ml and the median time to peak concentration was 8 hours (ranged from 3 to12 hours).
- Volume of distribution
- 5.5 ± 1.1 L
- Protein binding
92%
- Metabolism
Expected to undergo catabolism to its constituent amino acids, with subsequent recycling of the amino acids in the body pool.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
3.8 +/- 0.6 hrs
- Clearance
- 24.8 +/- 4.1 mL/h/kg [HIV-1 infected adult and pediatric subjects following a 90-mg single SC dose of enfuvirtide]
- 30.6 +/- 10.6 mL/h/kg [Following 90-mg twice daily dosing of FUZEON SC in combination with other antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected subjects]
- 40 +/- 17 mL/h/kg [pediatric patients in the presence of concomitant medications including antiretroviral agents receiving the 2 mg/kg twice daily dose]
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAdenovirus type 7 vaccine live The therapeutic efficacy of Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide. Anthrax vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of Anthrax vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide. Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain connaught live antigen The therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain connaught live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide. Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain russian BCG-I live antigen The therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain russian BCG-I live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide. Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain tice live antigen The therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain tice live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Fuzeon Powder, for solution 108 mg / vial Subcutaneous Hoffmann La Roche 2003-08-18 Not applicable Canada 
Fuzeon Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit 90 mg/1mL Subcutaneous Genentech, Inc. 2012-04-10 Not applicable US 
Fuzeon Injection, powder, for solution 90 mg/ml Subcutaneous Roche Registration Gmb H 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Fuzeon Enfuvirtide + Water Kit Subcutaneous Roche Laboratories Inc. 2006-05-16 2006-08-29 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- J05AX07 — Enfuvirtide
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Anti-HIV Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Anti-Retroviral Agents
- Antigens
- Antigens, Viral
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Antiviral Agents
- Antivirals for Systemic Use
- Biological Factors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Direct Acting Antivirals
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Fusion Protein Inhibitors
- Gene Products, env
- HIV Antigens
- HIV Envelope Protein gp41
- HIV Fusion Inhibitors
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Fusion Inhibitor
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
- Membrane Fusion Proteins
- Membrane Proteins
- Peptide Fragments
- Peptides
- Polyproteins
- Proteins
- Retroviridae Proteins
- Viral Envelope Proteins
- Viral Fusion Protein Inhibitors
- Viral Fusion Proteins
- Viral Proteins
- Viral Structural Proteins
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 19OWO1T3ZE
- CAS number
- 159519-65-0
References
- Synthesis Reference
Ananda Kuppanna, Reddy Maria Bhaskar Reddy Komma, Debashish Datta. An improved process for the preparation of enfuvirtide. WO2011095989A2 (Issued Aug 11, 2011).
- General References
- Greenberg ML, Cammack N: Resistance to enfuvirtide, the first HIV fusion inhibitor. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 Aug;54(2):333-40. Epub 2004 Jul 1. [Article]
- External Links
- UniProt
- Q70626
- Genbank
- U12055
- PubChem Substance
- 46506067
- ChemSpider
- 16743716
- BindingDB
- 50271301
- 139896
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL525076
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000157
- PharmGKB
- PA164744517
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Enfuvirtide
- FDA label
- Download (153 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome 1 4 Completed Treatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 8 4 Terminated Treatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 2 4 Withdrawn Treatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Hoffmann la roche inc
- Packagers
- F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.
- F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
- Gilead Sciences Inc.
- Pharmacia Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 90 MG/ML Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 90 mg/ml Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit Subcutaneous 90 mg/1mL Kit Subcutaneous Powder, for solution Subcutaneous 108 mg / vial Solution Subcutaneous 90.000 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous 90 mg Solution Subcutaneous 108.00 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Fuzeon convenience kit 3062.23USD kit DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6475491 No 2002-11-05 2015-06-07 US US5464933 No 1995-11-07 2013-06-07 US CA2224008 No 2009-08-18 2016-06-06 Canada
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source hydrophobicity -0.875 Not Available isoelectric point 4.30 Not Available
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human immunodeficiency virus 1
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- gp41
- Uniprot ID
- Q53I07
- Uniprot Name
- Envelope glycoprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 16767.98 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Cabrera C, Marfil S, Garcia E, Martinez-Picado J, Bonjoch A, Bofill M, Moreno S, Ribera E, Domingo P, Clotet B, Ruiz L: Genetic evolution of gp41 reveals a highly exclusive relationship between codons 36, 38 and 43 in gp41 under long-term enfuvirtide-containing salvage regimen. AIDS. 2006 Oct 24;20(16):2075-80. [Article]
- Mink M, Mosier SM, Janumpalli S, Davison D, Jin L, Melby T, Sista P, Erickson J, Lambert D, Stanfield-Oakley SA, Salgo M, Cammack N, Matthews T, Greenberg ML: Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 amino acid substitutions selected during enfuvirtide treatment on gp41 binding and antiviral potency of enfuvirtide in vitro. J Virol. 2005 Oct;79(19):12447-54. [Article]
- Aquaro S, D'Arrigo R, Svicher V, Perri GD, Caputo SL, Visco-Comandini U, Santoro M, Bertoli A, Mazzotta F, Bonora S, Tozzi V, Bellagamba R, Zaccarelli M, Narciso P, Antinori A, Perno CF: Specific mutations in HIV-1 gp41 are associated with immunological success in HIV-1-infected patients receiving enfuvirtide treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Oct;58(4):714-22. Epub 2006 Aug 5. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Patel IH, Zhang X, Nieforth K, Salgo M, Buss N: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(2):175-86. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
- Gene Name
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID
- P05181
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Molecular Weight
- 56848.42 Da
References
- Patel IH, Zhang X, Nieforth K, Salgo M, Buss N: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(2):175-86. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54