Identification
- Summary
Glimepiride is a sulfonylurea drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Brand Names
- Duetact, Tandemact
- Generic Name
- Glimepiride
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00222
- Background
First introduced in 1995, glimepiride is a member of the second-generation sulfonylurea (SU) drug class used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve glycemic control. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder with increasing prevalences worldwide; it is characterized by insulin resistance in accordance with progressive β cell failure and long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications that lead to co-morbidities and mortalities. Sulfonylureas are one of the insulin secretagogues widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes to lower blood glucose levels. The main effect of SUs is thought to be effective when residual pancreatic β-cells are present,3 as they work by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells and they are also thought to exert extra-pancreatic effects, such as increasing the insulin-mediated peripheral glucose uptake.2
Glimepiride works by stimulating the secretion of insulin granules from pancreatic islet beta cells by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) and causing depolarization of the beta cells. Compared to glipizide, another second SU drug, glimepiride has a longer duration of action. It is sometimes classified as a third-generation SU because it has larger substitutions than other second-generation SUs.1 Compared to other SUs, glimepiride was associated with a lower risk of developing hypoglycemia and weight gain in clinical trials 2 as well as fewer cardiovascular effects than other SUs due to minimal effects on ischemic preconditioning of cardiac myocytes.1 It is effective in reducing fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and is considered to be a useful, cost-effective treatment option for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.1 Glimepiride was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States in 1995 for the treatment of T2DM. It is commonly marketed under the brand name Amaryl as oral tablets and is typically administered once daily.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Glimepiride (DB00222)
- Weight
- Average: 490.62
Monoisotopic: 490.224991385 - Chemical Formula
- C24H34N4O5S
- Synonyms
- Glimepirida
- Glimépiride
- Glimepiride
- Glimepiridum
- External IDs
- HOE 490
- HOE-490
- HOE490
Pharmacology
- Indication
Glimepiride is indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes in adults as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control as monotherapy.
It may also be indicated for use in combination with metformin or insulin to lower blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes whose high blood sugar levels cannot be controlled by diet and exercise in conjunction with an oral hypoglycemic (a drug used to lower blood sugar levels) agent alone.9
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used as adjunct in combination to manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus Regimen in combination with: Metformin (DB00331) •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• Management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus •••••••••••• Used as adjunct in combination to manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus Combination Product in combination with: Pioglitazone (DB01132) •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••• ••••••••• Used as adjunct in combination to manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus Combination Product in combination with: Rosiglitazone (DB00412) •••••••••••• Used as adjunct in combination to manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus Combination Product in combination with: Pioglitazone (DB01132) •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• •• ••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Glimepiride stimulates the secretion of insulin granules from the pancreatic beta cells and improves the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin to increase peripheral glucose uptake, thus reducing plasma blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. A multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of glimepiride (1–8 mg) as monotherapy titrated over 10 weeks compared with placebo in T2DM subjects who were not controlled by diet alone.1 In this study, there was a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) by 46 mg/dL, post-prandial glucose (PPG) by 72 mg/dL, and HbA1c by 1.4% more than the placebo.1 In another randomized study comprising of patients with T2DM receiving either placebo or one of the three doses (1, 4, or 8 mg) of glimepiride during a 14-week study period, all glimepiride regimens significantly reduced FPG, PPG, and HbA1c values (P < 0.001) compared to placebo by the end of the study period.1 The 4- and 8-mg doses of glimepiride were more effective than the 1-mg dose; however, the 4-mg dose provided a nearly maximal antihyperglycemic effect.1
- Mechanism of action
ATP-sensitive potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells that are gated by intracellular ATP and ADP. The hetero-octomeric complex of the channel is composed of four pore-forming Kir6.2 subunits and four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits. Alternative splicing allows the formation of channels composed of varying subunit isoforms expressed at different concentrations in different tissues.7 In pancreatic beta cells, ATP-sensitive potassium channels play a role as essential metabolic sensors and regulators that couple membrane excitability with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).6 When there is a decrease in the ATP:ADP ratio, the channels are activated and open, leading to K+ efflux from the cell, membrane hyperpolarization, and suppression of insulin secretion.6 In contrast, increased uptake of glucose into the cell leads to elevated intracellular ATP:ADP ratio, leading to the closure of channels and membrane depolarization. Depolarization leads to activation and opening of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and consequently an influx of calcium ions into the cell.6 Elevated intracellular calcium levels causes the contraction of the filaments of actomyosin responsible for the exocytosis of insulin granules stored in vesicles.3 Glimepiride blocks the ATP-sensitive potassium channel by binding non-specifically to the B sites of both sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR1) and sulfonylurea receptor-2A (SUR2A) subunits as well as the A site of SUR1 subunit of the channel to promote insulin secretion from the beta cell.3
Target Actions Organism AATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 inhibitorHumans AATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 inhibitorHumans AATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8 inducerHumans - Absorption
Glimepiride is completely absorbed after oral administration within 1 hour of administration with a linear pharmacokinetics profile.1 Following administration of a single oral dose of glimepiride in healthy subjects and with multiple oral doses with type 2 diabetes, the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were reached after 2 to 3 hours post-dose.8 Accumulation does not occur after multiple doses.1 When glimepiride was given with meals, the time to reach Cmax was increased by 12% while the mean and AUC (area under the curve) were decreased by 8 to 9%, respectively.9 In a pharmacokinetic study of Japanese patients with T2DM, Cmax value in once-daily dose was higher than those in twice-daily doses.5 The absolute bioavailability of glimepiride is reported to be complete following oral administration.4
- Volume of distribution
Following intravenous dosing in healthy subjects, the volume of distribution was 8.8 L (113 mL/kg).8
- Protein binding
Plasma protein binding of glimepiride is greater than 99.5%.8
- Metabolism
Glimepiride is reported to undergo hepatic metabolism. Following either an intravenous or oral dose, glimepiride undergoes oxidative biotransformation mediated by CYP2C9 enzyme to form a major metabolite, cyclohexyl hydroxymethyl derivative (M1), that is pharmacologically active. M1 can be further metabolized to the inactive metabolite carboxyl derivative (M2) by one or several cytosolic enzymes. M1 retained approximately one third of the pharmacologic activity of its parent in an animal model, with a half-life of 3-6 hours.3 However, whether the glucose-lowering effect of M1 is clinically significant is not clear.
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- Route of elimination
Following oral administration of glimepiride in healthy male subjects, approximately 60% of the total radioactivity was recovered in the urine in 7 days, with M1 and M2 accounting for 80-90% of the total radioactivity recovered in the urine. The ratio of M1 to M2 was approximately 3:2 in two subjects and 4:1 in one subject.8 Approximately 40% of the total radioactivity was recovered in feces where M1 and M2 accounted for about 70% of the radioactivity and a ratio of M1 to M2 being 1:3. No parent drug was recovered from urine or feces.8
- Half-life
The elimination half-life of glimepiride is approximately 5 to 8 hours,3 which can increase up to 9 hours following multiple doses.2
- Clearance
A single-dose, crossover, dose-proportionality (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg) study in normal subjects and from a single- and multiple-dose, parallel, dose proportionality (4 and 8 mg) study in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were performed. In these studies, the total body clearance was 52.1 +/- 16.0 mL/min, 48.5 +/- 29.3 mL/min in patients with T2D given a single oral dose, and 52.7 +/- 40.3 mL/min in patients with T2D given multiple oral doses.9 Following intravenous dosing in healthy subjects, the total body clearance was 47.8 mL/min.8
- Adverse Effects
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The oral LD50 value in rats is > 10000 mg/kg.MSDS The intraperitoneal LD50 value in rats is reported to be 3950 mg/kg MSDS. Although glimepiride is reported to have fewer risks of hypoglycemia compared to other sulfonylureas such as glyburide, overdosage of glimepiride may result in severe hypoglycemia with coma, seizure, or other neurological impairment may occur. This can be treated with glucagon or intravenous glucose. Continued observation and additional carbohydrate intake may be necessary since hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.8
In a study of rats given doses of up to 5000 parts per million (ppm) in complete feed for 30 months, there were no signs of carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, the administration of glimepiride at a dose much higher than the maximum human recommended dose for 24 months in mice resulted in an increase in benign pancreatic adenoma formation in a dose-related manner, which was thought to be the result of chronic pancreatic stimulation.8 Glimepiride was non-mutagenic in in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity studies. In male and female rat studies, glimepiride was shown to have no effects on fertility.8
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Interacting Gene/Enzyme Allele name Genotype(s) Defining Change(s) Type(s) Description Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Villeurbanne Not Available 1000_1002delACC ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Torun Not Available 1006A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Sunderland Not Available 105_107delCAT ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Iwatsuki Not Available 1081G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Serres Not Available 1082C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Tondela Not Available 1084_1101delCTGAACGAGCGCAAGGCC ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Loma Linda Not Available 1089C->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Aachen Not Available 1089C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Tenri Not Available 1096A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Montpellier Not Available 1132G>A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Calvo Mackenna Not Available 1138A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Riley Not Available 1139T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Olomouc Not Available 1141T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Tomah Not Available 1153T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Lynwood Not Available 1154G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Madrid Not Available 1155C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Iowa, Walter Reed, Springfield Not Available 1156A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Beverly Hills, Genova, Iwate, Niigata, Yamaguchi Not Available 1160G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Hartford Not Available 1162A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Praha Not Available 1166A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Krakow Not Available 1175T>C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Wisconsin Not Available 1177C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Nashville, Anaheim, Portici Not Available 1178G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Alhambra Not Available 1180G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Bari Not Available 1187C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Puerto Limon Not Available 1192G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Covao do Lobo Not Available 1205C>A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Clinic Not Available 1215G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Utrecht Not Available 1225C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Suwalki Not Available 1226C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Riverside Not Available 1228G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Japan, Shinagawa Not Available 1229G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Kawasaki Not Available 1229G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Munich Not Available 1231A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Georgia Not Available 1284C->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Sumare Not Available 1292T->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Telti/Kobe Not Available 1318C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Santiago de Cuba, Morioka Not Available 1339G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Harima Not Available 1358T->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Figuera da Foz Not Available 1366G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Amiens Not Available 1367A>T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Bangkok Noi Not Available 1376G->T, 1502T->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Fukaya Not Available 1462G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Campinas Not Available 1463G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Buenos Aires Not Available 1465C>T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Arakawa Not Available 1466C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Brighton Not Available 1488_1490delGAA ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Kozukata Not Available 159G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Amsterdam Not Available 180_182delTCT ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase No name Not Available 202G->A, 376A->G, 1264C>G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Swansea Not Available 224T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Urayasu Not Available 281_283delAGA ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Vancouver Not Available 317C->G544C->T592C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Mt Sinai Not Available 376A->G, 1159C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Plymouth Not Available 488G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Volendam Not Available 514C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Shinshu Not Available 527A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Chikugo Not Available 535A->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Tsukui Not Available 561_563delCTC ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Pedoplis-Ckaro Not Available 573C>G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Santiago Not Available 593G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Minnesota, Marion, Gastonia, LeJeune Not Available 637G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cincinnati Not Available 637G->T, 1037A->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Harilaou Not Available 648T->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase North Dallas Not Available 683_685delACA ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Asahikawa Not Available 695G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Durham Not Available 713A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Stonybrook Not Available 724_729delGGCACT ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Wayne Not Available 769C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Aveiro Not Available 806G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cleveland Corum Not Available 820G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Lille Not Available 821A>T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Bangkok Not Available 825G>C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Sugao Not Available 826C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase La Jolla Not Available 832T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Wexham Not Available 833C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Piotrkow Not Available 851T>C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase West Virginia Not Available 910G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Omiya Not Available 921G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Nara Not Available 953_976delCCACCAAAGGGTACCTGGAC GACC ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Manhattan Not Available 962G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Rehevot Not Available 964T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Honiara Not Available 99A->G / 1360C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Tokyo, Fukushima Not Available 1246G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Chatham Not Available 1003G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Fushan Not Available 1004C->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Partenope Not Available 1052G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ierapetra Not Available 1057C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Anadia Not Available 1193A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Abeno Not Available 1220A->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Surabaya Not Available 1291G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Pawnee Not Available 1316G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase S. Antioco Not Available 1342A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cassano Not Available 1347G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Hermoupolis Not Available 1347G->C / 1360C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Union,Maewo, Chinese-2, Kalo Not Available 1360C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Andalus Not Available 1361G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cosenza Not Available 1376G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Canton, Taiwan- Hakka, Gifu-like, Agrigento-like Not Available 1376G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Flores Not Available 1387C->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Kaiping, Anant, Dhon, Sapporo-like, Wosera Not Available 1388G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Kamogawa Not Available 169C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Costanzo Not Available 179T>C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Amazonia Not Available 185C->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Songklanagarind Not Available 196T->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Hechi Not Available 202G->A / 871G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Namouru Not Available 208T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Bao Loc Not Available 352T>C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Crispim Not Available 375G->T, 379G->T383T->C384C>T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Acrokorinthos Not Available 376A->G / 463C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Santa Maria Not Available 376A->G / 542A->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ananindeua Not Available 376A->G / 871G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Vanua Lava Not Available 383T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Valladolid Not Available 406C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Belem Not Available 409C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Liuzhou Not Available 442G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Shenzen Not Available 473G>A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Taipei ‚ÄúChinese- 3‚Äù Not Available 493A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Toledo Not Available 496C>T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Naone Not Available 497G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Nankang Not Available 517T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Miaoli Not Available 519C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Mediterranean, Dallas, Panama‚ Sassari, Cagliari, Birmingham Not Available 563C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Coimbra Shunde Not Available 592C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Nilgiri Not Available 593G>A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Radlowo Not Available 679C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Roubaix Not Available 811G>C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Haikou Not Available 835A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Chinese-1 Not Available 835A->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Mizushima Not Available 848A>G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Osaka Not Available 853C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Viangchan, Jammu Not Available 871G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Seoul Not Available 916G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ludhiana Not Available 929G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Farroupilha Not Available 977C->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Chinese-5 Not Available 1024C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Rignano Not Available 130G>A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Orissa Not Available 131C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase G6PDNice Not Available 1380G>C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Kamiube, Keelung Not Available 1387C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Neapolis Not Available 1400C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Aures Not Available 143T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Split Not Available 1442C->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Kambos Not Available 148C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Palestrina Not Available 170G>A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Metaponto Not Available 172G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Musashino Not Available 185C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Asahi Not Available 202G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase A- (202), Ferrara I Not Available 202G->A / 376A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Murcia Oristano Not Available 209A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ube Konan Not Available 241C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Lagosanto Not Available 242G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Guangzhou Not Available 274C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Hammersmith Not Available 323T->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Sinnai Not Available 34G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase A- (680) Not Available 376A->G / 680G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase A- (968), Betica,Selma, Guantanamo Not Available 376A->G / 968T->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Salerno Pyrgos Not Available 383T>G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Quing Yan Not Available 392G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Lages Not Available 40G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ilesha Not Available 466G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Mahidol Not Available 487G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Malaga Not Available 542A->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Sibari Not Available 634A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Mexico City Not Available 680G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Nanning Not Available 703C->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Seattle, Lodi, Modena, Ferrara II, Athens-like Not Available 844G->C ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Bajo Maumere Not Available 844G->T ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Montalbano Not Available 854G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Kalyan-Kerala, Jamnaga, Rohini Not Available 949G->A ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Gaohe Not Available 95A->G ADR Inferred Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. Details
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbatacept The metabolism of Glimepiride can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abrocitinib The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Glimepiride. Acarbose The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Glimepiride is combined with Acarbose. Acebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of Glimepiride can be increased when used in combination with Acebutolol. Aceclofenac The protein binding of Glimepiride can be decreased when combined with Aceclofenac. - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol. Acute and chronic alcohol intake may unpredictably affect the glucose-lowering action of glimepiride.
- Take with food. The manufacturer recommends administration with the first meal of the day.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- GLIMPID (Ranbaxy Laboratories) / GLIMY (Dr.Reddy's Labs)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Amaryl Tablet 1 mg Oral Sanofi Aventis 2002-03-12 2018-07-31 Canada 
Amaryl Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC 2009-06-18 2023-08-31 US 
Amaryl Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2000-11-24 2011-06-30 US Amaryl Tablet 4 mg Oral Sanofi Aventis 2002-03-12 2018-06-07 Canada Amaryl Tablet 4 mg/1 Oral sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC 2009-06-18 2023-08-31 US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Apo-glimepiride Tablet 2 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2007-09-29 Not applicable Canada Apo-glimepiride Tablet 1 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2007-09-29 Not applicable Canada Apo-glimepiride Tablet 4 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2007-09-29 Not applicable Canada Glimepiride Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral Carlsbad Technology, Inc. 2012-01-01 Not applicable US Glimepiride Tablet 4 mg/1 Oral Liberty Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2012-01-01 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image AMARYL M 2 MG/1000 MG FİLM KAPLI TABLET, 30 ADET Glimepiride (2 mg) + Metformin hydrochloride (1000 mg) Tablet, coated Oral SANOFİ SAĞLIK ÜRÜNLERİ LTD. ŞTİ. 2018-03-21 2021-12-30 Turkey 
AMARYL M 4 MG/1000 MG FİLM KAPLI TABLET, 30 ADET Glimepiride (4 mg) + Metformin hydrochloride (1000 mg) Tablet, coated Oral SANOFİ SAĞLIK ÜRÜNLERİ LTD. ŞTİ. 2018-03-21 2021-12-30 Turkey AMARYL M SR (TABLET 2/500 MG) Glimepiride (2 MG) + Metformin (500 MG) Tablet, extended release Oral บริษัท ซาโนฟี่-อเวนตีส (ประเทศไทย) จำกัด 2014-03-31 Not applicable Thailand 
AMARYL®M 2MG/1000MG Glimepiride (2 mg) + Metformin hydrochloride (1000 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral LABORATORIOS SILANES. S.A. DE C.V. MEXICO 2008-10-09 Not applicable Colombia 
AMARYL®M 4 MG/ 1000 MG Glimepiride (4 mg) + Metformin hydrochloride (1000 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral LABORATORIOS SILANES. S.A. DE C.V. MEXICO 2008-10-10 Not applicable Colombia
Categories
- ATC Codes
- A10BD04 — Glimepiride and rosiglitazone
- A10BD — Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
- A10B — BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A10BB — Sulfonylureas
- A10B — BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Amides
- Blood Glucose Lowering Agents
- BSEP/ABCB11 Substrates
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs Used in Diabetes
- Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Insulin Secretagogues
- Oral Hypoglycemics
- Sulfones
- Sulfonylureas
- Sulfur Compounds
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzenesulfonamides. These are organic compounds containing a sulfonamide group that is S-linked to a benzene ring.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Benzenesulfonamides
- Direct Parent
- Benzenesulfonamides
- Alternative Parents
- Benzenesulfonyl compounds / Pyrroline carboxylic acids and derivatives / Sulfonylureas / N-acyl ureas / Organosulfonic acids and derivatives / Dicarboximides / Aminosulfonyl compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides show 2 more
- Substituents
- Aminosulfonyl compound / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenesulfonamide / Benzenesulfonyl group / Carbonic acid derivative / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Dicarboximide / Hydrocarbon derivative show 17 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- sulfonamide, N-sulfonylurea, N-acylurea (CHEBI:5383)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 6KY687524K
- CAS number
- 93479-97-1
- InChI Key
- WIGIZIANZCJQQY-RUCARUNLSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C24H34N4O5S/c1-4-21-17(3)15-28(22(21)29)24(31)25-14-13-18-7-11-20(12-8-18)34(32,33)27-23(30)26-19-9-5-16(2)6-10-19/h7-8,11-12,16,19H,4-6,9-10,13-15H2,1-3H3,(H,25,31)(H2,26,27,30)/t16-,19-
- IUPAC Name
- 3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-N-(2-{4-[({[(1r,4r)-4-methylcyclohexyl]carbamoyl}amino)sulfonyl]phenyl}ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide
- SMILES
- CCC1=C(C)CN(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N[C@H]2CC[C@H](C)CC2)C1=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Suresh Kadam, Venkatasubramanian Tarur, Sanjay Naik, Sachin Gavhane, "Process for preparation of substantially pure glimepiride." U.S. Patent US20070082943, issued April 12, 2007.
US20070082943- General References
- Basit A, Riaz M, Fawwad A: Glimepiride: evidence-based facts, trends, and observations (GIFTS). [corrected]. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2012;8:463-72. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S33194. Epub 2012 Aug 15. [Article]
- Massi-Benedetti M: Glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the worldwide therapeutic experience. Clin Ther. 2003 Mar;25(3):799-816. [Article]
- Sola D, Rossi L, Schianca GP, Maffioli P, Bigliocca M, Mella R, Corliano F, Fra GP, Bartoli E, Derosa G: Sulfonylureas and their use in clinical practice. Arch Med Sci. 2015 Aug 12;11(4):840-8. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2015.53304. Epub 2015 Aug 11. [Article]
- Badian M, Korn A, Lehr KH, Malerczyk V, Waldhausl W: Absolute bioavailability of glimepiride (Amaryl) after oral administration. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 1994;11(4):331-9. [Article]
- Matsuki M, Matsuda M, Kohara K, Shimoda M, Kanda Y, Tawaramoto K, Shigetoh M, Kawasaki F, Kotani K, Kaku K: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glimepiride in type 2 diabetic patients: compared effects of once- versus twice-daily dosing. Endocr J. 2007 Aug;54(4):571-6. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [Article]
- Koster JC, Permutt MA, Nichols CG: Diabetes and insulin secretion: the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K ATP) connection. Diabetes. 2005 Nov;54(11):3065-72. [Article]
- Shi NQ, Ye B, Makielski JC: Function and distribution of the SUR isoforms and splice variants. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005 Jul;39(1):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.11.024. Epub 2005 Feb 5. [Article]
- AMARYL (glimepiride) FDA Label [Link]
- Health Canada Product Monograph: Sandoz Glimepiride tablets for oral use [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D00593
- KEGG Compound
- C07669
- PubChem Compound
- 3476
- PubChem Substance
- 46508842
- ChemSpider
- 16740595
- BindingDB
- 50237590
- 25789
- ChEBI
- 5383
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1481
- ZINC
- ZINC000100070954
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000132
- PharmGKB
- PA449761
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Glimepiride
- MSDS
- Download (305 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Prevention Cardiovascular Risk / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Treatment Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Treatment Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Treatment Diabetes 1 4 Completed Treatment Diabetes Mellitus 2
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Sanofi aventis us llc
- Accord healthcare inc
- Carlsbad technology inc
- Corepharma llc
- Dr reddys laboratories ltd
- Genpharm inc
- Invagen pharmaceuticals inc
- Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
- Ranbaxy laboratories ltd
- Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
- Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
- Watson laboratories inc
- Watson laboratories inc florida
- Packagers
- Accord Healthcare
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- Cardinal Health
- Carlsbad Technology Inc.
- Cobalt Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Corepharma LLC
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- Doctor Reddys Laboratories Ltd.
- Heartland Repack Services LLC
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
- International Laboratories Inc.
- InvaGen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Mylan
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Perrigo Co.
- Pharmacy Service Center
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Prasco Labs
- Prepak Systems Inc.
- Ranbaxy Laboratories
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
- Sandoz
- Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Stat Scripts LLC
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- UDL Laboratories
- Vangard Labs Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet Oral 2.00 MG Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 1.00 mg Tablet Oral 2.000 mg Tablet Oral 6 MG Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 1 mg/1 Tablet Oral 2 mg/1 Tablet Oral 3 mg/1 Tablet Oral 4 mg/1 Tablet Oral 6 mg/1 Tablet Oral 8 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet Oral 1 mg Tablet Oral 3 mg Tablet Oral 4 mg Tablet, coated Oral Tablet Oral 8 mg Tablet, orally disintegrating Oral 1 Mg Tablet Oral 2 MG - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Amaryl 4 mg tablet 2.11USD tablet Amaryl 2 mg tablet 1.25USD tablet Glimepiride 4 mg tablet 1.25USD tablet Amaryl 1 mg tablet 0.88USD tablet Glimepiride 2 mg tablet 0.67USD tablet Glimepiride 1 mg tablet 0.42USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6150383 No 2000-11-21 2016-06-19 US US6211205 No 2001-04-03 2016-06-19 US US6303640 No 2001-10-16 2016-08-09 US US6329404 No 2001-12-11 2016-06-19 US US8071130 No 2011-12-06 2028-06-08 US US7538125 No 2009-05-26 2016-06-19 US US7700128 No 2010-04-20 2027-01-30 US US7358366 Yes 2008-04-15 2020-10-19 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 207 MSDS water solubility Partly miscible MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0384 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.82 ALOGPS logP 3.12 Chemaxon logS -4.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.32 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3.7 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 124.68 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 6 Chemaxon Refractivity 129.8 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 53.49 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.986 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.7322 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6809 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7501 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.6556 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.6124 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8241 CYP450 2C9 substrate Substrate 0.5661 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5978 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8949 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8309 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8599 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6392 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7301 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.68 Rat acute toxicity 2.4158 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.7714 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8263
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 221.459989 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 214.3809 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 221.800389 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 216.6406 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 221.417289 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 222.55315 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
- Specific Function
- This receptor is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage ...
- Gene Name
- KCNJ11
- Uniprot ID
- Q14654
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11
- Molecular Weight
- 43540.375 Da
References
- Song DK, Ashcroft FM: Glimepiride block of cloned beta-cell, cardiac and smooth muscle K(ATP) channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 May;133(1):193-9. [Article]
- Lawrence CL, Rainbow RD, Davies NW, Standen NB: Effect of metabolic inhibition on glimepiride block of native and cloned cardiac sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(5):746-52. [Article]
- Bataille D: [Molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion]. Diabetes Metab. 2002 Dec;28(6 Suppl):4S7-13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
- Specific Function
- In the kidney, probably plays a major role in potassium homeostasis. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than...
- Gene Name
- KCNJ1
- Uniprot ID
- P48048
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1
- Molecular Weight
- 44794.6 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Proks P, Reimann F, Green N, Gribble F, Ashcroft F: Sulfonylurea stimulation of insulin secretion. Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51 Suppl 3:S368-76. [Article]
- Bataille D: [Molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion]. Diabetes Metab. 2002 Dec;28(6 Suppl):4S7-13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Sulfonylurea receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). Regulator of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and insulin release.
- Gene Name
- ABCC8
- Uniprot ID
- Q09428
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 176990.36 Da
References
- Muller G, Hartz D, Punter J, Okonomopulos R, Kramer W: Differential interaction of glimepiride and glibenclamide with the beta-cell sulfonylurea receptor. I. Binding characteristics. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 May 11;1191(2):267-77. [Article]
- Kramer W, Muller G, Geisen K: Characterization of the molecular mode of action of the sulfonylurea, glimepiride, at beta-cells. Horm Metab Res. 1996 Sep;28(9):464-8. [Article]
- Kramer W, Muller G, Girbig F, Gutjahr U, Kowalewski S, Hartz D, Summ HD: The molecular interaction of sulfonylureas with beta-cell ATP-sensitive K(+)-channels. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995 Aug;28 Suppl:S67-80. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
- Gene Name
- ABCB11
- Uniprot ID
- O95342
- Uniprot Name
- Bile salt export pump
- Molecular Weight
- 146405.83 Da
References
- Pedersen JM, Matsson P, Bergstrom CA, Hoogstraate J, Noren A, LeCluyse EL, Artursson P: Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft197. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55