Identification
- Summary
Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic drug used in the prevention and treatment of toxoplasmosis and malaria.
- Brand Names
- Daraprim
- Generic Name
- Pyrimethamine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00205
- Background
One of the folic acid antagonists that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Pyrimethamine (DB00205)
- Weight
- Average: 248.711
Monoisotopic: 248.082874143 - Chemical Formula
- C12H13ClN4
- Synonyms
- 2,4-Diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine
- 2,4-Diamino-5-(P-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine
- 2,4-Diamino-5-chlorophenyl-6-ethylpyrimidine
- 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-ethyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine
- 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-ethyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamine
- 5-(4'-Chlorophenyl)-2,4-diamino-6-ethylpyrimidine
- CD
- Chloridine
- Chloridyn
- Diaminopyritamin
- Ethylpyrimidine
- Pirimetamina
- Primethamine
- Pyriméthamine
- Pyrimethamine
- Pyrimethaminum
- External IDs
- NSC-3061
- RP-4753
- WR-2978
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of toxoplasmosis and acute malaria; For the prevention of malaria in areas non-resistant to pyrimethamine
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Toxoplasmosis •••••••••••• •••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic compound commonly used as an adjunct in the treatment of uncomplicated, chloroquine resistant, P. falciparum malaria. Pyrimethamine is a folic acid antagonist and the rationale for its therapeutic action is based on the differential requirement between host and parasite for nucleic acid precursors involved in growth. This activity is highly selective against plasmodia and Toxoplasma gondii. Pyrimethamine possesses blood schizonticidal and some tissue schizonticidal activity against malaria parasites of humans. However, the 4-amino-quinoline compounds are more effective against the erythrocytic schizonts. It does not destroy gametocytes, but arrests sporogony in the mosquito. The action of pyrimethamine against Toxoplasma gondii is greatly enhanced when used in conjunction with sulfonamides.
- Mechanism of action
Pyrimethamine inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase of plasmodia and thereby blocks the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, which are essential for DNA synthesis and cell multiplication. This leads to failure of nuclear division at the time of schizont formation in erythrocytes and liver.
Target Actions Organism ADihydrofolate reductase inhibitorHumans ABifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase inhibitorPlasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) UBeta-hexosaminidase subunit beta Not Available Humans - Absorption
Well absorbed with peak levels occurring between 2 to 6 hours following administration
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
87%
- Metabolism
Hepatic
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
96 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbemaciclib The excretion of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Pyrimethamine. Acetazolamide The therapeutic efficacy of Pyrimethamine can be increased when used in combination with Acetazolamide. Acetophenazine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Pyrimethamine is combined with Acetophenazine. Acyclovir The excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Pyrimethamine. Alimemazine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Pyrimethamine is combined with Alimemazine. - Food Interactions
- Administer folic acid supplement. Folic acid need is increased.
- Take with food. Food reduces irritation.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Pyrimethamine hydrochloride FDZ9T27VWT 19085-09-7 JZCLIFPQURTYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Daraprim Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1994-05-12 2011-06-30 US 
Daraprim Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITALS 2011-04-20 2014-08-31 US Daraprim Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral Glaxosmithkline Inc 1985-04-16 2013-03-31 US Daraprim Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral TILDE Sciences LLC 1953-01-23 Not applicable US Daraprim Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral Vyera Pharmaceuticals Llc 1953-01-23 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Pyrimethamine Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral OAKRUM PHARMA, LLC 2020-03-13 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral Aurobindo Pharma Limited 2022-10-25 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral Dr.Reddys Laboratories Inc 2020-03-16 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2021-12-15 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Tablet 25 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2021-09-17 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Fansidar Pyrimethamine (25 mg/1) + Sulfadoxine (500 mg/1) Tablet Oral Genentech, Inc. 1981-10-28 2012-04-18 US Fansidar Tablets Pyrimethamine (25 mg) + Sulfadoxine (500 mg) Tablet Oral Hoffmann La Roche 1989-12-31 2000-07-27 Canada 
METAKELFIN Pyrimethamine (10 mg/mL) + Sulfametopyrazine (200 mg/mL) Solution / drops Oral Pfizer Italia S.R.L. 2014-07-08 2021-06-04 Italy 
METAKELFIN Pyrimethamine (25 mg) + Sulfametopyrazine (500 mg) Tablet Oral Pfizer Italia S.R.L. 2014-07-08 2021-06-04 Italy SULFADOXINA 500 MG + PIRIMETAMINA 25 MG TABLETAS Pyrimethamine (25 mg) + Sulfadoxine (500 mg) Tablet Oral COLOMPACK S.A. 2006-11-10 Not applicable Colombia 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Pyrimethamine Leucovorin Pyrimethamine (25 mg/1) + Leucovorin calcium (5 mg/1) Capsule Oral South Coast Specialty Compounding, Inc. D/B/A Park Compounding 2015-11-25 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Leucovorin Pyrimethamine (50 mg/1) + Leucovorin calcium (25 mg/1) Capsule Oral South Coast Specialty Compounding, Inc. D/B/A Park Compounding 2015-11-30 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Leucovorin Pyrimethamine (25 mg/1) + Leucovorin calcium (5 mg/1) Capsule Oral ImprimisRx PA, Inc. d/b/a ImprimisRx 2015-11-27 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Leucovorin Pyrimethamine (50 mg/1) + Leucovorin calcium (25 mg/1) Capsule Oral ImprimisRx PA, Inc. d/b/a ImprimisRx 2015-11-27 Not applicable US Pyrimethamine Leucovorin Pyrimethamine (25 mg/1) + Leucovorin calcium (10 mg/1) Capsule Oral South Coast Specialty Compounding, Inc. D/B/A Park Compounding 2015-11-25 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- P01BF09 — Artesunate, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine
- P01BF — Artemisinin and derivatives, combinations
- P01B — ANTIMALARIALS
- P01 — ANTIPROTOZOALS
- P — ANTIPARASITIC PRODUCTS, INSECTICIDES AND REPELLENTS
- P01BD — Diaminopyrimidines
- P01B — ANTIMALARIALS
- P01 — ANTIPROTOZOALS
- P — ANTIPARASITIC PRODUCTS, INSECTICIDES AND REPELLENTS
- P01BD — Diaminopyrimidines
- P01B — ANTIMALARIALS
- P01 — ANTIPROTOZOALS
- P — ANTIPARASITIC PRODUCTS, INSECTICIDES AND REPELLENTS
- Drug Categories
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antibiotics for Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- Antimalarial diaminopyrimidines
- Antimalarials
- Antiparasitic Agents
- Antiparasitic Products, Insecticides and Repellents
- Antiprotozoals
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Folic Acid Antagonists
- MATE 1 Inhibitors
- MATE 2 Inhibitors
- MATE inhibitors
- Pyrimidines
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminopyrimidines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an amino group attached to a pyrimidine ring. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Diazines
- Sub Class
- Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Aminopyrimidines and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Chlorobenzenes / Hydropyrimidines / Aryl chlorides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Primary amines / Organopnictogen compounds / Organochlorides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Amine / Aminopyrimidine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Chlorobenzene / Halobenzene / Heteroaromatic compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- aminopyrimidine, monochlorobenzenes (CHEBI:8673)
- Affected organisms
- Plasmodium
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- Z3614QOX8W
- CAS number
- 58-14-0
- InChI Key
- WKSAUQYGYAYLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C12H13ClN4/c1-2-9-10(11(14)17-12(15)16-9)7-3-5-8(13)6-4-7/h3-6H,2H2,1H3,(H4,14,15,16,17)
- IUPAC Name
- 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine
- SMILES
- CCC1=C(C(N)=NC(N)=N1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
- US2576939
- General References
- Gatton ML, Martin LB, Cheng Q: Evolution of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Jun;48(6):2116-23. [Article]
- Sirichaiwat C, Intaraudom C, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Vanichtanankul J, Thebtaranonth Y, Yuthavong Y: Target guided synthesis of 5-benzyl-2,4-diamonopyrimidines: their antimalarial activities and binding affinities to wild type and mutant dihydrofolate reductases from Plasmodium falciparum. J Med Chem. 2004 Jan 15;47(2):345-54. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: DARAPRIM (pyrimethamine) tablets [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014350
- KEGG Drug
- D00488
- KEGG Compound
- C07391
- PubChem Compound
- 4993
- PubChem Substance
- 46505987
- ChemSpider
- 4819
- BindingDB
- 18512
- 9010
- ChEBI
- 8673
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL36
- ZINC
- ZINC000000057464
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000633
- PharmGKB
- PA451193
- PDBe Ligand
- CP6
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Pyrimethamine
- PDB Entries
- 1j3j / 2bl9 / 2bla / 3qfx / 3qg2 / 3qgt / 3um5 / 4km0 / 6aog / 6nni … show 3 more
- FDA label
- Download (29.7 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (74 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Prevention Malaria 3 4 Completed Prevention Anemia in Children / Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum 1 4 Completed Prevention Anemia / Malaria 2 4 Completed Prevention Malaria 3 4 Completed Prevention Malaria in Pregnancy / Treatment Adherence 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Glaxosmithkline llc
- Packagers
- DSM Corp.
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Medisca Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 25 mg/1 Tablet Oral 25.000 mg Tablet Oral Solution / drops Oral Suspension Oral Tablet Oral Capsule Oral Solution Oral Tablet Oral 25 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Pyrimethamine powder 8.88USD g Daraprim 25 mg tablet 0.98USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 233.5 °C PhysProp water solubility 121 mg/L Not Available logP 2.69 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 7.34 (at 20 °C) PERRIN,DD (1972) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.179 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.62 ALOGPS logP 2.75 Chemaxon logS -3.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 17.22 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.77 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 77.82 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 Chemaxon Refractivity 71.54 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 25.79 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9973 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9383 Caco-2 permeable + 0.6217 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.5822 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8643 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9045 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7451 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8103 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6582 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.9107 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8932 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9026 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7586 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.6667 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9133 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8016 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 2.7833 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9337 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8586
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 157.5138945 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 154.15897 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 158.61043 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 156.6671945 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 159.8297646 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 160.98558 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 157.9865945 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 170.2077157 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 167.06157 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Nadph binding
- Specific Function
- Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA pre...
- Gene Name
- DHFR
- Uniprot ID
- P00374
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydrofolate reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 21452.61 Da
References
- Rastelli G, Pacchioni S, Parenti MD: Structure of Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase determined by homology modeling and molecular dynamics refinement. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 Oct 6;13(19):3257-60. [Article]
- Fidock DA, Wellems TE: Transformation with human dihydrofolate reductase renders malaria parasites insensitive to WR99210 but does not affect the intrinsic activity of proguanil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 30;94(20):10931-6. [Article]
- Wooden JM, Hartwell LH, Vasquez B, Sibley CH: Analysis in yeast of antimalaria drugs that target the dihydrofolate reductase of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1997 Mar;85(1):25-40. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Thymidylate synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Bifunctional enzyme. Involved in de novo dTMP biosynthesis. Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, DNA precursor synthesis, and f...
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- P13922
- Uniprot Name
- Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 71816.775 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Fohl LM, Roos DS: Fitness effects of DHFR-TS mutations associated with pyrimethamine resistance in apicomplexan parasites. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Nov;50(4):1319-27. [Article]
- McKie JH, Douglas KT, Chan C, Roser SA, Yates R, Read M, Hyde JE, Dascombe MJ, Yuthavong Y, Sirawaraporn W: Rational drug design approach for overcoming drug resistance: application to pyrimethamine resistance in malaria. J Med Chem. 1998 Apr 23;41(9):1367-70. [Article]
- Zolg JW, Plitt JR, Chen GX, Palmer S: Point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene as the molecular basis for pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1989 Oct;36(3):253-62. [Article]
- Zhang K, Rathod PK: Divergent regulation of dihydrofolate reductase between malaria parasite and human host. Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):545-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues.
- Gene Name
- HEXB
- Uniprot ID
- P07686
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta
- Molecular Weight
- 63110.745 Da
References
- Bateman KS, Cherney MM, Mahuran DJ, Tropak M, James MN: Crystal structure of beta-hexosaminidase B in complex with pyrimethamine, a potential pharmacological chaperone. J Med Chem. 2011 Mar 10;54(5):1421-9. doi: 10.1021/jm101443u. Epub 2011 Jan 25. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Backman JT, Filppula AM, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ: Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241. doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011411. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Monovalent cation:proton antiporter activity
- Specific Function
- Solute transporter for tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), metformin, creatinine, guanidine, procainamide, topotecan, estrone sulfat...
- Gene Name
- SLC47A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q96FL8
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 61921.585 Da
References
- Oh J, Chung H, Park SI, Yi SJ, Jang K, Kim AH, Yoon J, Cho JY, Yoon SH, Jang IJ, Yu KS, Chung JY: Inhibition of the multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) transporter by pyrimethamine increases the plasma concentration of metformin but does not increase antihyperglycaemic activity in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016 Jan;18(1):104-8. doi: 10.1111/dom.12577. Epub 2015 Oct 26. [Article]
- Kusuhara H, Ito S, Kumagai Y, Jiang M, Shiroshita T, Moriyama Y, Inoue K, Yuasa H, Sugiyama Y: Effects of a MATE protein inhibitor, pyrimethamine, on the renal elimination of metformin at oral microdose and at therapeutic dose in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;89(6):837-44. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.36. Epub 2011 May 4. [Article]
- May M, Schindler C: Clinically and pharmacologically relevant interactions of antidiabetic drugs. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;7(2):69-83. doi: 10.1177/2042018816638050. Epub 2016 Mar 31. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Drug transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Solute transporter for tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, N-methylnicotinamide, metformin, creatinine, guanidine, procainamide, topotecan, estrone sulfate, acy...
- Gene Name
- SLC47A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q86VL8
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 65083.915 Da
References
- Oh J, Chung H, Park SI, Yi SJ, Jang K, Kim AH, Yoon J, Cho JY, Yoon SH, Jang IJ, Yu KS, Chung JY: Inhibition of the multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) transporter by pyrimethamine increases the plasma concentration of metformin but does not increase antihyperglycaemic activity in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016 Jan;18(1):104-8. doi: 10.1111/dom.12577. Epub 2015 Oct 26. [Article]
- Kusuhara H, Ito S, Kumagai Y, Jiang M, Shiroshita T, Moriyama Y, Inoue K, Yuasa H, Sugiyama Y: Effects of a MATE protein inhibitor, pyrimethamine, on the renal elimination of metformin at oral microdose and at therapeutic dose in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;89(6):837-44. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.36. Epub 2011 May 4. [Article]
- May M, Schindler C: Clinically and pharmacologically relevant interactions of antidiabetic drugs. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;7(2):69-83. doi: 10.1177/2042018816638050. Epub 2016 Mar 31. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 02, 2024 22:51