Identification
- Generic Name
- N-Acetylglucosamine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00141
- Background
The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
- Structure
Structure for N-Acetylglucosamine (DB00141)
- Weight
- Average: 221.2078
Monoisotopic: 221.089937217 - Chemical Formula
- C8H15NO6
- Synonyms
- 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose
- aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
- D-GlcNAc
- N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
- N-Acetylchitosamine
- External IDs
- NSC-400525
- NSC-524344
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis, by itself or in combination with chondroitin sulfate.
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Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action in relieving arthritic pain and in repair of cartilage is a matter of speculation. Biochemically, glucosamine is involved in glycoprotein metabolism. Glycoproteins, known as proteoglycans, form the ground substance in the extra-cellular matrix of connective tissue. Proteoglycans are polyanionic substances of high-molecular weight and contain many different types of heteropolysaccharide side-chains covalently linked to a polypeptide-chain backbone. These polysaccharides make up to 95% of the proteoglycan structure. In fact, chemically, proteoglycans resemble polysaccharides more than they do proteins. The polysaccharide groups in proteoglycans are called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs include hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparin and heparan sulfate. All of the GAGs contain derivatives of glucosamine or galactosamine. Glucosamine derivatives are found in hyaluronic acid, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate contains derivatives of galactosamine. The glucosamine-containing glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid is vital for the function of articular cartilage. GAG chains are fundamental components of aggrecan found in articular cartilage. Aggrecan confers upon articular cartilage shock-absorbing properties. It does this by providing cartilage with a swelling pressure that is restrained by the tensile forces of collagen fibers. This balance confers upon articular cartilage the deformable resilience vital to its function. In the early stages of degenerative joint disease, aggrecan biosynthesis is increased. However, in later stages, aggrecan synthesis is decreased, leading eventually to the loss of cartilage resiliency and to most of the symptoms that accompany osteoarthritis. During the progression of osteoarthritis, exogenous glucosamine may have a beneficial role. It is known that, in vitro, chondrocytes do synthesize more aggregan when the culture medium is supplemented with glucosamine. N-acetylglucosamine is found to be less effective in these in vitro studies. Glucosamine has also been found to have antioxidant activity and to be beneficial in animal models of experimental arthritis. The counter anion of the glucosamine salt (i.e. chloride or sulfate) is unlikely to play any role in the action or pharmacokinetics of glucosamine. Further, the sulfate in glucosamine sulfate supplements should not be confused with the glucosamine sulfate found in such GAGs as keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate. In the case of the supplement, sulfate is the anion of the salt. In the case of the above GAGs, sulfate is present as an ester. Also, there is no glucosamine sulfate in chondroitin sulfate (source: PDRhealth).
Target Actions Organism UBeta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Not Available Humans UBeta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 Not Available Humans UN-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase Not Available Humans UN-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase Not Available Humans UAlpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activatorHumans UN-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase Not Available Humans - Absorption
Approximately 90% of orally administered glucosamine (salt form) gets absorbed from the small intestine.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
A significant fraction of ingested glucosamine is catabolized by first-pass metabolism in the liver.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Mouse, intravenous LD50 is 4170 mg/kg. Side effects that have been reported are mainly mild gastrointestinal complaints such as heartburn, epigastric distress and diarrhea. No allergic reactions have been reported including sulfa-allergic reactions to glucosamine sulfate.
- Pathways
Pathway Category Amino Sugar Metabolism Metabolic G(M2)-Gangliosidosis: Variant B, Tay-Sachs Disease Disease Sialuria or French Type Sialuria Disease Sialuria or French Type Sialuria Disease Salla Disease/Infantile Sialic Acid Storage Disease Disease Tay-Sachs Disease Disease - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ACTS38 BoswelliaGel N-Acetylglucosamine (0.1 g/100mL) + Centella asiatica (0.01 g/100mL) + Sodium hyaluronate (0.01 g/100mL) + Indian frankincense (1.2 g/100mL) Gel Topical A-Lot Biologics Inc 2022-09-07 Not applicable US 
ACTS38 BoswelliaGel (100ml) N-Acetylglucosamine (0.1 g/100mL) + Centella asiatica (0.01 g/100mL) + Sodium hyaluronate (0.01 g/100mL) + Indian frankincense (1.2 g/100mL) Gel Topical A-Lot Biologics Inc 2022-10-23 Not applicable US Cheon Shim Bo Yun N-Acetylglucosamine (263 mg/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (3 mg/1) + Soy isoflavones (30 mg/1) Capsule Oral Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd 2010-11-08 Not applicable US Ginsamin Beauty N-Acetylglucosamine (200 mg/2000mg) + Ginkgo biloba (150 mg/2000mg) + Ginseng (150 mg/2000mg) + Hyaluronic acid (60 mg/2000mg) Granule Oral Biogrand Co., Ltd 2010-03-07 Not applicable US Goodoh EnergyCream N-Acetylglucosamine (1 g/100mL) + Dimethyl sulfone (1 g/100mL) Cream Topical PowerfulX 2021-05-24 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ACTS38 BoswelliaGel N-Acetylglucosamine (0.1 g/100mL) + Centella asiatica (0.01 g/100mL) + Sodium hyaluronate (0.01 g/100mL) + Indian frankincense (1.2 g/100mL) Gel Topical A-Lot Biologics Inc 2022-09-07 Not applicable US ACTS38 BoswelliaGel (100ml) N-Acetylglucosamine (0.1 g/100mL) + Centella asiatica (0.01 g/100mL) + Sodium hyaluronate (0.01 g/100mL) + Indian frankincense (1.2 g/100mL) Gel Topical A-Lot Biologics Inc 2022-10-23 Not applicable US Cheon Shim Bo Yun N-Acetylglucosamine (263 mg/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (3 mg/1) + Soy isoflavones (30 mg/1) Capsule Oral Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd 2010-11-08 Not applicable US Ginsamin Beauty N-Acetylglucosamine (200 mg/2000mg) + Ginkgo biloba (150 mg/2000mg) + Ginseng (150 mg/2000mg) + Hyaluronic acid (60 mg/2000mg) Granule Oral Biogrand Co., Ltd 2010-03-07 Not applicable US Goodoh EnergyCream N-Acetylglucosamine (1 g/100mL) + Dimethyl sulfone (1 g/100mL) Cream Topical PowerfulX 2021-05-24 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
- Direct Parent
- Hexoses
- Alternative Parents
- Aminosaccharides / Beta-hydroxy aldehydes / Acetamides / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Secondary alcohols / Polyols / Primary alcohols / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic oxides show 1 more
- Substituents
- Acetamide / Alcohol / Aldehyde / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Amino saccharide / Beta-hydroxy aldehyde / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Hexose monosaccharide show 9 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- N-acetylglucosamine (CHEBI:17411)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- V956696549
- CAS number
- 7512-17-6
- InChI Key
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-4(12)9-5(2-10)7(14)8(15)6(13)3-11/h2,5-8,11,13-15H,3H2,1H3,(H,9,12)/t5-,6+,7+,8+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- N-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl]acetamide
- SMILES
- [H]C(=O)[C@H](NC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO
References
- Synthesis Reference
Naoko Yamano, Shizu Fujishima, Ryutarou Tanaka, "N-acetyl-D-glucosamine deacetylase and a process for preparing the same." U.S. Patent USH00014532, issued October, 1993.
USH00014532- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0062641
- KEGG Compound
- C00140
- PubChem Compound
- 1738118
- PubChem Substance
- 46509139
- ChemSpider
- 1376695
- BindingDB
- 50223349
- 1362871
- ChEBI
- 17411
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL4303483
- ZINC
- ZINC000002077807
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000872
- PharmGKB
- PA164752287
- PDBe Ligand
- NAG
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- N-Acetylglucosamine
- MSDS
- Download (73.5 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 3 Unknown Status Treatment Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) 1 2, 3 Unknown Status Treatment Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) 1 1 Terminated Treatment PGM3 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Gallipot
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Gel Topical Capsule Oral Granule Oral Cream Topical - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Acetyl-d-glucosamine powder 3.75USD g DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 205 °C Not Available logP -2.1 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 148.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -2.1 ALOGPS logP -3.9 Chemaxon logS -0.18 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 12.09 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -1.8 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 5 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 127.09 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 6 Chemaxon Refractivity 48.45 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 20.49 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.7511 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.7394 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8423 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.7321 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8669 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8873 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.971 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7733 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8286 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6654 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9215 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9064 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9409 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.944 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9473 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9766 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7108 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9044 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.9048 Rat acute toxicity 1.5975 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.995 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9616
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 156.1280534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 151.0250534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 151.8310534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 153.79567 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 156.7294534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 149.3978534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 150.9421534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 156.15367 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 156.0833534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 149.4013534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 150.2739534 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 163.11307 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Udp-galactosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoprot...
- Gene Name
- B4GALT1
- Uniprot ID
- P15291
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 43919.895 Da
References
- Ramakrishnan B, Boeggeman E, Qasba PK: Mutation of arginine 228 to lysine enhances the glucosyltransferase activity of bovine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I. Biochemistry. 2005 Mar 8;44(9):3202-10. [Article]
- Ramasamy V, Ramakrishnan B, Boeggeman E, Ratner DM, Seeberger PH, Qasba PK: Oligosaccharide preferences of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-I: crystal structures of Met340His mutant of human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-I with a pentasaccharide and trisaccharides of the N-glycan moiety. J Mol Biol. 2005 Oct 14;353(1):53-67. [Article]
- Boeggeman E, Ramakrishnan B, Kilgore C, Khidekel N, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Simpson JT, Qasba PK: Direct identification of nonreducing GlcNAc residues on N-glycans of glycoproteins using a novel chemoenzymatic method. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 May-Jun;18(3):806-14. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [Article]
- Hidalgo A, Burgos V, Viola H, Medina J, Argibay P: Differential expression of glycans in the hippocampus of rats trained on an inhibitory learning paradigm. Neuropathology. 2006 Dec;26(6):501-7. [Article]
- Ramakrishnan B, Boeggeman E, Qasba PK: Effect of the Met344His mutation on the conformational dynamics of bovine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase: crystal structure of the Met344His mutant in complex with chitobiose. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12513-22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids.
- Gene Name
- B4GALT4
- Uniprot ID
- O60513
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4
- Molecular Weight
- 40040.865 Da
References
- Bulter T, Schumacher T, Namdjou DJ, Gutierrez Gallego R, Clausen H, Elling L: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of biotinylated nucleotide sugars as substrates for glycosyltransferases. Chembiochem. 2001 Dec 3;2(12):884-94. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- N-acylmannosamine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts endogenous N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a major component of complex carbohydrates, from lysosomal degradation or nutritional sources into GlcNAc 6-phosphate. Involved in the N-glycolylne...
- Gene Name
- NAGK
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UJ70
- Uniprot Name
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase
- Molecular Weight
- 37375.305 Da
References
- Weihofen WA, Berger M, Chen H, Saenger W, Hinderlich S: Structures of human N-Acetylglucosamine kinase in two complexes with N-Acetylglucosamine and with ADP/glucose: insights into substrate specificity and regulation. J Mol Biol. 2006 Dec 1;364(3):388-99. Epub 2006 Sep 3. [Article]
- Uehara T, Park JT: The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase of Escherichia coli and its role in murein recycling. J Bacteriol. 2004 Nov;186(21):7273-9. [Article]
- An HJ, Kim DS, Park YK, Kim SK, Choi YP, Kang S, Ding B, Cho NH: Comparative proteomics of ovarian epithelial tumors. J Proteome Res. 2006 May;5(5):1082-90. [Article]
- Yang C, Rodionov DA, Li X, Laikova ON, Gelfand MS, Zagnitko OP, Romine MF, Obraztsova AY, Nealson KH, Osterman AL: Comparative genomics and experimental characterization of N-acetylglucosamine utilization pathway of Shewanella oneidensis. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 6;281(40):29872-85. Epub 2006 Jul 20. [Article]
- Nishimasu H, Fushinobu S, Shoun H, Wakagi T: Crystal structures of an ATP-dependent hexokinase with broad substrate specificity from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 30;282(13):9923-31. Epub 2007 Jan 17. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-n-acetylglucosaminidase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the second step in the formation of the mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal on lysosomal enzyme oligosaccharides by removing GlcNAc residues from GlcNAc-alpha-P-mannose moieties, which a...
- Gene Name
- NAGPA
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UK23
- Uniprot Name
- N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
- Molecular Weight
- 56072.49 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Mullis KG, Huynh M, Kornfeld RH: Purification and kinetic parameters of bovine liver N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 21;269(3):1718-26. [Article]
- Chavez CA, Bohnsack RN, Kudo M, Gotschall RR, Canfield WM, Dahms NM: Domain 5 of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor preferentially binds phosphodiesters (mannose 6-phosphate N-acetylglucosamine ester). Biochemistry. 2007 Nov 6;46(44):12604-17. Epub 2007 Oct 10. [Article]
- Kornfeld R, Bao M, Brewer K, Noll C, Canfield WM: Purification and multimeric structure of bovine N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. J Biol Chem. 1998 Sep 4;273(36):23203-10. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Alpha-n-acetylglucosaminidase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate.
- Gene Name
- NAGLU
- Uniprot ID
- P54802
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
- Molecular Weight
- 82264.92 Da
References
- Spiro RG: Role of N-linked polymannose oligosaccharides in targeting glycoproteins for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 May;61(9):1025-41. [Article]
- Nogawa M, Takahashi H, Kashiwagi A, Ohshima K, Okada H, Morikawa Y: Purification and Characterization of Exo-beta-d-Glucosaminidase from a Cellulolytic Fungus, Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Mar;64(3):890-5. [Article]
- Vishu Kumar AB, Varadaraj MC, Gowda LR, Tharanathan RN: Characterization of chito-oligosaccharides prepared by chitosanolysis with the aid of papain and Pronase, and their bactericidal action against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Biochem J. 2005 Oct 15;391(Pt 2):167-75. [Article]
- Zou L, Yang S, Hu S, Chaudry IH, Marchase RB, Chatham JC: The protective effects of PUGNAc on cardiac function after trauma-hemorrhage are mediated via increased protein O-GlcNAc levels. Shock. 2007 Apr;27(4):402-8. [Article]
- Shirazi F, Kulkarni M, Deshpande MV: A rapid and sensitive method for screening of chitinase inhibitors using Ostazin Brilliant Red labelled chitin as a substrate for chitinase assay. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2007 Jun;44(6):660-5. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the interconversion of N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetylmannosamine. Binds to renin forming a protein complex called high molecular weight (HMW) renin and inhibits renin activity. Involved ...
- Gene Name
- RENBP
- Uniprot ID
- P51606
- Uniprot Name
- N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase
- Molecular Weight
- 48830.6 Da
References
- Lee YC, Wu HM, Chang YN, Wang WC, Hsu WH: The central cavity from the (alpha/alpha)6 barrel structure of Anabaena sp. CH1 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase contains two key histidine residues for reversible conversion. J Mol Biol. 2007 Mar 30;367(3):895-908. Epub 2006 Nov 6. [Article]
- Lee YC, Chien HC, Hsu WH: Production of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid by recombinant whole cells expressing Anabaena sp. CH1 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase and Escherichia coli N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid lyase. J Biotechnol. 2007 May 1;129(3):453-60. Epub 2007 Feb 9. [Article]
- Takahashi S, Ogasawara H, Hiwatashi K, Hata K, Hori K, Koizumi Y, Sugiyama T: Amino acid residues conferring the nucleotide binding properties of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase (renin binding protein). Biomed Res. 2005 Jun;26(3):117-21. [Article]
- Ferrero MA, Martinez-Blanco H, Lopez-Velasco FF, Ezquerro-Saenz C, Navasa N, Lozano S, Rodriguez-Aparicio LB: Purification and characterization of GlcNAc-6-P 2-epimerase from Escherichia coli K92. Acta Biochim Pol. 2007;54(2):387-99. Epub 2007 Jun 14. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:42