Identification
- Summary
Ropivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic used for local or regional anesthesia during surgery and for short-term management of acute pain.
- Brand Names
- Naropin
- Generic Name
- Ropivacaine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00296
- Background
Ropivacaine is an aminoamide local anesthetic drug marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Naropin. It exists as a racemate of its S- and R-enantiomers, although the marketed form is supplied only as the purified S-enantiomer.2
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Ropivacaine (DB00296)
- Weight
- Average: 274.4011
Monoisotopic: 274.204513464 - Chemical Formula
- C17H26N2O
- Synonyms
- (S)-(−)-1-propyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide
- (S)-ropivacaine
- L-N-n-propylpipecolic acid-2,6-xylidide
- Ropivacaina
- Ropivacaine
- Ropivacainum
Pharmacology
- Indication
Ropivacaine is indicated in adult patients for the induction of regional or local anesthesia for surgery or acute pain management.2
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Acute pain •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••• Management of Postoperative pain •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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In contrast to most other local anesthetics, the presence of epinephrine does not affect the time of onset, duration of action, or the systemic absorption of ropivacaine.2
- Mechanism of action
Local anesthetics like ropivacaine block the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. Specifically, they block the sodium channel and decrease chances of depolarization and consequent action potentials. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers.
Target Actions Organism ASodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics are highly dependent on the dose, route of administration, and patient condition. Following epidural administration ropivacaine undergoes complete and biphasic absorption.2
- Volume of distribution
Following intravascular infusion, ropivacaine has a steady-state volume of distribution of 41 ± 7 liters.2 Ropivacaine is able to readily cross the placenta.2
- Protein binding
Ropivacaine is 94% protein-bound in plasma, primarily to α1-acid glycoprotein.2
- Metabolism
Ropivacaine undergoes extensive metabolism, primarily via CYP1A2-mediated aromatic hydroxylation to 3-OH-ropivacaine.2 The main metabolites excreted in the urine are the N-dealkylated metabolite (PPX) and 3-OH-ropivacaine. Other identified metabolites include 4-OH-ropivacaine, the 3-hydroxy-N-dealkylated (3-OH-PPX) and 4-hydroxy-N-dealkylated (4-OH-PPX) metabolites, and 2-hydroxy-methyl-ropivacaine (which has been identified but not quantified).2
Unbound PPX, 3-hydroxy-, and 4-hydroxy-ropivacaine have demonstrated pharmacological activity in animal models less than that of ropivacaine.2
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- Route of elimination
Following intravenous administration, 86% of the administered dose of ropivacaine is excreted in the urine, 1% of which comprises unchanged parent drug.2
- Half-life
The mean terminal half-life of ropivacaine is 1.8 ± 0.7 hours after intravascular administration and 4.2 ± 1 hour after epidural administration.2
- Clearance
Following intravenous administration, ropivacaine has a mean plasma clearance of 387 ± 107 mL/min, an unbound plasma clearance of 7.2 ± 1.6 L/min, and a renal clearance of 1 mL/min.2
- Adverse Effects
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High systemic doses of ropivacaine can result in central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects, with the CNS effects usually occurring at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects occurring at higher concentrations (although cardiovascular collapse may occur at lower concentrations). CNS effects include CNS excitation involving nervousness, tingling around the mouth, tinnitus, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, and seizures. CNS depressant effects may follow, associated with drowsiness, loss of consciousness, respiratory depression and apnea. Cardiovascular events may be caused by hypoxemia secondary to respiratory depression and include hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and/or cardiac arrest.2,3
- Pathways
Pathway Category Ropivacaine Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Ropivacaine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abacavir Ropivacaine may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abaloparatide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ropivacaine is combined with Abaloparatide. Abametapir The serum concentration of Ropivacaine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Ropivacaine can be increased when combined with Abatacept. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Ropivacaine hydrochloride V910P86109 132112-35-7 VSHFRHVKMYGBJL-CKUXDGONSA-N Ropivacaine hydrochloride anhydrous 35504LBE2T 98717-15-8 NDNSIBYYUOEUSV-RSAXXLAASA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Naropin Injection, solution 2 mg/1mL Epidural; Infiltration Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 1996-09-24 Not applicable US 
Naropin Solution 10 mg / mL Epidural Aspen Pharmacare Canada Inc. 1997-04-30 Not applicable Canada 
Naropin Injection, solution 10 mg/1mL Epidural Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 1996-09-24 Not applicable US Naropin Solution 5 mg / mL Epidural; Infiltration Aspen Pharmacare Canada Inc. 1997-04-30 Not applicable Canada Naropin Injection, solution 7.5 mg/1mL Epidural; Perineural Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 1996-09-24 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, solution 2 mg/1mL Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural Akorn 2018-03-16 Not applicable US Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Epidural Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. 2020-07-20 Not applicable US Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Epidural Somerset Therapeutics, Llc 2018-06-15 Not applicable US Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection 5 mg/1mL Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural Caplin Steriles Limited 2024-01-04 Not applicable US Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, solution 10 mg/1mL Parenteral Sandoz 2014-07-24 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Dexopin Ropivacaine hydrochloride (5 mg/1mL) + Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (10 mg/1mL) + Povidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) Kit Topical Asclemed Usa, Inc. 2019-06-10 Not applicable US Ropidex Ropivacaine hydrochloride (5 mg/1mL) + Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (10 mg/1mL) + Povidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) Kit Epidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical Asclemed Usa, Inc. 2019-06-10 Not applicable US Ropivacaine HCl Ropivacaine hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Epidural Cantrell Drug Company 2012-05-29 2015-01-14 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N01BB09 — Ropivacaine
- Drug Categories
- Amides
- Amines
- Anesthetics
- Anesthetics, Local
- Anilides
- Aniline Compounds
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Hypotensive Agents
- Local Anesthesia
- Local Anesthetics (Amide)
- Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
- Nervous System
- Neuraxial Anesthetics
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Sensory System Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acid amides. These are amide derivatives of alpha amino acids.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Alpha amino acid amides
- Alternative Parents
- Piperidinecarboxamides / Anilides / m-Xylenes / N-arylamides / Trialkylamines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives show 1 more
- Substituents
- 2-piperidinecarboxamide / Alpha-amino acid amide / Amine / Anilide / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Hydrocarbon derivative show 16 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- piperidinecarboxamide, ropivacaine (CHEBI:8890)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 7IO5LYA57N
- CAS number
- 84057-95-4
- InChI Key
- ZKMNUMMKYBVTFN-HNNXBMFYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H26N2O/c1-4-11-19-12-6-5-10-15(19)17(20)18-16-13(2)8-7-9-14(16)3/h7-9,15H,4-6,10-12H2,1-3H3,(H,18,20)/t15-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2S)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-propylpiperidine-2-carboxamide
- SMILES
- CCCN1CCCC[C@H]1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C
References
- Synthesis Reference
Peter Jaksch, "Process for the preparation of ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate." U.S. Patent US5959112, issued February, 1970.
US5959112- General References
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014441
- KEGG Compound
- C07532
- PubChem Compound
- 175805
- PubChem Substance
- 46504712
- ChemSpider
- 153165
- BindingDB
- 50239375
- 35780
- ChEBI
- 8890
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1077896
- ZINC
- ZINC000000897002
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001230
- PharmGKB
- PA451271
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Ropivacaine
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Prevention Postoperative pain 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Hip Dysplasia / Postoperative pain / Regional Anesthesia therapy 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Hypospadias / Urethrocutaneous Fistulas 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Knee Disease / Knee Pain Chronic / Osteoarthritis of the Knee 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Traumatic Rib Fracture(s) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- App pharmaceuticals llc
- Packagers
- APP Pharmaceuticals
- Astra Pharma Inc.
- AstraZeneca Inc.
- Pharmakon
- Pharmedium
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Epidural 52.898 mg Solution Epidural 42.32 mg Solution Epidural 42.319 mg Kit Topical Injection Epidural; Perineural Injection, solution Epidural; Infiltration 2 mg/1mL Injection, solution Parenteral 10 mg/ml Injection, solution Parenteral 2 mg/ml Injection, solution Parenteral 5 mg/ml Injection, solution Parenteral 7.5 mg/ml Injection, solution Epidural Injection Epidural; Subcutaneous 2 mg/ml Liquid Parenteral 7.5 mg / mL Injection Epidural; Subcutaneous 10 mg/ml Injection, solution Epidural; Infiltration 2 MG/ML Injection, solution Intrathecal 5 MG/ML Solution Epidural 150.000 mg Solution Epidural 40.00 mg Injection, solution Infiltration 2 mg/1mL Solution Parenteral 20.000 mg Kit Epidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical Solution Parenteral 2 mg/ml Injection, solution Parenteral Solution Parenteral Injection, solution 10 MG/ML Injection, solution 2 MG/ML Injection, solution 5 MG/ML Injection, solution 7.5 MG/ML Injection, solution Injection, solution Epidural 2 mg/1mL Injection Epidural 10 mg/1mL Injection Epidural 7.5 mg/1mL Injection Epidural; Infiltration 2 mg/1mL Injection Epidural; Infiltration 5 mg/1mL Injection Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural 10 mg/1mL Injection Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural 2 mg/1mL Injection Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural 5 mg/1mL Injection Epidural; Perineural 7.5 mg/1mL Injection, solution Epidural 10 mg/1mL Injection, solution Epidural 200 mg/20mL Injection, solution Epidural; Infiltration 5 mg/1mL Injection, solution Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural 150 mg/30mL Injection, solution Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural 2 mg/1mL Injection, solution Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural 40 mg/20mL Injection, solution Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural 5 mg/1mL Injection, solution Epidural; Perineural 150 mg/20mL Injection, solution Epidural; Perineural 7.5 mg/1mL Injection, solution Parenteral 10 mg/1mL Injection, solution Parenteral 5 mg/1mL Solution Epidural; Infiltration 2 mg / mL Solution Epidural 10 mg / mL Solution Epidural 7.5 mg / mL Solution Epidural; Infiltration 5 mg / mL Solution Epidural 2 mg/mL Injection, solution Epidural 2 mg/mL Injection, solution Epidural 7.5 mg/mL Injection, solution Epidural 10 mg/mL Injection Solution Epidural 40.000 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.5% 1.84USD ml Ropivacaine hcl 0.2% on-q pump 0.99USD ml Naropin 10 mg/ml ampule 0.97USD ml Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.3% 0.9USD ml Ropivacaine-ns 0.1% on-q pump 0.71USD ml Naropin 7.5 mg/ml ampule 0.62USD ml Naropin 5 mg/ml vial 0.58USD ml Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.15% 0.51USD ml Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.125% 0.48USD ml Naropin 5 mg/ml ampule 0.46USD ml Naropin 2 mg/ml ampule 0.44USD ml Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.1% 0.39USD ml Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.25% 0.34USD ml Ropivacaine hcl-ns 0.2% 0.29USD ml Naropin 2 mg/ml infusion btl 0.23USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5670524 No 1997-09-23 2014-05-26 US US4870086 No 1989-09-26 2010-09-24 US CA2165446 No 2005-07-05 2014-05-26 Canada CA1337549 No 1995-11-14 2012-11-14 Canada US8118802 No 2012-02-21 2023-05-18 US US7857802 No 2010-12-28 2026-11-28 US US7828787 No 2010-11-09 2025-10-18 US US8162915 No 2012-04-24 2024-05-23 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source water solubility 53.8 mg/mL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/020533s038lbl.pdf logP 2.90 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 8.07 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/020533s038lbl.pdf - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP 4.07 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Acidic) 13.62 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.82 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 32.34 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 85.59 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 32.67 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9705 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9377 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5912 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8037 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.8768 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.6339 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.6611 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.819 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8919 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.723 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.5499 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9246 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8821 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8773 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.5902 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.6116 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8507 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8763 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9783 Rat acute toxicity 2.2964 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8009 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.8438
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-006t-8920000000-73e85079216552ba91a9 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-004i-0390000000-e529039d125cf39569ae Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-0490000000-effe0d28b974ca42fdd0 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-004i-4910000000-b9053ad07a17db3fadd0 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00xr-1950000000-7abe936a1d0f6c033920 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00tb-8900000000-aacf2eca68586d6f4079 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00r6-8890000000-eb4d8977669c8d352ca8 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 175.7329252 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 168.47911 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 175.9558252 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 170.83711 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 175.7443252 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 176.93025 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Tetrodotoxin-resistant channel that mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference acro...
- Gene Name
- SCN10A
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y5Y9
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 220623.605 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Liu BG, Zhuang XL, Li ST, Xu GH: The effects of ropivacaine on sodium currents in dorsal horn neurons of neonatal rats. Anesth Analg. 2000 May;90(5):1034-8. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Arlander E, Ekstrom G, Alm C, Carrillo JA, Bielenstein M, Bottiger Y, Bertilsson L, Gustafsson LL: Metabolism of ropivacaine in humans is mediated by CYP1A2 and to a minor extent by CYP3A4: an interaction study with fluvoxamine and ketoconazole as in vivo inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Nov;64(5):484-91. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Naropin (ropivacaine hydrochloride) for injection (2022) [Link]
- Ropivacaine FDA label [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Oda Y, Furuichi K, Tanaka K, Hiroi T, Imaoka S, Asada A, Fujimori M, Funae Y: Metabolism of a new local anesthetic, ropivacaine, by human hepatic cytochrome P450. Anesthesiology. 1995 Jan;82(1):214-20. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199501000-00026. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Naropin (ropivacaine hydrochloride) for injection (2022) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Oda Y, Furuichi K, Tanaka K, Hiroi T, Imaoka S, Asada A, Fujimori M, Funae Y: Metabolism of a new local anesthetic, ropivacaine, by human hepatic cytochrome P450. Anesthesiology. 1995 Jan;82(1):214-20. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199501000-00026. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...
- Gene Name
- ORM1
- Uniprot ID
- P02763
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 23511.38 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Naropin (ropivacaine hydrochloride) for injection (2022) [Link]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55