Identification
- Summary
Colestipol is a bile acid sequestrant used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to reduce LDL-C cholesterol levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.
- Brand Names
- Colestid
- Generic Name
- Colestipol
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00375
- Background
Bile acid sequestrants like colestipol have been in use since the 1970s.Label,5,7,3 And even though such an agent may very well be useful in reducing elevated cholesterol levels and decreasing the risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia, colestipol is still generally only employed as an adjunct therapy and the relatively physical nature of its pharmacological activity sometimes limits its usefulness.Label,5,7,3
In particular, as colestipol's general mechanism of action ultimately results in the decreased absorption and enhanced secretion of bile acids and lipids in the feces, patients who take complicated medication regimens, experience constipation or biliary obstruction, etc. may not be good candidates for using the agent owing to its physical effects on the gut.Label,5,7,3
Alternatively, colestipol predominantly elicits its activities within the gut environment because it undergoes little absorption and metabolism.Label,5,7,3 The resultant lack of systemic exposure consequently means the medication generally demonstrates very few adverse effects inside the body.Label,5,7,3
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Synonyms
- Colestipol
- Colestipolum
- Copolymer of bis(2-aminoethyl)amine and 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane
- Epichlorohydrin-tetraethylenepentamine polymer
- External IDs
- U 26597 A
Pharmacology
- Indication
Colestipol is indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet for the reduction of elevated serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (a condition that features elevated LDL-C) who do not respond adequately to dietary changes .Label,1,5
Therapy with lipid-altering agents like colestipol should be a component of multiple risk factor intervention in those individuals at significantly increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia Label,1,5. Treatment should begin and continue with dietary therapy Label,1,5. In general, a minimum of six months of intensive dietary therapy and counseling should be carried out prior to initiation of drug therapy such as that with colestipol Label,5. Shorter periods may be considered in patients with severe elevations of LDL-C or with definite coronary heart disease Label,5.
Although colestipol is effective in all types of hypercholesterolemia, some regional prescribing information note in particular that it is medically most appropriate in patients with Fredrickson's type II hyperlipoproteinemia 1. Nevertheless, in patients with combined hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, although colestipol may be helpful in reducing elevated cholesterol, it is not formally indicated where hypertriglyceridemia is the abnormality of greatest concern 7.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Adjunct therapy in management of Primary hypercholesterolemia •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Cholesterol is the major, and probably the sole precursor of bile acids Label,5. During normal digestion, bile acids are secreted via the bile from the liver and gall bladder into the intestines Label,5. Bile acids emulsify the fat and lipid materials present in food, thus facilitating absorption Label,5. A major portion of the bile acids secreted is reabsorbed from the intestines and returned via the portal circulation to the liver, thus completing the enterohepatic cycle Label,5. Only very small amounts of bile acids are found in normal serum Label,5.
Colestipol hydrochloride binds bile acids in the intestine forming a complex that is excreted in the feces Label,5. This nonsystemic action results in a partial removal of the bile acids from the enterohepatic circulation, preventing their reabsorption Label,5. Since colestipol hydrochloride is an anion exchange resin, the chloride anions of the resin can be replaced by other anions, usually those with a greater affinity for the resin than the chloride ion Label,5.
- Mechanism of action
Colestipol is a lipid-lowering polymer that binds with bile acids in the intestine forming a complex that is excreted in the feces Label,5,7. This non-systemic action results in a continuous, partial removal of bile acids from the enterohepatic circulation preventing their reabsorption Label,5,7. This increased fecal loss of bile acids due to colestipol hydrochloride administration leads to increased oxidation of cholesterol to bile acids Label,5,7. This results in an increase in the number of hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, and consequently an increased uptake of LDL and a decrease in serum/plasma beta lipoprotein or total and LDL cholesterol levels Label,5,7. Although hydrochloride produces an increase in the hepatic synthesis of cholesterol in man, serum cholesterol levels fall Label,5,7.
Target Actions Organism ABile acids binderHumans - Absorption
Colestipol is hydrophilic, but it is virtually water-insoluble (99.75%) Label,1,5,7. This water insolubility, combined with the high molecular weight polymer in colestipol basically means the agent and the complexes it forms when it binds with bile acids are not absorbed Label,1,5,7. The action of colestipol is ultimately limited to the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract Label,1,5,7. It binds bile acids in the intestinal lumen and causes them to be excreted in the feces together with the polymer Label,1,5,7. When the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is interrupted, cholesterol conversion to bile acids is enhanced and plasma cholesterol levels are thereby lowered Label,1,5,7.
- Volume of distribution
Colestipol is not absorbed into the systemic circulation Label,1,5,7.
- Protein binding
Colestipol is not absorbed into the systemic circulation Label,1,5,7.
- Metabolism
Colestipol is not absorbed into the systemic circulation nor is it hydrolyzed by any digestive enzymes Label,1,5,7.
- Route of elimination
Colestipol hydrochloride binds bile acids in the intestine forming a complex that is then ultimately excreted in the feces Label,1,5,7. In humans, less than 0.17% of a single 14C-labeled colestipol hydrochloride dose is excreted in the urine when given following 60 days of chronic dosing of 20 grams of colestipol hydrochloride per day Label,5. The increased fecal loss of bile acids due to colestipol hydrochloride administration leads to increased oxidation of cholesterol to bile acids Label,5.
- Half-life
Colestipol is not absorbed into the systemic circulation nor is it hydrolyzed by any digestive enzymes Label,1,5,7. Its action is ultimately limited to the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, where it is eventually passed into the feces Label,1,5,7.
- Clearance
Colestipol is not absorbed into the systemic circulation Label,1,5,7.
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Overdosage with colestipol has not been reported Label,1,5,7. Regardless, in the case of overdosage, the chief potential harm would be obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract Label,1,5,7. The location of such potential obstruction, the degree of obstruction and the presence or absence of normal gut motility would determine treatment Label,1,5,7.
No clinical data are available on the use of colestipol in pregnant women and during lactation Label,1,5,7. Colestipol does not appear to be absorbed systematically Label,1,5,7. Due to its known interference with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, the use of colestipol in pregnancy or lactation or by women of childbearing potential requires that the benefits of drug therapy be weighed against the possible hazards to the mother and the child Label,1,5,7.
There are no data on the effect of colestipol on fertility in humans Label,1,5,7.
The use of colestipol in children is limited Label,1,5,7. Clinical trials conducted in children with colestipol ranules have usually employed doses of 5 to 20 g/day Label,1,5,7. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel recommends drug therapy be considered in children 10 years or older, who have previously undergone an adequate trial of diet therapy but still have unacceptably high serum cholesterol levels Label,1,5,7. In certain situations where a young child has extremely high serum cholesterol levels, drug treatment may even be initiated before 10 years of age Label,1,5,7. If the child is started on drug therapy, a carefully assessed diet therapy should also be continued in order to obtain optimal results Label,1,5,7. However, the safety of using colestipol tablets in patients under the age of 18 years has not been established Label,1,5,7. Furthermore, because bile acid sequestrants like colestipol may interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, appropriate monitoring of growth and development is essential if colestipol is used in children Label,1,5,7.
Appropriate studies on the relationship of age to the effects of colestipol have not been performed in the geriatric population Label,1,5,7. However, patients over 60 years of age may be more likely to experience gastrointestinal side effects, as well as adverse nutritional effects Label,1,5,7.
Additionally, it has been determined that the oral LD50 in rats is > 1000 mg/kg MSDS.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAceclofenac Colestipol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Aceclofenac resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Acemetacin Colestipol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acemetacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Acenocoumarol Colestipol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acenocoumarol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Acetazolamide Colestipol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acetazolamide resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Acetyl sulfisoxazole Colestipol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acetyl sulfisoxazole resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. - Food Interactions
- Drink plenty of fluids. The tablet and granule formulations must be taken with plenty of water or other fluids.
- Take with food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Colestipol hydrochloride X7D10K905G 37296-80-3 Not applicable - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Cholestabyl / Lestid (Pfizer)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Colestid Granule, for suspension 5 g/5g Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1977-04-04 2010-06-30 US 
Colestid Granule, for suspension 5 g/5g Oral Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC 1977-06-01 Not applicable US Colestid Tablet 1 g/1 Oral Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC 1994-07-19 Not applicable US Colestid Granules Granule 5 g / sachet Oral Pfizer Canada Ulc 1985-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Colestid Orange Granules Granule 5 g / sachet Oral Pfizer Canada Ulc 1995-12-31 2020-04-02 Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Colestipol Hydrochloride Tablet 1 g/1 Oral Carilion Materials Management 1994-07-19 Not applicable US 
Colestipol Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 1 g/1 Oral American Health Packaging 2023-02-20 Not applicable US Colestipol Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 1 g/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals of New York Llc 2021-08-17 2024-12-31 US Colestipol Hydrochloride Granule, for suspension 5 g/5g Oral Greenstone LLC 1977-04-04 Not applicable US Colestipol Hydrochloride Suspension 5 g/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals of New York Llc 2006-05-02 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C10AC02 — Colestipol
- Drug Categories
- Amines
- Anion Exchange Resins
- Bile Acid Sequestrants
- Bile-acid Binding Activity
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Hypolipidemic Agents
- Hypolipidemic Agents Indicated for Hyperlipidemia
- Lipid Modifying Agents
- Lipid Modifying Agents, Plain
- Lipid Regulating Agents
- Macromolecular Substances
- Non-statin Hypolipidemic Agents Indicated for Hyperlipidemia
- Polyamines
- Polymers
- Sequestering Agents
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- K50N755924
- CAS number
- 26658-42-4
References
- Synthesis Reference
Lednicer, D. and Peery,C.Y.; US. Patent 3,803,237; April 9, 1974; assigned to The Upjohn Co.
- General References
- Electronic Medicines Compendium: Colestid (colestipol hydrochloride) Orange 5g Monograph [Link]
- NCBI LactMed@NIH Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]: Colestipol Profile [Link]
- Colestipol ScienceDirect Profile [Link]
- Colestid® (colestipol hydrochloride for oral suspension) - FDA Label [Link]
- Colestid/Flavored Colestid (colestipol hydrochloride for oral suspension) [File]
- Pfizer MSDS for Colestipol Hydrochloride for Oral Suspension [File]
- Colestipol hydrochloride Canadian Product Monograph [File]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014519
- KEGG Compound
- C06925
- PubChem Compound
- 62816
- PubChem Substance
- 46505777
- ChemSpider
- 56550
- 2685
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1909303
- PharmGKB
- PA449096
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Colestipol
- FDA label
- Download (135 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (53.5 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment High Cholesterol / Hyperlipidemias 1 3 Completed Treatment Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Atherosclerosis / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Carotid Artery Diseases / Cerebral Arteriosclerosis / Cerebrovascular Diseases / Coronary Arteriosclerosis / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Myocardial Ischemia 1 3 Completed Treatment Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Coronary Arteriosclerosis / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Myocardial Ischemia 1 2 Completed Treatment HER2-Positive Early Stage Breast Cancer 1 2, 3 Completed Treatment Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Pharmacia and upjohn co
- Impax laboratories inc
- Packagers
- Catalent Pharma Solutions
- Global Pharmaceuticals
- Greenstone LLC
- Impax Laboratories Inc.
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Patheon Inc.
- Pharmacia Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Granule Oral Granule, for suspension Oral 5 g/5g Granule Oral 5 g / sachet Tablet Oral 1 g Suspension Oral 5 g/1 Tablet Oral 1 g/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 1 g/1 Granule, for suspension Oral 5 g/7.5g - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Colestid 90 5 gm Packets Box 252.5USD box Colestid 30 5 gm Packets Box 81.11USD box Colestid Flavored 5 gm/7.5 gm Packets 3.29USD packet Colestid 5 g Powder Packet 1.04USD packet Colestid Orange 5 g Powder Packet 1.04USD packet Colestid 1 gm tablet 0.86USD tablet Colestipol hcl 1 gm tablet 0.66USD tablet Colestid 5 gm Granules 0.33USD gm Colestid Flavored 5 gm Granules 0.31USD gm Colestid flavored granules 0.3USD g Colestid 1 g Tablet 0.29USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5490987 No 1996-02-13 2013-02-13 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source water solubility Insoluble Not Available logP -2.206 Not Available - Predicted Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9221 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8825 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5102 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.6506 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9435 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.956 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.6803 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8931 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7534 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7558 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7178 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8515 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8411 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7634 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8919 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9404 Ames test AMES toxic 0.9093 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.6451 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9346 Rat acute toxicity 2.5333 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Strong inhibitor 0.508 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7601
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
References
- LaRosa JC: The mechanism of action of lipid-lowering drugs. Angiology. 1982 Sep;33(9):562-76. [Article]
- Farmer JA, Gotto AM Jr: Currently available hypolipidaemic drugs and future therapeutic developments. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Oct;9(4):825-47. [Article]
- Reiner Z: Combined therapy in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;24(1):19-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00764.x. Epub 2009 Aug 14. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54