Identification
- Summary
Gadodiamide is a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with contrasted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and visualize lesions and abnormal vascularity.
- Brand Names
- Omniscan
- Generic Name
- Gadodiamide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00225
- Background
Gadodiamide is a linear, non-ionic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) that is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures to assist in the visualization of blood vessels.1,2 GBCAs constitute the largest group of MR agents, and they are thought to be safer than nonionic iodinated contrast agents.3 Approved by the FDA in 1993, gadodiamide is the first non-ionic GBCA to be used.4 However, since linear, non-ionic GBCA is less stable than macrocyclic or ionic GBCA, gadodiamide can potentially lead to more gadolinium retention in the brain and thus more likely to cause side effects.5
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Gadodiamide (DB00225)
- Weight
- Average: 573.66
Monoisotopic: 574.10225 - Chemical Formula
- C16H26GdN5O8
- Synonyms
- Gadodiamida
- Gadodiamide
- Gadodiamide anhydrous
- External IDs
- S-041
Pharmacology
- Indication
Gadodiamide is indicated for the visualization of lesions with abnormal vascularity in the brain (intracranial lesions), spine, and associated tissues and the body (including the thoracic (noncardiac), abdominal, pelvic cavities, and retroperitoneal space) by the FDA and Health Canada.7,6 Additionally, gadoliamide is approved by Health Canada to detect and localize tenosis in renal arteries and aorto-iliac arteries in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).7
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Diagnostic agent Cns abnormal vascularity •••••••••••• •••••• ••••••••• ••••••••• Diagnostic agent Cns abnormal vascularity •••••••••••• ••••••••• Diagnostic agent Stenosis •••••••••••• ••••••••• Diagnostic agent Abnormal vascularity •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••• Diagnostic agent Abnormal vascularity •••••••••••• ••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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In magnetic resonance imaging, visualization of normal and pathologic tissue depends in part on variations in the radiofrequency signal intensity. These variations occur due to: changes in proton density; alteration of the spinlattice or longitudinal relaxation time (T1); and variation of the spin-spin or transverse relaxation time (T2). Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic agent with unpaired electron spins which generate a local magnetic field. As water protons move through this local magnetic field, the changes in the magnetic field experienced by the protons reorient them with the main magnetic field more quickly than in the absence of a paramagnetic agent.6
By increasing the relaxation rate, gadodiamide decreases both the T1 and T2 relaxation times in tissues where it is distributed. At clinical doses, the effect is primarily on the T1 relaxation time and produces an increase in signal intensity. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier or abnormal vascularity allows the accumulation of gadodiamide in lesions such as neoplasms, abscesses, and subacute infarcts. The pharmacokinetic parameters of gadodiamide in various lesions are not known.6
- Mechanism of action
Gadodiamide paramagnetic molecule that develops a magnetic moment when placed in a magnetic field. The magnetic moment alters the relaxation rates of water protons in its vicinity in the body. Its use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to selectively increase contrast in tissues where gadodiamide accumulates.6
- Absorption
The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered gadodiamide in normal subjects conforms to an open, two-compartment model.6
- Volume of distribution
The volume of distribution of gadodiamide (200 ± 61 mL/kg) is equivalent to that of extracellular water. Following GBCA administration, gadolinium is present for months or years in the brain, bone, skin, and other organs.6
- Protein binding
Gadodiamide does not bind to human serum proteins in vitro.6
- Metabolism
There is no detectable biotransformation or decomposition of gadodiamide.
- Route of elimination
Gadodiamide is eliminated primarily in the urine with 95.4 ± 5.5% (mean ± SD) of the administered dose eliminated by 24 hours.6
- Half-life
The mean distribution and elimination half-lives (reported as mean ± SD) were calculated to be of 3.7 ± 2.7 minutes and 77.8 ± 16 minutes, respectively.6
- Clearance
The renal and plasma clearance rates of gadodiamide are nearly identical (1.7 and 1.8 mL/min/kg, respectively), and are similar to that of substances excreted primarily by glomerular filtration.6
- Adverse Effects
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GBCAs cross the human placenta and result in fetal exposure and gadolinium retention. The human data on the association between GBCAs and adverse fetal outcomes are limited and inconclusive. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse fetal effects were observed with the administration of gadodiamide to pregnant rats during organogenesis at doses 1.3 times the maximum human dose based on body surface area. Because of the potential risks of gadolinium to the fetus, use gadodiamide only if imaging is essential during pregnancy and cannot be delayed.6
Clinical consequences of overdose with gadodiamide have not been reported. The minimum lethal dose of intravenously administered gadodiamide in rats and mice is greater than 20 mmol/kg (200 times the recommended human dose of 0.1 mmol/kg; 67 times the cumulative 0.3 mmol/kg dose). Gadodiamide is dialyzable.6
Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of gadodiamide. The results of the following genotoxicity assays were negative: in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)/Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase (HGPT) forward mutation assay, in vitro CHO chromosome aberration assay, and the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay at intravenous doses of 27 mmol/kg (approximately 7 times the maximum human dose based on a body surface area comparison). Impairment of male or female fertility was not observed in rats after intravenous administration three times per week at the maximum dose tested of 1.0 mmol/kg (approximately 0.5 times the maximum human dose based on a body surface area comparison).6
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Gadodiamide may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Gadodiamide which could result in a higher serum level. Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Gadodiamide which could result in a higher serum level. Acetaminophen Gadodiamide may decrease the excretion rate of Acetaminophen which could result in a higher serum level. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Gadodiamide which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Gadodiamide hydrate 0RPE15QPL0 122795-43-1 WYKPQCVMUQQKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-K - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Omniscan Injection 287 mg/1mL Intravenous GE Healthcare Inc. 2002-04-19 Not applicable US 
Omniscan Injection 287 mg/1mL Intravenous GE Healthcare Inc. 2006-09-21 2019-11-30 US Omniscan Solution 287 mg / mL Intravenous Ge Healthcare 1997-03-25 Not applicable Canada 
Omniscan Liq IV 287mg/ml Liquid 287 mg / mL Intravenous Sanofi 1994-12-31 1997-07-30 Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- V08CA03 — Gadodiamide
- Drug Categories
- Acetates
- Acids, Acyclic
- Amines
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Contrast Media
- Coordination Complexes
- Diagnostic Uses of Chemicals
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Injections, Intravenous
- Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Media
- Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
- Other Diagnostics
- Paramagnetic Contrast Agent
- Paramagnetic Contrast Media
- Polyamines
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acid amides. These are amide derivatives of alpha amino acids.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Alpha amino acid amides
- Alternative Parents
- Alpha amino acids / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives / Trialkylamines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Carboxylic acid salts / Amino acids / Carboxylic acids / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic zwitterions / Organic salts show 3 more
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alpha-amino acid / Alpha-amino acid amide / Amine / Amino acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid salt / Hydrocarbon derivative show 12 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- gadolinium coordination entity (CHEBI:37333)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 84F6U3J2R6
- CAS number
- 131410-48-5
- InChI Key
- HZHFFEYYPYZMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-K
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C16H29N5O8.Gd/c1-17-12(22)7-20(10-15(26)27)5-3-19(9-14(24)25)4-6-21(11-16(28)29)8-13(23)18-2;/h3-11H2,1-2H3,(H,17,22)(H,18,23)(H,24,25)(H,26,27)(H,28,29);/q;+3/p-3
- IUPAC Name
- gadolinium(3+) 2-[bis({2-[(carboxylatomethyl)[(methylcarbamoyl)methyl]amino]ethyl})amino]acetate
- SMILES
- [Gd+3].CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC(=O)NC)CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O
References
- General References
- Ichikawa S, Omiya Y, Onishi H, Motosugi U: Linear gadolinium-based contrast agent (gadodiamide and gadopentetate dimeglumine)-induced high signal intensity on unenhanced T(1) -weighted images in pediatric patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 Apr;49(4):1046-1052. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26311. Epub 2018 Oct 11. [Article]
- Aslanian V, Lemaignen H, Bunouf P, Svaland MG, Borseth A, Lundby B: Evaluation of the clinical safety of gadodiamide injection, a new nonionic MRI contrast medium for the central nervous system: a European perspective. Neuroradiology. 1996 Aug;38(6):537-41. doi: 10.1007/BF00626092. [Article]
- Runge VM: Safety of approved MR contrast media for intravenous injection. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000 Aug;12(2):205-13. doi: 10.1002/1522-2586(200008)12:2<205::aid-jmri1>3.0.co;2-p. [Article]
- Pierre VC, Allen MJ, Caravan P: Contrast agents for MRI: 30+ years and where are we going? J Biol Inorg Chem. 2014 Feb;19(2):127-31. doi: 10.1007/s00775-013-1074-5. Epub 2014 Jan 11. [Article]
- Robert P, Violas X, Grand S, Lehericy S, Idee JM, Ballet S, Corot C: Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Are Associated With Brain Gadolinium Retention in Healthy Rats. Invest Radiol. 2016 Feb;51(2):73-82. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000241. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: OMNISCANTM (gadodiamide) Injection for Intravenous Use (Feb 2024) [Link]
- Product Monograph: OMNISCAN (Gadodiamide) Intravenous Injection [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 24847884
- PubChem Substance
- 46504789
- ChemSpider
- 135661
- 41144
- ChEBI
- 37333
- PharmGKB
- PA164784027
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Gadodiamide
- MSDS
- Download (56.3 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / Impaired Renal Function 1 4 Recruiting Other Cognitive Functioning / Contrast Medium / Motor Function 1 4 Recruiting Supportive Care Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy 1 3 Completed Diagnostic Anatomic renal artery stenosis 1 3 Completed Diagnostic Aorto-Iliac Stenosis / Arterial Occlusive Diseases 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Ge healthcare
- Packagers
- Amersham Health Inc.
- GE Healthcare Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Intravenous 287 mg/ml Injection Intravenous Injection Intravenous 287 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous Solution Intravenous 287 mg / mL Solution Intravenous 287 mg/1ml Injection Intravenous 0.5 mmol/ml Injection, solution Intravenous 0.5 mmol/ml Liquid Intravenous 287 mg / mL Solution Intravenous 287 mg Solution Intravenous 28700000 mg Solution Intravenous - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Omniscan prefill plus syringe 7.02USD ml Omniscan 287 mg/ml vial 6.98USD ml Omniscan 287 mg/ml bottle 6.49USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5560903 No 1996-10-01 2013-10-01 US US5362475 No 1994-11-08 2011-11-08 US CA1335819 No 1995-06-06 2012-06-06 Canada
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 5.21 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.02 ALOGPS logP -8.7 Chemaxon logS -2.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 1.02 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 8.34 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 11 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 188.31 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 16 Chemaxon Refractivity 132.4 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 40.47 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.9808 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.62 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5605 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7041 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9016 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9571 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9031 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8265 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8189 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5872 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9416 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9189 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9566 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8972 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9864 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9927 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8343 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8563 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.7604 Rat acute toxicity 1.9159 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9582 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9424
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-0229-4329100000-8bd2705c0b6e524d965a - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55