NAV

Aminohippuric acid

Identification

Summary

Aminohippuric acid is a hippuric acid derivative injection utilized in the measurement of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and functional capacity of the renal excretory system.

Generic Name
Aminohippuric acid
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00345
Background

The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity. [PubChem]

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 194.1873
Monoisotopic: 194.069142196
Chemical Formula
C9H10N2O3
Synonyms
  • 4-aminohippuric acid
  • Aminohippurate
  • Aminohippuric acid
  • N-(p-Aminobenzoyl)aminoacetic acid
  • N-(p-Aminobenzoyl)glycine
  • N-(para-aminobenzoyl)glycine
  • p-aminohippurate
  • p-aminohippuric acid
  • PAH
  • PAHA
  • para-aminohippurate
  • para-aminohippuric acid
  • paraaminohippuric acid
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Pharmacology

Indication

Used to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and to determine the functional capacity of the tubular excretory mechanism.

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Pharmacodynamics

Aminohippurate (p-aminohippuric acid, PAH, PAHA) is the glycine amide of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1.0 to 2.0 mg/100 mL), an average of 90 percent of aminohippurate is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation. It is ideally suited for measurement of ERPF since it has a high clearance, is essentially nontoxic at the plasma concentrations reached with recommended doses, and its analytical determination is relatively simple and accurate. Aminohippurate is also used to measure the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism or transport maximum (TmPAH). This is accomplished by elevating the plasma concentration to levels (40-60 mg/100 mL) sufficient to saturate the maximal capacity of the tubular cells to secrete aminohippurate. Inulin clearance is generally measured during TmPAH determinations since glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be known before calculations of secretory Tm measurements can be done.

Mechanism of action

Aminohippurate is filtered by the renal glomeruli and secreted into the urine by the proximal tubules. By measuring the amount of drug in the urine it is possible to determine functional capacity and effective renal plasma flow.

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The intravenous LD50 in female mice is 7.22 g/kg.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
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AcamprosateThe excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Aminohippuric acid.
AcetazolamideThe excretion of Aminohippuric acid can be decreased when combined with Acetazolamide.
Acetylsalicylic acidThe excretion of Aminohippuric acid can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid.
AcyclovirThe excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Aminohippuric acid.
Adefovir dipivoxilThe excretion of Adefovir dipivoxil can be decreased when combined with Aminohippuric acid.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Aminohippurate sodiumSUO3KVS1O994-16-6UNZMYCAEMNVPHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Aminohippurate Sodium Inj Liq 20%Liquid20 %IntravenousMerck Frosst Canada & Cie, Merck Frosst Canada & Co.1991-12-311999-11-12Canada flag
Aminohippurate Sodium PahInjection, solution2 g/10mLIntravenousMerck Sharp & Dohme Limited1944-12-302014-11-30US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
V04CH30 — Aminohippuric acid
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hippuric acids. These are compounds containing hippuric acid, which consists of a of a benzoyl group linked to the N-terminal of a glycine.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Benzoic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Hippuric acids
Alternative Parents
N-acyl-alpha amino acids / Aminobenzamides / Benzoyl derivatives / Aniline and substituted anilines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Primary amines / Organopnictogen compounds
show 3 more
Substituents
Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid / Amino acid or derivatives / Aminobenzamide / Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives / Aniline or substituted anilines / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzoyl / Carbonyl group
show 16 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
N-acylglycine (CHEBI:104011)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
Y79XT83BJ9
CAS number
61-78-9
InChI Key
HSMNQINEKMPTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H10N2O3/c10-7-3-1-6(2-4-7)9(14)11-5-8(12)13/h1-4H,5,10H2,(H,11,14)(H,12,13)
IUPAC Name
2-[(4-aminophenyl)formamido]acetic acid
SMILES
NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NCC(O)=O

References

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0001867
KEGG Drug
D06890
PubChem Compound
2148
PubChem Substance
46507106
ChemSpider
2063
BindingDB
50240008
RxNav
42837
ChEBI
104011
ChEMBL
CHEMBL463
ZINC
ZINC000000119344
PharmGKB
PA134711723
PDBe Ligand
ZWD
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Wikipedia
Aminohippuric_acid
PDB Entries
8sdy
MSDS
Download (66.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4RecruitingBasic ScienceHeart Failure2
4WithdrawnTreatmentHealthy Volunteers - Male and Female1
2RecruitingTreatmentDiabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1
1Active Not RecruitingOtherHypertension / Resistance, Insulin1
1CompletedTreatmentInfections, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Merck and co inc
Packagers
  • Merck & Co.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
LiquidIntravenous20 %
Injection, solutionIntravenous2 g/10mL
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Aminohippurate 20% vial0.67USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)199-200 °CNot Available
water solubilitySlightly solubleNot Available
logP-2.2Not Available
pKa3.83Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility3.13 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0ALOGPS
logP-1Chemaxon
logS-1.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.7Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.24Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area92.42 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity50.82 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability19.13 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.7719
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9304
Caco-2 permeable-0.6601
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.7295
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9782
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9841
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9668
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8528
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8577
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.801
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9381
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9552
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9338
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9055
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9913
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.662
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7482
BiodegradationReady biodegradable0.6101
Rat acute toxicity1.5850 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9944
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9731
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)GC-MSsplash10-0006-0910000000-d6e2bf0631a469ca607b
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-00di-2900000000-13545b50126e3469611d
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-00di-3900000000-454a970609f4250f1022
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOFGC-MSsplash10-0006-0910000000-d6e2bf0631a469ca607b
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f77-2900000000-a8b8a25d88057ce84dd4
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-2900000000-010a61221aacb1a4cd70
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-02fx-9200000000-507831f6ef0e0b10b17a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0900000000-d416c0adf05812fc4ac6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0900000000-d52d2376159bba13e1f0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0005-2900000000-96534ea31e69f2316f0b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9300000000-ade9032bffe1fa0175a6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kf-9200000000-2dae7fa5d5b8b80f07ee
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-4f3f7a9fb9d4b4ac4d9d
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum2D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-152.8201103
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-149.456318
predicted
DarkChem Standard v0.1.0
[M-H]-152.4616103
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-139.0358
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+153.5970103
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+153.3597103
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+153.8648103
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+142.31561
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+152.7758103
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+156.7032479
predicted
DarkChem Standard v0.1.0
[M+Na]+151.60474
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Transporters

Details1. Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creat...
Gene Name
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID
O15244
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Molecular Weight
62579.99 Da
References
  1. Arndt P, Volk C, Gorboulev V, Budiman T, Popp C, Ulzheimer-Teuber I, Akhoundova A, Koppatz S, Bamberg E, Nagel G, Koepsell H: Interaction of cations, anions, and weak base quinine with rat renal cation transporter rOCT2 compared with rOCT1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):F454-68. [Article]
Details2. Solute carrier family 22 member 5
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Symporter activity
Specific Function
Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cat...
Gene Name
SLC22A5
Uniprot ID
O76082
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 5
Molecular Weight
62751.08 Da
References
  1. Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. [Article]
  2. Ohashi R, Tamai I, Nezu Ji J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto N, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular and physiological evidence for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):358-66. [Article]
Details3. Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. Cihlar T, Ho ES: Fluorescence-based assay for the interaction of small molecules with the human renal organic anion transporter 1. Anal Biochem. 2000 Jul 15;283(1):49-55. [Article]
  2. Jung KY, Takeda M, Kim DK, Tojo A, Narikawa S, Yoo BS, Hosoyamada M, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Characterization of ochratoxin A transport by human organic anion transporters. Life Sci. 2001 Sep 21;69(18):2123-35. [Article]
  3. Ichida K, Hosoyamada M, Kimura H, Takeda M, Utsunomiya Y, Hosoya T, Endou H: Urate transport via human PAH transporter hOAT1 and its gene structure. Kidney Int. 2003 Jan;63(1):143-55. [Article]
  4. Pombrio JM, Giangreco A, Li L, Wempe MF, Anders MW, Sweet DH, Pritchard JB, Ballatori N: Mercapturic acids (N-acetylcysteine S-conjugates) as endogenous substrates for the renal organic anion transporter-1. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Nov;60(5):1091-9. [Article]
  5. Tsuda M, Sekine T, Takeda M, Cha SH, Kanai Y, Kimura M, Endou H: Transport of ochratoxin A by renal multispecific organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jun;289(3):1301-5. [Article]
  6. Islinger F, Gekle M, Wright SH: Interaction of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate with the human organic anion transporter hOAT1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):741-7. [Article]
  7. Motojima M, Hosokawa A, Yamato H, Muraki T, Yoshioka T: Uraemic toxins induce proximal tubular injury via organic anion transporter 1-mediated uptake. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;135(2):555-63. [Article]
  8. Groves CE, Munoz L, Bahn A, Burckhardt G, Wright SH: Interaction of cysteine conjugates with human and rabbit organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Feb;304(2):560-6. [Article]
  9. Aslamkhan A, Han YH, Walden R, Sweet DH, Pritchard JB: Stoichiometry of organic anion/dicarboxylate exchange in membrane vesicles from rat renal cortex and hOAT1-expressing cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Oct;285(4):F775-83. Epub 2003 Jul 1. [Article]
  10. Hosoyamada M, Sekine T, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a multispecific organic anion transporter from human kidney. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1 Pt 2):F122-8. [Article]
  11. Lu R, Chan BS, Schuster VL: Cloning of the human kidney PAH transporter: narrow substrate specificity and regulation by protein kinase C. Am J Physiol. 1999 Feb;276(2 Pt 2):F295-303. [Article]
  12. Cihlar T, Lin DC, Pritchard JB, Fuller MD, Mendel DB, Sweet DH: The antiviral nucleotide analogs cidofovir and adefovir are novel substrates for human and rat renal organic anion transporter 1. Mol Pharmacol. 1999 Sep;56(3):570-80. [Article]
  13. Ho ES, Lin DC, Mendel DB, Cihlar T: Cytotoxicity of antiviral nucleotides adefovir and cidofovir is induced by the expression of human renal organic anion transporter 1. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000 Mar;11(3):383-93. [Article]
  14. Kuze K, Graves P, Leahy A, Wilson P, Stuhlmann H, You G: Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a mouse renal organic anion transporter in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 15;274(3):1519-24. [Article]
  15. Sekine T, Watanabe N, Hosoyamada M, Kanai Y, Endou H: Expression cloning and characterization of a novel multispecific organic anion transporter. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 25;272(30):18526-9. [Article]
  16. Sweet DH, Wolff NA, Pritchard JB: Expression cloning and characterization of ROAT1. The basolateral organic anion transporter in rat kidney. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 28;272(48):30088-95. [Article]
  17. Uwai Y, Saito H, Hashimoto Y, Inui KI: Interaction and transport of thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and acetazolamide via rat renal organic anion transporter rOAT1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):261-5. [Article]
  18. Takeda M, Tojo A, Sekine T, Hosoyamada M, Kanai Y, Endou H: Role of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) in cephaloridine (CER)-induced nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int. 1999 Dec;56(6):2128-36. [Article]
  19. Sugiyama D, Kusuhara H, Shitara Y, Abe T, Meier PJ, Sekine T, Endou H, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Characterization of the efflux transport of 17beta-estradiol-D-17beta-glucuronide from the brain across the blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jul;298(1):316-22. [Article]
  20. Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [Article]
Details4. Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Jung KY, Takeda M, Kim DK, Tojo A, Narikawa S, Yoo BS, Hosoyamada M, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Characterization of ochratoxin A transport by human organic anion transporters. Life Sci. 2001 Sep 21;69(18):2123-35. [Article]
  2. Ohtsuki S, Kikkawa T, Mori S, Hori S, Takanaga H, Otagiri M, Terasaki T: Mouse reduced in osteosclerosis transporter functions as an organic anion transporter 3 and is localized at abluminal membrane of blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1273-81. Epub 2004 Feb 4. [Article]
  3. Kobayashi Y, Ohshiro N, Tsuchiya A, Kohyama N, Ohbayashi M, Yamamoto T: Renal transport of organic compounds mediated by mouse organic anion transporter 3 (mOat3): further substrate specificity of mOat3. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 May;32(5):479-83. [Article]
  4. Mori S, Takanaga H, Ohtsuki S, Deguchi T, Kang YS, Hosoya K, Terasaki T: Rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) is responsible for brain-to-blood efflux of homovanillic acid at the abluminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Apr;23(4):432-40. [Article]
  5. Hasegawa M, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama D, Ito K, Ueda S, Endou H, Sugiyama Y: Functional involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3; Slc22a8) in the renal uptake of organic anions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):746-53. [Article]
  6. Sugiyama D, Kusuhara H, Shitara Y, Abe T, Meier PJ, Sekine T, Endou H, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Characterization of the efflux transport of 17beta-estradiol-D-17beta-glucuronide from the brain across the blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jul;298(1):316-22. [Article]
  7. Nagata Y, Kusuhara H, Endou H, Sugiyama Y: Expression and functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3) in the choroid plexus. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 May;61(5):982-8. [Article]
  8. Cha SH, Sekine T, Fukushima JI, Kanai Y, Kobayashi Y, Goya T, Endou H: Identification and characterization of human organic anion transporter 3 expressing predominantly in the kidney. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 May;59(5):1277-86. [Article]
  9. Bakhiya A, Bahn A, Burckhardt G, Wolff N: Human organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) can operate as an exchanger and mediate secretory urate flux. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2003;13(5):249-56. [Article]
  10. Race JE, Grassl SM, Williams WJ, Holtzman EJ: Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel human renal organic anion transporters (hOAT1 and hOAT3). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Feb 16;255(2):508-14. [Article]
  11. Sweet DH, Miller DS, Pritchard JB, Fujiwara Y, Beier DR, Nigam SK: Impaired organic anion transport in kidney and choroid plexus of organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3 (Slc22a8)) knockout mice. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 26;277(30):26934-43. Epub 2002 May 13. [Article]
  12. Kusuhara H, Sekine T, Utsunomiya-Tate N, Tsuda M, Kojima R, Cha SH, Sugiyama Y, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter from rat brain. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 7;274(19):13675-80. [Article]
Details5. Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
Gene Name
ABCC2
Uniprot ID
Q92887
Uniprot Name
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Molecular Weight
174205.64 Da
References
  1. Dahan A, Sabit H, Amidon GL: The H2 receptor antagonist nizatidine is a P-glycoprotein substrate: characterization of its intestinal epithelial cell efflux transport. AAPS J. 2009 Jun;11(2):205-13. doi: 10.1208/s12248-009-9092-5. Epub 2009 Mar 25. [Article]
  2. Leier I, Hummel-Eisenbeiss J, Cui Y, Keppler D: ATP-dependent para-aminohippurate transport by apical multidrug resistance protein MRP2. Kidney Int. 2000 Apr;57(4):1636-42. [Article]
Details6. Solute carrier family 22 member 4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Symporter activity
Specific Function
Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without...
Gene Name
SLC22A4
Uniprot ID
Q9H015
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 4
Molecular Weight
62154.48 Da
References
  1. Yabuuchi H, Tamai I, Nezu J, Sakamoto K, Oku A, Shimane M, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):768-73. [Article]
Details7. Solute carrier family 22 member 11
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
Gene Name
SLC22A11
Uniprot ID
Q9NSA0
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 11
Molecular Weight
59970.945 Da
References
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Tojo A, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Role of human organic anion transporter 4 in the transport of ochratoxin A. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jun 12;1590(1-3):64-75. [Article]
  2. Cha SH, Sekine T, Kusuhara H, Yu E, Kim JY, Kim DK, Sugiyama Y, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and characterization of multispecific organic anion transporter 4 expressed in the placenta. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 11;275(6):4507-12. [Article]
Details8. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as estrone-3-sulfate (PubMed:10873595). Mediates transport of prostaglandins (PG) E1 and E2, thyroxine (T4), deltorphin II, BQ-123 an...
Gene Name
SLCO3A1
Uniprot ID
Q9UIG8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1
Molecular Weight
76552.135 Da
References
  1. Adachi H, Suzuki T, Abe M, Asano N, Mizutamari H, Tanemoto M, Nishio T, Onogawa T, Toyohara T, Kasai S, Satoh F, Suzuki M, Tokui T, Unno M, Shimosegawa T, Matsuno S, Ito S, Abe T: Molecular characterization of human and rat organic anion transporter OATP-D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):F1188-97. [Article]
Details9. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide, methotre...
Gene Name
ABCC1
Uniprot ID
P33527
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
Molecular Weight
171589.5 Da
References
  1. Leier I, Hummel-Eisenbeiss J, Cui Y, Keppler D: ATP-dependent para-aminohippurate transport by apical multidrug resistance protein MRP2. Kidney Int. 2000 Apr;57(4):1636-42. [Article]
Details10. Monocarboxylate transporter 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Symporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucin...
Gene Name
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID
P53985
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 1
Molecular Weight
53943.685 Da
References
  1. Tamai I, Sai Y, Ono A, Kido Y, Yabuuchi H, Takanaga H, Satoh E, Ogihara T, Amano O, Izeki S, Tsuji A: Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;51(10):1113-21. [Article]
Details11. Solute carrier family 22 member 7
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulf...
Gene Name
SLC22A7
Uniprot ID
Q9Y694
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 7
Molecular Weight
60025.025 Da
References
  1. Sun W, Wu RR, van Poelje PD, Erion MD: Isolation of a family of organic anion transporters from human liver and kidney. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 May 4;283(2):417-22. [Article]
  2. Kobayashi Y, Ohshiro N, Shibusawa A, Sasaki T, Tokuyama S, Sekine T, Endou H, Yamamoto T: Isolation, characterization and differential gene expression of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 in mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;62(1):7-14. [Article]
  3. Sekine T, Cha SH, Tsuda M, Apiwattanakul N, Nakajima N, Kanai Y, Endou H: Identification of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 expressed predominantly in the liver. FEBS Lett. 1998 Jun 12;429(2):179-82. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:51