Bevacizumab

Identification

Summary

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody used in combination with antineoplastic agents for the treatment of many types of cancer.

Brand Names

Avastin, Mvasi

Generic Name

Bevacizumab

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00112

Background

There is a great deal of evidence indicating that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the survival and proliferation of cancer cells.^14,6,8,24 VEGF plays an important role in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumor growth, which are all factors that contribute to its attractiveness as a therapeutic target for anti-cancer therapies.^5,7,6,8,9

In 2004, bevacizumab (Avastin) gained FDA approval for specific types of cancer, and became the first antiangiogenic agent introduced to the market.^23,24 It is a humanized monoclonal IgG antibody, and inhibits angiogenesis by binding and neutralizing VEGF-A.^7,14 Bevacizumab is generally indicated for use in combination with different chemotherapy regimens which are specific to the type, severity, and stage of cancer.²⁵ Bevacizumab was approved by Health Canada on March 24, 2010 and by the European Commission on April 21, 2021.^32,29 There are several biosimilars of bevacizumab, such as bevacizumab-awwb, bevacizumab-maly, bevacizumab-adcd, and bevacizumab-tnjn.

Interestingly, researchers have identified higher VEGF expression in patients with COVID-19, which may contribute to lung pathologies including acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI).²⁶ As such, bevacizumab is being investigated for the treatment of lung complications associated with severe cases of COVID-19.²⁶

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)

Protein Structure

Protein Chemical Formula: C₆₅₃₈H₁₀₀₃₄N₁₇₁₆O₂₀₃₃S₄₄
Protein Average Weight: 149000.0 Da

Sequences

>"Bevacizumab light chain"
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCSASQDISNYLNWYQQKPGKAPKVLIYFTSSLHSGVPS
RFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYSTVPWTFGQGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP
SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT
LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC

>"Bevacizumab heavy chain"
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGYTFTNYGMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVGWINTYTGEPTY
AADFKRRFTFSLDTSKSTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKYPHYYGSSHWYFDVWGQGTLVT
VSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVL
QSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEL
LGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREE
QYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPS
REEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDK
SRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

Anti-VEGF Humanized Monoclonal Antibody
Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody
Bevacizumab
bevacizumab-awwb
rhuMAb-VEGF

External IDs

ABP 215
ABP-215
BI 695502
GB222
LY01008
MIL60
R-435

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Pharmacology

Indication

As a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, bevacizumab is used in several chemotherapy regimens to treat metastatic colorectal cancer; metastatic, unresectable, locally advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer; metastatic renal cell carcinoma; metastatic, persistent, or recurrent cervical cancer; primary peritoneal cancer; epithelial ovarian cancer; fallopian tube cancer; breast cancer; and recurrent glioblastoma.^{25,27,28,29,30,33}

Interestingly, bevacizumab is currently under investigation for the treatment of COVID-19 complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI).²⁶

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Used in combination to treat	Cervical cancer metastatic	Regimen in combination with: Paclitaxel (DB01229), Cisplatin (DB00515)	••••••••••••			•••••••••
Used in combination to treat	Cervical cancer metastatic	Regimen in combination with: Paclitaxel (DB01229), Topotecan (DB01030)	••••••••••••			•••••••••
Used in combination to treat	Metastatic breast cancer	Regimen in combination with: Capecitabine (DB01101)	••••••••••••	•••••	•••••••••• •• •• •••••••••• •• ••••• •••••••••
Used in combination to treat	Metastatic breast cancer	Regimen in combination with: Paclitaxel (DB01229)	••••••••••••	•••••
Used in combination to treat	Metastatic colorectal cancer (crc)		••••••••••••			•••••••••

Associated Therapies

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Bevacizumab binds circulating vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) and blocks it from binding to its associated receptors, effectively blunting downstream signaling.¹⁹ The effects of bevacizumab have been shown to re-establish normal vasculature at the tumor site resulting in increased nutrient and oxygen supply, while also improving the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the target area.^14,18 On the other hand, VEGF signaling is a vital component of several processes including angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, wound healing, coagulation, and renal filtration.^5,7,19 Although blocking VEGF may inhibit metastatic disease progression, it may also result in unintended effects due to the role of VEGF in several other physiologic processes.²⁵

Mechanism of action

Transcription of the VEGF protein is induced by 'hypoxia inducible factor' (HIF) in a hypoxic environment.¹⁴ When circulating VEGF binds to VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) located on endothelial cells, various downstream effects are initiated.^5,14 It should be noted that VEGF also binds to the neuropilin co-receptors (NRP-1 and NRP-1), leading to enhanced signaling.^14,17

Cancer cells promote tumor angiogenesis by releasing VEGF, resulting in the creation of an immature and disorganized vascular network.^9,10 The hypoxic microenvironment promoted by cancer cells favors the survival of more aggressive tumor cells, and gives rise to a challenging environment for immune cells to respond appropriately.^10,11,12 As a result, VEGF has become a well-known target for anti-cancer drugs like bevacizumab.⁶ Bevacizumab is a mAb that exerts its effects by binding and inactivating serum VEGF.¹⁴ When bound to the mAb, VEGF is unable to interact with its cell surface receptors, and proangiogenic signalling is inhibited.¹⁴ This prevents formation of new blood vessels, decreases tumor vasculature, and reduces tumor blood supply.^14,25

There is also evidence to suggest that VEGF is upregulated in COVID-19 patients, hence, bevacizumab is being investigated for the treatment of associated complications.²⁶ Higher levels of VEGF may contribute to pulmonary edema, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI).²⁶ Researchers are hopeful that by inhibiting VEGF, bevacizumab may effectively treat ARDS and ALI - both common features of severe COVID-19 cases.²⁶

Target	Actions	Organism
AVascular endothelial growth factor A	Not Available	Humans
UComplement C1q subcomponent subunit A	Not Available	Humans
UComplement C1q subcomponent subunit B	Not Available	Humans
UComplement C1q subcomponent subunit C	Not Available	Humans
ULow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A	Not Available	Humans
UHigh affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I	Not Available	Humans
ULow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a	Not Available	Humans
ULow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b	Not Available	Humans
ULow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c	Not Available	Humans

Absorption

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are large in size, do not readily cross cell membranes, and are unable to withstand proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract.^16,21,22 Given these characteristics, mAbs are poorly absorbed via the oral route and are instead administered intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously.^16,22

In a single dose (1mg/kg) pharmacokinetic study assessing the bioequivalence of bevacizumab and TAB008 (a biosimilar product), the pharmacokinetic parameters of Avastin (bevacizumab) were as follows²⁰: Geometric mean Cmax = 17.38 ug/mL Geometric mean AUCinf = 5,358 ugxh/mL Geometric mean Tmax = 2.50 hrs

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution of bevacizumab is approximately 3.29 L and 2.39 L for the average male and female, respectively.¹⁴

Protein binding

>97% of serum VEGF is bound to bevacizumab.¹⁴

Metabolism

There are several pathways through which monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may be cleared.¹⁵ Non-specific clearance of mAbs refers to target independent pinocytosis, and proteolysis of the protein into small amino acids and peptides in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and the liver.^15,16 Target-mediated clearance is a result of specific interactions between the mAb and its target antigen.¹⁵ Once bound, the antibody-antigen complex may be cleared via lysosomal degradation.^15,16 Additionally, the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADA), which are a result of an immunogenic response to mAb-based treatment, can form complexes with mAb’s and may impact the rate of mAb clearance.¹⁵

Route of elimination

Due to their size, monoclonal antibodies are not renally eliminated under normal physiological conditions.¹⁶ Catabolism or excretion are the primary processes of elimination.¹⁶

Half-life

The half-life of bevacizumab is estimated to be 20 days (range of 11-50 days).^25,13

Clearance

The clearance (CL) of bevacizumab is approximately 0.207 L/day.¹⁴ The CL of bevacizumab can increase or decrease by 30% in patients who weigh >114 kg or <49 kg respectively.¹⁴ Males tend to clear bevacizumab at a faster rate than females (26% faster on average).¹⁴ Other factors including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum albumin, and tumor burden may cause the CL to fluctuate.¹⁴

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Bevacizumab toxicities are distinct from the effects of cytotoxic agents used in chemotherapy, and are normally linked to impaired VEGF function.^18,19 Common toxicities associated with bevacizumab include hypertension, gastrointestinal perforation, arterial thromboembolism, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), venous thromboembolism, proteinuria, bleeding/hemorrhage, and wound-healing complications.¹⁸

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Bevacizumab Action Pathway	Drug action

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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Abciximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Bevacizumab.
Acetyldigitoxin	Acetyldigitoxin may decrease the cardiotoxic activities of Bevacizumab.
Adalimumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Bevacizumab.
Aducanumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bevacizumab is combined with Aducanumab.
Alemtuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Bevacizumab.

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Abevmy	Injection, solution, concentrate	25 mg/ml	Intravenous	Mylan Ire Healthcare Limited	2021-10-07	Not applicable
Abevmy	Solution	100 mg / 4 mL	Intravenous	Biosimilar Collaborations Ireland Limited	2022-04-13	Not applicable
Abevmy	Injection, solution, concentrate	25 mg/ml	Intravenous	Mylan Ire Healthcare Limited	2021-10-07	Not applicable
Abevmy	Injection, solution, concentrate	25 mg/ml	Intravenous	Mylan Ire Healthcare Limited	2021-10-07	Not applicable
Abevmy	Solution	400 mg / 16 mL	Intravenous	Biosimilar Collaborations Ireland Limited	2022-04-13	Not applicable

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: 2S9ZZM9Q9V
CAS number: 216974-75-3

References

General References

Velcheti V, Viswanathan A, Govindan R: The proportion of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer potentially eligible for treatment with bevacizumab: a single institutional survey. J Thorac Oncol. 2006 Jun;1(5):501. [Article]
Rosen LS, Jacobs IA, Burkes RL: Bevacizumab in Colorectal Cancer: Current Role in Treatment and the Potential of Biosimilars. Target Oncol. 2017 Oct;12(5):599-610. doi: 10.1007/s11523-017-0518-1. [Article]
Han K, Peyret T, Marchand M, Quartino A, Gosselin NH, Girish S, Allison DE, Jin J: Population pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab in cancer patients with external validation. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2016 Aug;78(2):341-51. doi: 10.1007/s00280-016-3079-6. Epub 2016 Jun 21. [Article]
Apsangikar PD, Chaudhry SR, Naik MM, Deoghare SB, Joseph J: Comparative pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of bevacizumab biosimilar to reference bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Indian J Cancer. 2017 Jul-Sep;54(3):535-538. doi: 10.4103/ijc.IJC_394_17. [Article]
Karaman S, Leppanen VM, Alitalo K: Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in development and disease. Development. 2018 Jul 20;145(14). pii: 145/14/dev151019. doi: 10.1242/dev.151019. [Article]
Verheul HM, Pinedo HM: The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor angiogenesis and early clinical development of VEGF-receptor kinase inhibitors. Clin Breast Cancer. 2000 Sep;1 Suppl 1:S80-4. doi: 10.3816/cbc.2000.s.015. [Article]
Stacker SA, Achen MG: The VEGF signaling pathway in cancer: the road ahead. Chin J Cancer. 2013 Jun;32(6):297-302. doi: 10.5732/cjc.012.10319. Epub 2013 Feb 19. [Article]
Siveen KS, Prabhu K, Krishnankutty R, Kuttikrishnan S, Tsakou M, Alali FQ, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Tumour Vascularization: Potential and Challenges. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2017;15(4):339-351. doi: 10.2174/1570161115666170105124038. [Article]
Lee SH, Jeong D, Han YS, Baek MJ: Pivotal role of vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor angiogenesis. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2015 Jul;89(1):1-8. doi: 10.4174/astr.2015.89.1.1. Epub 2015 Jun 11. [Article]
Viallard C, Larrivee B: Tumor angiogenesis and vascular normalization: alternative therapeutic targets. Angiogenesis. 2017 Nov;20(4):409-426. doi: 10.1007/s10456-017-9562-9. Epub 2017 Jun 28. [Article]
Rodriguez PC, Zea AH, Ochoa AC: Mechanisms of tumor evasion from the immune response. Cancer Chemother Biol Response Modif. 2003;21:351-64. doi: 10.1016/s0921-4410(03)21018-8. [Article]
Petrova V, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Amelio I: The hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Oncogenesis. 2018 Jan 24;7(1):10. doi: 10.1038/s41389-017-0011-9. [Article]
Lu JF, Bruno R, Eppler S, Novotny W, Lum B, Gaudreault J: Clinical pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;62(5):779-86. doi: 10.1007/s00280-007-0664-8. Epub 2008 Jan 19. [Article]
Kazazi-Hyseni F, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH: Bevacizumab. Oncologist. 2010;15(8):819-25. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0317. Epub 2010 Aug 5. [Article]
Ovacik M, Lin K: Tutorial on Monoclonal Antibody Pharmacokinetics and Its Considerations in Early Development. Clin Transl Sci. 2018 Nov;11(6):540-552. doi: 10.1111/cts.12567. Epub 2018 Aug 7. [Article]
Ryman JT, Meibohm B: Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2017 Sep;6(9):576-588. doi: 10.1002/psp4.12224. Epub 2017 Jul 29. [Article]
Herzog B, Pellet-Many C, Britton G, Hartzoulakis B, Zachary IC: VEGF binding to NRP1 is essential for VEGF stimulation of endothelial cell migration, complex formation between NRP1 and VEGFR2, and signaling via FAK Tyr407 phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Aug 1;22(15):2766-76. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E09-12-1061. Epub 2011 Jun 8. [Article]
Randall LM, Monk BJ: Bevacizumab toxicities and their management in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2010 Jun;117(3):497-504. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.02.021. Epub 2010 Apr 2. [Article]
Brandes AA, Bartolotti M, Tosoni A, Poggi R, Franceschi E: Practical management of bevacizumab-related toxicities in glioblastoma. Oncologist. 2015 Feb;20(2):166-75. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0330. Epub 2015 Jan 7. [Article]
Wang J, Qi L, Liu L, Wang Z, Chen G, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu H, Tong Y, Liu C, Lei C, Wang X: A Phase I, Randomized, Single-Dose Study Evaluating the Biosimilarity of TAB008 to Bevacizumab in Healthy Volunteers. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Aug 15;10:905. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00905. eCollection 2019. [Article]
Yang NJ, Hinner MJ: Getting across the cell membrane: an overview for small molecules, peptides, and proteins. Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1266:29-53. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2272-7_3. [Article]
Keizer RJ, Huitema AD, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH: Clinical pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010 Aug;49(8):493-507. doi: 10.2165/11531280-000000000-00000. [Article]
Goodman L: Persistence--luck--Avastin. J Clin Invest. 2004 Apr;113(7):934. doi: 10.1172/JCI21507. [Article]
Al-Husein B, Abdalla M, Trepte M, Deremer DL, Somanath PR: Antiangiogenic therapy for cancer: an update. Pharmacotherapy. 2012 Dec;32(12):1095-111. doi: 10.1002/phar.1147. [Article]
FDA Approved Drug Products: AVASTIN (bevacizumab) injection, for intravenous use [Link]
ClinicalTrials.gov: Bevacizumab in Severe or Critical Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia (BEST-CP) [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: MVASI (bevacizumab-awwb) injection, for intravenous use [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: ALYMSYS (bevacizumab-maly) injection, for intravenous use [Link]
EMA Approved Drug Products: Abevmy (bevacizumab) Intravenous Infusion [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: VEGZELMA (bevacizumab-adcd) injection, for intravenous use [Link]
Health Canada Approved Drug Product: VEGZELMA (bevacizumab) injection, for intravenous use [Link]
Health Canada approves AVASTIN(R) for treatment of most aggressive form of brain cancer [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Avzivi (bevacizumab-tnjn) injection, for intravenous use [Link]

External Links

PubChem Substance: 46504473
RxNav: 253337
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1201583
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000393
PharmGKB: PA130232992
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Bevacizumab

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Abdominal wall neoplasm / Fallopian Tube Neoplasms / Ovarian Neoplasms	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Ovarian Cancer	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) / Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)	1
4	Completed	Health Services Research	Age - Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)	1
4	Completed	Other	Eye Diseases / Premature Births / Retinal Diseases / Retinopathy of Prematurity Both Eyes	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Roche Pharmaceuticals

Packagers

F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
Genentech Inc.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution, concentrate	Intravenous	2500000 mg
Solution	Intravenous	100 mg/4ml
Solution	Intravenous	400 mg/16ml
Injection	Intravenous
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous; Parenteral	100 mg/4ml
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous; Parenteral	400 mg/16ml
Solution	Intravenous	25 mg / mL
Solution	Intravenous	400.000 mg
Solution	Intravenous	25 mg
Injection	Intravenous	25 MG/ML
Solution, concentrate	Intravenous	400 mg
Solution, concentrate	Intravenous	100 mg
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	25 MG/ML
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	25 mg/1ml
Injection, solution	Intravenous	25 mg/mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	100 mg/4mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	400 mg/16mL
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous; Parenteral	25 MG/ML
Solution	Intravenous	100.00 mg
Injection, solution, concentrate		100 mg/4ml
Injection, solution, concentrate		400 mg/16ml
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Solution	Intravenous	25 mg/mL
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	100 mg/4ml
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	400 mg/16ml
Solution	Intravenous	100 mg / 4 mL
Solution	Intravenous	400 mg / 16 mL
Injection	Intravenous	100 mg/4ml
Injection	Intravenous	400 mg/16ml
Solution	Intravenous	100 mg
Solution	Intravenous	400 mg
Solution, concentrate	Intravenous	25 mg
Solution	Intravenous	25 mg/1ml

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Avastin 400 mg/16ml Solution 16ml Vial	2786.78USD	vial
Avastin 100 mg/4ml Solution 4ml Vial	696.7USD	vial
Avastin 100 mg/4 ml vial	167.48USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
CA2286330	No	2008-06-10	2018-04-03
CA2145985	No	2003-09-16	2012-10-28

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	61 °C (FAB fragment), 71 °C (whole mAb)	Vermeer, A.W.P. & Norde, W., Biophys. J. 78:394-404 (2000)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.

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Details1. Vascular endothelial growth factor A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes

General Function: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding
Specific Function: Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of...
Gene Name: VEGFA
Uniprot ID: P15692
Uniprot Name: Vascular endothelial growth factor A
Molecular Weight: 27042.205 Da

References

Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Gerber HP, Ferrara N: Pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of bevacizumab as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic therapy in preclinical studies. Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 1;65(3):671-80. [Article]
Han K, Peyret T, Marchand M, Quartino A, Gosselin NH, Girish S, Allison DE, Jin J: Population pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab in cancer patients with external validation. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2016 Aug;78(2):341-51. doi: 10.1007/s00280-016-3079-6. Epub 2016 Jun 21. [Article]

Details2. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Not Available
Specific Function: C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proe...
Gene Name: C1QA
Uniprot ID: P02745
Uniprot Name: Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A
Molecular Weight: 26016.47 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Details3. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Not Available
Specific Function: C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proe...
Gene Name: C1QB
Uniprot ID: P02746
Uniprot Name: Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B
Molecular Weight: 26721.62 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Details4. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Not Available
Specific Function: C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proe...
Gene Name: C1QC
Uniprot ID: P02747
Uniprot Name: Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C
Molecular Weight: 25773.56 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Details5. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Not Available
Specific Function: Receptor for the Fc region of IgG. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other antibody-dependent responses, such as...
Gene Name: FCGR3A
Uniprot ID: P08637
Uniprot Name: Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A
Molecular Weight: 29088.895 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Details6. High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Receptor signaling protein activity
Specific Function: High affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Gene Name: FCGR1A
Uniprot ID: P12314
Uniprot Name: High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I
Molecular Weight: 42631.525 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Details7. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Not Available
Specific Function: Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. By binding to IgG it initiates cellular responses against pathogens and soluble antigens. Promotes phagocytosis of opsonized ...
Gene Name: FCGR2A
Uniprot ID: P12318
Uniprot Name: Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a
Molecular Weight: 35000.42 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Details8. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Not Available
Specific Function: Receptor for the Fc region of complexed or aggregated immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complex...
Gene Name: FCGR2B
Uniprot ID: P31994
Uniprot Name: Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b
Molecular Weight: 34043.355 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Details9. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Specific Function: Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulat...
Gene Name: FCGR2C
Uniprot ID: P31995
Uniprot Name: Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c
Molecular Weight: 35577.96 Da

References

Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A: Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis. 2004;7(4):335-45. doi: 10.1007/s10456-004-8272-2. Epub 2005 May 9. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 31, 2024 01:10

Bevacizumab

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