Citalopram

Identification

Summary

Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used in the treatment of depression.

Brand Names
Celexa, Ctp
Generic Name
Citalopram
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00215
Background

Citalopram is an antidepressant belonging to the class of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) widely used to treat the symptoms of depression. It is a racemic bicyclic phthalate derivate and is the only compound with a tertiary amine and 2 nitrogen-containing metabolites among all SSRIs.12,13 Citalopram enhances serotonergic transmission through the inhibition of serotonin reuptake, and among all the SSRIs, citalopram appears to be the most selective toward serotonin reuptake inhibition.12,13 Specifically, it has a very minimal effect on dopamine and norepinephrine transportation and virtually no affinity for muscarinic, histaminergic, or GABAergic receptors.12

Citalopram was approved by the FDA in 1998 for the treatment of depression in adults 18 years or older.18

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 324.3919
Monoisotopic: 324.163791509
Chemical Formula
C20H21FN2O
Synonyms
  • Citalopram
  • Citalopramum
  • Nitalapram
External IDs
  • Lu 10-171

Pharmacology

Indication

Citalopram is approved by the FDA for treating adults with major depressive disorder.19 It has also been used off-label to treat various diseases, including but not limited to sexual dysfunction, ethanol abuse, psychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and diabetic neuropathy.16,1,2,11

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofAlcohol abuse••• •••••
Treatment ofAnorexia nervosa••• •••••
Treatment ofBinge eating disorder (bed)••• •••••
Treatment ofBulimia nervosa••• •••••
Symptomatic treatment ofDepression•••••••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Citalopram belongs to a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It has been found to relieve or manage symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder among other mood disorders. The antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and other actions of citalopram are linked to its inhibition of CNS central uptake of serotonin.19 Serotonergic abnormalities have been reported in patients with mood disorders. Behavioral and neuropsychological effects of serotonin include the regulation of mood, perception, reward, anger, aggression, appetite, memory, sexuality, and attention, as examples. The onset of action for depression is approximately 1 to 4 weeks. The complete response may take 8-12 weeks after initiation of citalopram.16

In vitro studies demonstrate that citalopram is a strong and selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin reuptake and has weak effects on norepinephrine and dopamine central reuptake. The chronic administration of citalopram has been shown to downregulate central norepinephrine receptors, similar to other drugs effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Citalopram does not inhibit monoamine oxidase.4

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of citalopram is unclear but is presumed to be related to potentiation of serotonergic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from its inhibition of CNS neuronal reuptake of serotonin (5-HT), potentially through the inhibition of the serotonin transporter (solute carrier family 6 member 4, SLC6A4).19,8

Citalopram binds with significantly less affinity to histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine receptors than tricyclic antidepressant drugs. Particularly, citalopram has no or very low affinity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, dopamine D1 and D2, α1-, α2-, and β-adrenergic, histamine H1, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), muscarinic cholinergic, and benzodiazepine receptors.19

TargetActionsOrganism
ASodium-dependent serotonin transporter
inhibitor
Humans
NHistamine H1 receptor
binder
Humans
Absorption

The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of citalopram are linear and dose-proportional in a dose range of 10 to 40 mg/day. Biotransformation of citalopram is mainly hepatic, with a mean terminal half-life of about 35 hours. With once daily dosing, steady state plasma concentrations are achieved within approximately one week. At steady state, the extent of accumulation of citalopram in plasma, based on the half-life, is expected to be 2.5 times the plasma concentrations observed after a single dose.19

Following a single oral dose (40 mg tablet) of citalopram, peak blood levels occur at about 4 hours. The absolute bioavailability of citalopram was about 80% relative to an intravenous dose, and absorption is not affected by food.19

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution of citalopram is about 12 L/kg.19

Protein binding

The binding of citalopram (CT), demethylcitalopram (DCT) and didemethylcitalopram (DDCT) to human plasma proteins is about 80%.19

Metabolism

Citalopram is metabolized mainly in the liver via N-demethylation to its main metabolite, demethylcitalopram by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. 5,8,19 Other metabolites include didemethylcitalopram via CYP2D6 metabolism, citalopram N-oxide and propionic acid derivative via monoamine oxidase enzymes A and B and aldehyde oxidase.5,19 Citalopram metabolites exert little pharmacologic activity in comparison to the parent drug and are not likely to contribute to the clinical effect of citalopram.4

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Route of elimination

Approximately 12 to 23% of an oral dose of citalopram is found unchanged in the urine, while 10% is found in feces.8 Following intravenous administrations of citalopram, the fraction of the drug recovered in the urine as citalopram and DCT was about 10% and 5%, respectively.19

Half-life

The mean terminal half-life of citalopram is about 35 hours.21

Clearance

The systemic clearance of citalopram was 330 mL/min, with approximately 20% of that due to renal clearance.19

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Based on data from published observational studies, exposure to SSRIs, particularly in the month before delivery, has been associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.19

Available data from published epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports with citalopram use in pregnancy have not established an increased risk of major birth defects or miscarriage. Published studies demonstrated that citalopram levels in both cord blood and amniotic fluid are similar to those observed in maternal serum. There are risks of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and/or poor neonatal adaptation with exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including citalopram, during pregnancy. There also are risks associated with untreated depression in pregnancy.19

Citalopram was administered orally to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis at doses of 32, 56, and 112 mg/kg/day, which are approximately 8, 14, and 27 times the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 40 mg, based on mg/m2 body surface area. Citalopram caused maternal toxicity of CNS clinical signs and decreased weight gain at 112 mg/kg/day, which is 27 times the MRHD. At this maternally toxic dose, citalopram decreased embryo/fetal growth and survival and increased fetal abnormalities (including cardiovascular and skeletal defects). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for maternal and embryofetal toxicity is 56 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 14 times the MRHD.19

Citalopram was administered orally to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 16 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 8 times the MRHD of 40 mg, based on mg/m2 body surface area. No maternal or embryofetal toxicity was observed. The NOAEL for maternal and embryofetal toxicity is 16 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 8 times the MRHD.19

Citalopram was administered orally to pregnant rats during late gestation and lactation periods at doses of 4.8, 12.8, and 32 mg/kg/day, which are approximately 1, 3, and 8 times the MRHD of 40 mg, based on mg/m2 body surface area. Citalopram increased offspring mortality during the first 4 days of birth and decreased offspring growth at 32 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 8 times the MRHD. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 12.8 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 3 times the MRHD. In a separate study, similar effects on offspring mortality and growth were seen when dams were treated throughout gestation and early lactation at doses ≥ 24 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 6 times the MRHD. A NOAEL was not determined in that study.19

SSRIs, including citalopram, have been associated with cases of clinically significant hyponatremia in elderly patients, who may be at greater risk for this adverse reaction.19

The following have been reported with citalopram tablet overdosage: • Seizures, which may be delayed, and altered mental status including coma.19 • Cardiovascular toxicity, which may be delayed, including QRS and QTc interval prolongation, wide complex tachyarrhythmias, and torsade de pointes. Hypertension is most commonly seen, but hypotension can rarely be seen alone or with co‐ingestants including alcohol.19 • Serotonin syndrome (patients with a multiple drug overdosage with other pro-serotonergic drugs may have a higher risk).19

Prolonged cardiac monitoring is recommended in citalopram overdosage ingestions due to the arrhythmia risk. Gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal should be considered in patients who present early after a citalopram overdose. Consider contacting a Poison Center (1‐800‐221‐2222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdosage management recommendations.19

Citalopram increased the incidence of small intestine carcinoma in rats treated for 24 months at doses of 8 and 24 mg/kg/day in the diet, which are approximately 2 and 6 times the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 40 mg, respectively, based on mg/m2 body surface area. A no-effect level (NOEL) for this finding was not established. Citalopram did not increase the incidence of tumors in mice treated for 18 months at doses up to 240 mg/kg/day in the diet, which is approximately 30 times the MRDH of 40 mg based on mg/m2 body surface area.19

Citalopram was mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) in 2 of 5 bacterial strains (Salmonella TA98 and TA1537) in the absence of metabolic activation. It was clastogenic in the in vitro Chinese hamster lung cell assay for chromosomal aberrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Citalopram was not mutagenic in the in vitro mammalian forward gene mutation assay (HPRT) in mouse lymphoma cells or in in vitro/in vivo unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay in rat liver. It was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes or in two in vivo mouse micronucleus assays.19

Citalopram was administered orally to female and male rats at doses of 32, 48, and 72 mg/kg/day prior to and throughout mating and continuing to gestation. These doses are approximately 8, 12, and 17 times the MRHD of 40 mg based on mg/m2 body surface area. Mating and fertility were decreased at doses ≥ 32 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 8 times the MRHD. Gestation duration was increased to 48 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 12 times the MRHD.19

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Citalopram Action PathwayDrug action
Citalopram Metabolism PathwayDrug metabolism
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2---(C;C)C Allele, homozygoteADR Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have increased frequency of suicidal ideation with citalopramDetails
Glutamate receptor 3---(G;G) / (G;A)G alleleADR Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have increased frequency of suicidal ideation with citalopramDetails
Multidrug resistance protein 1---(C;C) / (C;T)C AlleleEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have an increased likelihood of remission when using citalopram to treat major depressive disorderDetails
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A---(A;A)A AlleleEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have an increased likelihood of responding to citalopram when treating major depressive disorderDetails
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4---(C;C)C AlleleEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have an increased likelihood of responding to citalopram when treating major depressive disorderDetails
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1---(T;T)T allele, homozygousADR Directly StudiedMale patients with this genotype have an increased risk of (condition: suicide) with (drug: citalopram).Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2ANot Available681G>AADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2BNot Available681G>AADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*3Not Available636G>AADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*4Not Available1A>GADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*5Not Available1297C>TADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*6Not Available395G>AADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*7Not Available19294T>AADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*22Not Available557G>C / 991A>GADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*24Not Available99C>T / 991A>G  … show all ADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*35Not Available12662A>GADR InferredPoor drug metabolizer, increased risk of QT prolongation. For individual with two non-functional alleles, dose reduction or alternative drug recommended.Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 1,2-Benzodiazepine is combined with Citalopram.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Citalopram can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Citalopram can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Citalopram.
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Citalopram.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid St. John's Wort. Co-administration of St. John's Wort with citalopram can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
  • Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Citalopram hydrobromideI1E9D14F3659729-32-7WIHMBLDNRMIGDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Akarin / Celapram / Ciazil / Cilift / Cipram / Cipramil / Ciprapine / Citabax / Citadur / Citalec / Citol / Citopam / Citox / Citrol / Dalsan / Elopram / Humorup / Oropram / Pramcit / Recital / Seropram / Talam / Talohexal / Temperax / Vodelax / Zentius / Zetalo
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Act CitalopramTablet40 mgOralSunovion2004-01-212022-04-27Canada flag
Act CitalopramTablet30 mgOralSunovionNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Act CitalopramTablet20 mgOralSunovion2004-01-212022-04-27Canada flag
CelexaTablet, film coated20 mg/1OralAllergan, Inc.1998-07-17Not applicableUS flag
CelexaTablet10 mg/1OralPhysicians Total Care, Inc.2004-01-30Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Abbott-citalopramTablet10 mgOralAbbott2014-03-172015-12-31Canada flag
Abbott-citalopramTablet40 mgOralAbbott2014-03-122015-12-31Canada flag
Abbott-citalopramTablet20 mgOralAbbott2014-03-122015-12-31Canada flag
Accel-citalopram TabletsTablet20 mgOralAccel Pharma Inc2013-07-022020-03-20Canada flag
Accel-citalopram TabletsTablet10 mgOralAccel Pharma Inc2013-03-212020-03-20Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Sentralopram AM-10Citalopram hydrobromide (10 mg/1) + Choline (250 mg/1)KitOralPhysician Therapeutics Llc2011-07-07Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N06AB04 — Citalopram
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylbutylamines. These are compounds containing a phenylbutylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the fourth carbon by an butan-1-amine.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Phenylbutylamines
Direct Parent
Phenylbutylamines
Alternative Parents
Isocoumarans / Fluorobenzenes / Aralkylamines / Aryl fluorides / Trialkylamines / Oxacyclic compounds / Nitriles / Dialkyl ethers / Organopnictogen compounds / Organofluorides
show 1 more
Substituents
Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Carbonitrile / Dialkyl ether / Ether / Fluorobenzene / Halobenzene
show 15 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organofluorine compound, tertiary amino compound, 2-benzofurans, nitrile, cyclic ether (CHEBI:77397)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
0DHU5B8D6V
CAS number
59729-33-8
InChI Key
WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H21FN2O/c1-23(2)11-3-10-20(17-5-7-18(21)8-6-17)19-9-4-15(13-22)12-16(19)14-24-20/h4-9,12H,3,10-11,14H2,1-2H3
IUPAC Name
1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
SMILES
CN(C)CCCC1(OCC2=C1C=CC(=C2)C#N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Hans Petersen, "Method for the preparation of citalopram." U.S. Patent US6229026, issued December, 1992.

US6229026
General References
  1. Sindrup SH, Bjerre U, Dejgaard A, Brøsen K, Aaes-Jørgensen T, Gram LF: The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram relieves the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992 Nov;52(5):547-52. [Article]
  2. Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, Semercioz A: The efficacy of citalopram in the treatment of premature ejaculation: a placebo-controlled study. Int J Impot Res. 2002 Dec;14(6):502-5. [Article]
  3. Andersen G, Vestergaard K, Riis JO: Citalopram for post-stroke pathological crying. Lancet. 1993 Oct 2;342(8875):837-9. [Article]
  4. Baumann P: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of citalopram and other SSRIs. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Mar;11 Suppl 1:5-11. [Article]
  5. Bezchlibnyk-Butler K, Aleksic I, Kennedy SH: Citalopram--a review of pharmacological and clinical effects. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 May;25(3):241-54. [Article]
  6. Sheeler RD, Ackerman MJ, Richelson E, Nelson TK, Staab JP, Tangalos EG, Dieser LM, Cunningham JL: Considerations on safety concerns about citalopram prescribing. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Nov;87(11):1042-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Sep 24. [Article]
  7. McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Malhotra S, Welge JA, Nelson EB, Keck PE Jr: Citalopram in the treatment of binge-eating disorder: a placebo-controlled trial J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 Jul;64(7):807-13. [Article]
  8. Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB: PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346063f. [Article]
  9. Fassino S, Leombruni P, Daga G, Brustolin A, Migliaretti G, Cavallo F, Rovera G: Efficacy of citalopram in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2002 Oct;12(5):453-9. doi: 10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00058-5. [Article]
  10. Leombruni P, Amianto F, Delsedime N, Gramaglia C, Abbate-Daga G, Fassino S: Citalopram versus fluoxetine for the treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Adv Ther. 2006 May-Jun;23(3):481-94. doi: 10.1007/BF02850170. [Article]
  11. Naranjo CA, Poulos CX, Bremner KE, Lanctot KL: Citalopram decreases desirability, liking, and consumption of alcohol in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992 Jun;51(6):729-39. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1992.85. [Article]
  12. Pollock BG: Citalopram: a comprehensive review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2001 Apr;2(4):681-98. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2.4.681. [Article]
  13. Baumann P: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996 Dec;31(6):444-69. [Article]
  14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482222/ (2018). Stat Pearls [Internet]. NIH Stat Pearls.
  15. MSDS citalopram [Link]
  16. NIH Stat Pearls: Citalopram [Link]
  17. AAFP: Off-label Applications for SSRIs [Link]
  18. Celexa Information, FDA [Link]
  19. FDA Approved Drug Products: CELEXA (citalopram) tablets, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
  20. DailyMed Label: SENTRALOPRAM AM-10 (citalopram hydrobromide, choline) oral kit [Link]
  21. Citalopram FDA label [Link]
  22. Health Canada Approved Drug Proucts: ACT CITALOPRAM (Citalopram) tablets, for oral use [Link]
  23. Celexa Monograph [File]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0005038
KEGG Drug
D07704
KEGG Compound
C07572
PubChem Compound
2771
PubChem Substance
46508746
ChemSpider
2669
BindingDB
25870
RxNav
2556
ChEBI
77397
ChEMBL
CHEMBL549
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000118
PharmGKB
PA449015
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Citalopram
FDA label
Download (190 KB)
MSDS
Download (379 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedBasic ScienceBipolar Disorder (BD)1
4CompletedHealth Services ResearchObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1
4CompletedOtherDepression1
4CompletedOtherHealthy Controls / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)1
4CompletedSupportive CareFriedreich's Ataxia1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Alphapharm party ltd
  • Forest laboratories inc
  • Apotex inc richmond hill
  • Aurobindo pharma ltd inc
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Silarx pharmaceuticals inc
  • Biovail laboratories international srl
  • Actavis elizabeth llc
  • Amneal pharmaceuticals ny llc
  • Apotex inc etobicoke site
  • Aurobindo pharma ltd
  • Caraco pharmaceutical laboratories ltd
  • Corepharma llc
  • Dr reddys laboratories ltd
  • Epic pharma llc
  • Glenmark generics ltd
  • Invagen pharmaceuticals inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Matrix laboratories inc
  • Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Natco pharma ltd
  • Pliva inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Taro pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Torrent pharmaceuticals ltd
  • Watson laboratories inc
Packagers
  • Actavis Group
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Amkas Laboratories Inc.
  • Amneal Pharmaceuticals
  • Apotex Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
  • Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.
  • Aurolife Pharma LLC
  • Blu Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • Camber Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Caraco Pharmaceutical Labs
  • Cardinal Health
  • Cipla Ltd.
  • Cobalt Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
  • Corepharma LLC
  • Coupler Enterprises Inc.
  • Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
  • Dept Health Central Pharmacy
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Doctor Reddys Laboratories Ltd.
  • Eon Labs
  • Forest Laboratories Inc.
  • Forest Pharmaceuticals
  • Glenmark Generics Ltd.
  • Greenstone LLC
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
  • International Laboratories Inc.
  • InvaGen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Inwood Labs
  • Kali Laboratories Inc.
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Legacy Pharmaceuticals Packaging LLC
  • Lundbeck Inc.
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Matrix Laboratories Ltd.
  • Medvantx Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Perrigo Co.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Pliva Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Remedy Repack
  • Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
  • Roxane Labs
  • Silarx Pharmaceuticals
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • Torrent Pharmaceuticals
  • Va Cmop Dallas
  • Vangard Labs Inc.
  • W and D Distributing Co.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral49.960 mg
TabletOral24.98 mg
TabletOral5.000 mg
TabletOral20 mg
TabletOral40 mg
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
CapsuleOral30 mg/1
SolutionOral20 mg/10mL
Tablet, film coatedOral10 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral30 MG
Solution / dropsOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, coatedOral20 MG
Tablet, coatedOral40 MG
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous40 MG/ML
Solution / dropsOral40 MG/ML
Tablet, film coatedOral20 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral40 MG
SolutionOral20 MG/ML
CapsuleOral10 mg/1
CapsuleOral20 mg/1
CapsuleOral40 mg/1
SolutionOral10 mg/5mL
TabletOral10 mg/1
TabletOral20 mg/1
TabletOral40 mg/301
TabletOral40 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral10 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral20 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral40 mg/1
TabletOral20.000 mg
TabletOral30 mg
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous; Parenteral40 MG/ML
TabletOral25.000 mg
TabletOral26.240 mg
TabletOral20.0000 mg
TabletOral10 mg
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous20 mg/0.5ml
KitOral
Injection, solution, concentrateParenteral20 mg/0.5ml
Injection, solution, concentrateParenteral40 mg/ml
TabletOral20.00 mg
TabletOral24.99 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Citalopram Hydrobromide 10 mg/5ml Solution 240ml Bottle122.28USD bottle
Celexa 40 mg tablet3.88USD tablet
Celexa 20 mg tablet3.72USD tablet
Celexa 10 mg tablet3.57USD tablet
Citalopram Hydrobromide 40 mg tablet2.89USD tablet
Citalopram Hydrobromide 20 mg tablet2.8USD tablet
Citalopram Hydrobromide 10 mg tablet2.68USD tablet
Citalopram hbr 40 mg tablet2.53USD tablet
Citalopram hbr 20 mg tablet2.43USD tablet
Citalopram hbr 10 mg tablet2.33USD tablet
Celexa 20 mg Tablet1.47USD tablet
Celexa 40 mg Tablet1.47USD tablet
Ctp 30 30 mg Tablet0.99USD tablet
Apo-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Apo-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Citalopram-Odan 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Citalopram-Odan 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Co Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Co Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Jamp-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Jamp-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Mint-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Mint-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Mylan-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Mylan-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ng Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ng Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Novo-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Novo-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Phl-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Phl-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Pms-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Pms-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ran-Citalo 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ran-Citalo 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ran-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ran-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ratio-Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Ratio-Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Sandoz Citalopram 20 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Sandoz Citalopram 40 mg Tablet0.82USD tablet
Pms-Citalopram 10 mg Tablet0.47USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
CA2353693No2003-07-222021-07-24Canada flag
CA2049368No2001-10-232011-08-16Canada flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)182-188https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_US_CB2736240.aspx
boiling point (°C)347-358http://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-201123.pdf
water solubilitySparingly soluble https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_US_CB2736240.aspx
logP3.76http://www.t3db.ca/toxins/T3D2715
logS-4.7http://www.t3db.ca/toxins/T3D2715
pKa9.78http://www.t3db.ca/toxins/T3D2715
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00588 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.58ALOGPS
logP3.76Chemaxon
logS-4.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.78Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area36.26 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity94.02 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability35.3 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9966
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9729
Caco-2 permeable+0.6099
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7597
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6361
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.9789
Renal organic cation transporterInhibitor0.6993
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8401
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8919
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.7407
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9045
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorInhibitor0.8949
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5054
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.8994
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8309
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5223
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7602
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7452
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity2.9054 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.7735
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.8994
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-000i-6190000000-9c092c583199a2a486ef
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0a4i-9110000000-5b1fde1b7a58929c7f2d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0009000000-589e7ae88aee7da0e0bd
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0029000000-8fd40dc922da5ab2c8b0
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0291000000-c60cbea4e4e6acbb4599
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00l2-0290000000-f2131534473e56b3c8a7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00mk-0390000000-e6cd61150feeca1d2867
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0291000000-ff658bd6b54adccbaf03
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0009000000-67fa40aabd862948aaf3
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0129000000-60abdaff2f5d8f72e271
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0bt9-0981000000-1eba423765a46f1dd6b9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0980000000-514f2e0bb73903b25b90
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0970000000-f27f46e3a573498d9f9b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0980000000-5ba355c707bc5008c067
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0009000000-a115136f2084cc2a6a47
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0129000000-474ae50db9e74e5a31be
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0bt9-0981000000-011dbb85d8e791486397
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0970000000-99aedc452f996b9c9113
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0980000000-c8734dde2a469350af7c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0970000000-cff11d70160f94e8fc2e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0391000000-e7862ea10a18e5771adc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0980000000-d24616414bd7fc5e1182
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0970000000-1c68a33d62afa4612071
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0394000000-f3c86fb3bf5bc7669307
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0390000000-5c227e85878c48f06a42
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0239000000-900cc91bba3c1f9f3674
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0029000000-18e413e2e999a3eae6d1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0009000000-ed98474d1f9562e8e703
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a7l-3297000000-8a2456fe9b4244f2f032
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-3197000000-e20be0683a167687a9d9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0n9u-4971000000-7871b0fbb3f43cf5b5f4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-4961000000-44106d6e56eb2b72f57e
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum2D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-189.5986377
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-180.40004
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+190.3072377
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+182.75804
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+190.4356377
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+188.94392
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
Gene Name
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID
P31645
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Molecular Weight
70324.165 Da
References
  1. Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB: PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346063f. [Article]
  2. Coleman JA, Green EM, Gouaux E: X-ray structures and mechanism of the human serotonin transporter. Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):334-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17629. Epub 2016 Apr 6. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Binder
General Function
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamin...
Gene Name
HRH1
Uniprot ID
P35367
Uniprot Name
Histamine H1 receptor
Molecular Weight
55783.61 Da
References
  1. Bareggi SR, Mundo E, Dell'Osso B, Altamura AC: The use of escitalopram beyond major depression: pharmacological aspects, efficacy and tolerability in anxiety disorders. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2007 Oct;3(5):741-53. [Article]
  2. Citalopram MedSafe NZ Data Sheet [File]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Brosen K, Naranjo CA: Review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies with citalopram. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Aug;11(4):275-83. [Article]
  2. Rasmussen BB, Brosen K: Is therapeutic drug monitoring a case for optimizing clinical outcome and avoiding interactions of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Apr;22(2):143-54. [Article]
  3. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
  4. Pelkonen O, Maenpaa J, Taavitsainen P, Rautio A, Raunio H: Inhibition and induction of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Xenobiotica. 1998 Dec;28(12):1203-53. [Article]
  5. Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB: PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346063f. [Article]
  6. von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Grassi JM, Granda BW, Venkatakrishnan K, Duan SX, Fogelman SM, Harmatz JS, Shader RI: Citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in vitro: human cytochromes mediating transformation, and cytochrome inhibitory effects. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):839-49. [Article]
  7. FDA Approved Drug Products: CELEXA (citalopram) tablets, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Brosen K, Naranjo CA: Review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies with citalopram. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Aug;11(4):275-83. [Article]
  2. Rasmussen BB, Brosen K: Is therapeutic drug monitoring a case for optimizing clinical outcome and avoiding interactions of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Apr;22(2):143-54. [Article]
  3. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
  4. Pelkonen O, Maenpaa J, Taavitsainen P, Rautio A, Raunio H: Inhibition and induction of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Xenobiotica. 1998 Dec;28(12):1203-53. [Article]
  5. von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Grassi JM, Granda BW, Venkatakrishnan K, Duan SX, Fogelman SM, Harmatz JS, Shader RI: Citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in vitro: human cytochromes mediating transformation, and cytochrome inhibitory effects. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):839-49. [Article]
  6. Olesen OV, Linnet K: Studies on the stereoselective metabolism of citalopram by human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmacology. 1999 Dec;59(6):298-309. doi: 10.1159/000028333. [Article]
  7. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
  8. Citalopram FDA label [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Baumann P: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996 Dec;31(6):444-69. [Article]
  2. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Grassi JM, Granda BW, Venkatakrishnan K, Duan SX, Fogelman SM, Harmatz JS, Shader RI: Citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in vitro: human cytochromes mediating transformation, and cytochrome inhibitory effects. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):839-49. [Article]
  2. Citalopram FDA [File]
  3. MedSafe NZ Data Sheet, Citalopram [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Serotonin binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
Gene Name
MAOA
Uniprot ID
P21397
Uniprot Name
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Molecular Weight
59681.27 Da
References
  1. Rochat B, Kosel M, Boss G, Testa B, Gillet M, Baumann P: Stereoselective biotransformation of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and its demethylated metabolites by monoamine oxidases in human liver. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Jul 1;56(1):15-23. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00008-2. [Article]
  2. Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB: PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346063f. [Article]
  3. Bezchlibnyk-Butler K, Aleksic I, Kennedy SH: Citalopram--a review of pharmacological and clinical effects. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 May;25(3):241-54. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Primary amine oxidase activity
Specific Function
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
Gene Name
MAOB
Uniprot ID
P27338
Uniprot Name
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
Molecular Weight
58762.475 Da
References
  1. Bezchlibnyk-Butler K, Aleksic I, Kennedy SH: Citalopram--a review of pharmacological and clinical effects. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 May;25(3):241-54. [Article]
  2. Rochat B, Kosel M, Boss G, Testa B, Gillet M, Baumann P: Stereoselective biotransformation of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and its demethylated metabolites by monoamine oxidases in human liver. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Jul 1;56(1):15-23. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00008-2. [Article]
  3. Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB: PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346063f. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xanthine dehydrogenase activity
Specific Function
Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and N-methylphthalazinium, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal...
Gene Name
AOX1
Uniprot ID
Q06278
Uniprot Name
Aldehyde oxidase
Molecular Weight
147916.735 Da
References
  1. Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB: PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346063f. [Article]
  2. Rochat B, Kosel M, Boss G, Testa B, Gillet M, Baumann P: Stereoselective biotransformation of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and its demethylated metabolites by monoamine oxidases in human liver. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Jul 1;56(1):15-23. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00008-2. [Article]
  3. Bezchlibnyk-Butler K, Aleksic I, Kennedy SH: Citalopram--a review of pharmacological and clinical effects. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 May;25(3):241-54. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Weiss J, Dormann SM, Martin-Facklam M, Kerpen CJ, Ketabi-Kiyanvash N, Haefeli WE: Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by newer antidepressants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Apr;305(1):197-204. [Article]
  2. Uhr M, Tontsch A, Namendorf C, Ripke S, Lucae S, Ising M, Dose T, Ebinger M, Rosenhagen M, Kohli M, Kloiber S, Salyakina D, Bettecken T, Specht M, Putz B, Binder EB, Muller-Myhsok B, Holsboer F: Polymorphisms in the drug transporter gene ABCB1 predict antidepressant treatment response in depression. Neuron. 2008 Jan 24;57(2):203-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.11.017. [Article]
  3. Uhr M, Grauer MT: abcb1ab P-glycoprotein is involved in the uptake of citalopram and trimipramine into the brain of mice. J Psychiatr Res. 2003 May-Jun;37(3):179-85. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55