Identification
- Summary
Carbachol is a direct acting miotic agent administered ophthalmically to decrease intraocular pressure after cataract surgery, and to induce miosis during surgery.
- Brand Names
- Carbastat, Miostat
- Generic Name
- Carbamoylcholine
Commonly known or available as Carbachol - DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00411
- Background
Carbamoylcholine, also known as carbachol, is a muscarinic agonist discovered in 1932.2 Carbamoylcholine was initially used as a treatment for migraines,6 induction of diuresis,7 and other parasympathetic effects.
Carbamoylcholine was granted FDA approval on 28 September 1972.9
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Carbamoylcholine (DB00411)
- Weight
- Average: 147.1955
Monoisotopic: 147.113352734 - Chemical Formula
- C6H15N2O2
- Synonyms
- Carbacholine
- carbacol
- Carbamylcholine
- Choline carbamate
Pharmacology
- Indication
Carbamoylcholine is indicated to induce miosis for surgery and to reduce intraocular pressure elevations in the first 24 hours after cataract surgery.9
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Open angle glaucoma ••• ••••• Management of Acute angle closure glaucoma ••• ••••• Management of Increased intraocular pressure •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Carbamoylcholine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as an agonist of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.3,9 It is more resistant to hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase than other choline esters leading to a longer duration of action, with significant effects 24 hours after administration.5 Data regarding the therapeutic index of carbamoylcholine is not readily available.9 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of administering the drug to patients with acute cardiac failure, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, gastrointestinal spasm, urinary tract obstruction, or Parkinson's disease.9
- Mechanism of action
Carbamoylcholine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as an agonist of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.3,9 Intraocular administration leads to miosis and decreases intraocular pressure via increased aqueous humour outflow.3,9
Target Actions Organism AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 agonistHumans AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 agonistHumans ANeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 agonistHumans UMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 agonistHumans UMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 agonistHumans - Absorption
Choline esters in general are hydrophilic and therefore poorly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and are unlikely to cross the blood brain barrier.4,8 Data regarding the absorption of carbamoylcholine are not readily available.9
- Volume of distribution
Data regarding the volume of distribution of carbamoylcholine is not readily available.2,9
- Protein binding
Data regarding protein binding of carbamoylcholine is not readily available.9
- Metabolism
The metabolism of carbamoylcholine has not been well described in the literature. It is metabolized to a small extent by acetylcholinesterase.1
- Route of elimination
Data regarding the route of elimination of carbamoylcholine is not readily available.9
- Half-life
Data regarding the half life of carbamoylcholine is not readily available.9
- Clearance
Data regarding the clearance of carbamoylcholine is not readily available.9
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Patients experiencing an overdose of carbamoylcholine may experience nausea, sweating, hypotension, hypersalivation, bronchorrhea, miosis, and dyspnea.2 Patients should be treated with symptomatic and supportive treatment. Treatment may include atropine, furosemide, epinephrine, and/or dopamine.2 Some patients may require intubation.2
The oral LD50 in mice is 15 mg/kg10 and in rats is 40 mg/kg.11
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcebutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Carbamoylcholine. Ambenonium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ambenonium is combined with Carbamoylcholine. Amikacin The therapeutic efficacy of Carbamoylcholine can be decreased when used in combination with Amikacin. Aprotinin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aprotinin is combined with Carbamoylcholine. Atenolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Atenolol is combined with Carbamoylcholine. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Carbamoylcholine chloride 8Y164V895Y 51-83-2 AIXAANGOTKPUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Carboptic (NutraMax) / Mioticol (Farmigea)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Carbachol Tablet 2 mg Oral Mylan Pharmaceuticals 1995-12-31 2015-11-03 Canada 
Carbachol Injection Liq Sc 0.25mg/ml Liquid .25 mg / mL Subcutaneous Bioniche Pharma (Canada) Ltd 1995-12-31 2014-11-24 Canada Carbachol Tab 2mg Tablet 2 mg / tab Oral Allen & Hanburys A Glaxo Canada Ltd. Co. 1951-12-31 1996-09-10 Canada Carbastat Solution 0.01 % Intraocular Novartis Ophthalmics Novartis Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc 1996-10-22 2004-07-13 Canada Carbastat Injection, solution 0.1 mg/1mL Intraocular Novartis Ophthalmics 2006-09-19 Not applicable US 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Isopto Carbachol Carbamoylcholine chloride (30 mg/1mL) Solution Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 1981-06-19 2012-09-28 US Isopto Carbachol Carbamoylcholine chloride (15 mg/1mL) Solution Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 1981-06-19 2012-09-28 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N07AB01 — CarbacholS01EB02 — Carbachol
- Drug Categories
- Alcohols
- Amines
- Amino Alcohols
- Ammonium Compounds
- Analgesics
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics
- Autonomic Agents
- Cardiotonic Agents
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Choline Esters
- Cholinergic Agents
- Cholinergic Agonists
- Cholinergic Receptor Agonist
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Ethanolamines
- Miotics
- Nervous System
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Nitrogen Compounds
- Onium Compounds
- Ophthalmologicals
- Parasympathomemetic (Cholinergic) Agents
- Parasympathomimetics
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Protective Agents
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- Sensory Organs
- Sensory System Agents
- Trimethyl Ammonium Compounds
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 54Z8M50D6Q
- CAS number
- 462-58-8
- InChI Key
- VPJXQGSRWJZDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c1-8(2,3)4-5-10-6(7)9/h4-5H2,1-3H3,(H-,7,9)/p+1
- IUPAC Name
- 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl carbamate
- SMILES
- C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(N)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Major, R.T. and Bonnett, H.T.; U.S. Patent 2,374,367; April 24,1945; assigned to Merck & Co., Inc.
- General References
- Rosenberry TL, Sonoda LK, Dekat SE, Cusack B, Johnson JL: Analysis of the reaction of carbachol with acetylcholinesterase using thioflavin T as a coupled fluorescence reporter. Biochemistry. 2008 Dec 9;47(49):13056-63. doi: 10.1021/bi8015197. [Article]
- Schulz M, Graefe T, Stuby K, Andresen H, Kupfermann N, Schmoldt A: Case report: acute unintentional carbachol intoxication. Crit Care. 2006;10(3):R84. doi: 10.1186/cc4937. Epub 2006 Jun 1. [Article]
- Pakala RS, Brown KN, Preuss CV: Cholinergic Medications . [Article]
- Dotiwala AK, McCausland C, Samra NS: Anatomy, Head and Neck, Blood Brain Barrier . [Article]
- Wood TO: Effect of carbachol on postoperative intraocular pressure. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988 Nov;14(6):654-6. doi: 10.1016/s0886-3350(88)80034-8. [Article]
- James AK: Oral Carbachol for Prevention of Migraine. Br Med J. 1945 May 12;1(4401):663-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4401.663. [Article]
- FRANCIS RR: The effect of carbachol and of mecholyl on the urinary bladder. J Urol. 1948 Aug;60(2):290-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)69236-x. [Article]
- Pappano AJ (2012). Cholinoceptor-Activating & Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs. In Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (12th Edition) (12th ed., pp. 97-113). McGraw Hill. [ISBN:978-0-07-176402-5]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Miostat (Carbachol) Intraocular Solution [Link]
- Caymen Chemical: Carbachol MSDS [Link]
- Fisher Scientific: Carachol MSDS [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014555
- KEGG Drug
- D00524
- PubChem Compound
- 5831
- PubChem Substance
- 46509115
- ChemSpider
- 2454
- BindingDB
- 50004656
- 1546387
- ChEBI
- 3385
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL965
- ZINC
- ZINC000003079342
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000347
- PharmGKB
- PA448784
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- PDBe Ligand
- CCE
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Carbachol
- PDB Entries
- 1uv6 / 7ql6 / 7smr / 7smt
- FDA label
- Download (79.4 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (64.9 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 3 Completed Treatment Presbyopia 1 3 Recruiting Treatment Presbyopia 1 2 Completed Treatment Presbyopia 1 Not Available Completed Not Available Headache 1 Not Available Completed Basic Science Headache 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Pharmafair inc
- Novartis pharmaceuticals corp
- Alcon laboratories inc
- Packagers
- Alcon Laboratories
- Novartis AG
- OMJ Pharmaceuticals
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Professional Co.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 2 mg Liquid Subcutaneous .25 mg / mL Liquid Intraocular 0.1 mg / mL Tablet Oral 2 mg / tab Solution Intraocular Injection, solution Intraocular 0.1 mg/1mL Solution Intraocular 0.01 % Solution Ophthalmic 15 mg/1mL Solution Ophthalmic 30 mg/1mL Liquid Ophthalmic 1.5 % Liquid Ophthalmic 3 % Solution Intraocular 0.15 mg Solution Ophthalmic 0.1 mg/1mL Solution Parenteral 0.100 mg Injection Intraocular 0.01 % Solution Intraocular .01 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Isopto Carbachol 3% Solution 15ml Bottle 61.76USD bottle Carbachol 99% powder 53.1USD g Isopto Carbachol 1.5% Solution 15ml Bottle 48.64USD bottle Isopto Carbachol 1.5% Solution 30ml Bottle 44.99USD bottle Miostat vial 32.4USD ml Isopto carbachol 3% drops 3.51USD ml Isopto carbachol 1.5% drops 3.07USD ml Isopto Carbachol 3 % Solution 0.91USD ml Isopto Carbachol 1.5 % Solution 0.76USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 208-210 Major, R.T. and Bonnett, H.T.; U.S. Patent 2,374,367; April 24,1945; assigned to Merck & Co., Inc. water solubility 1 g/ml Pubchem: Hazardous Substances Data Bank - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.706 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -3 ALOGPS logP -4.6 Chemaxon logS -2.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.23 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 52.32 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 50.02 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 16.02 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.7542 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9727 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5111 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.6062 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9569 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9545 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8526 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7825 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7825 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5643 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8329 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8895 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9204 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8551 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9515 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9416 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.667 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.5998 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9151 Rat acute toxicity 2.6763 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9765 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8719
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (7.39 KB)
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 135.0359515 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 129.65112 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 133.9634515 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 132.03282 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 132.9108515 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 140.55254 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P11229
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
- Molecular Weight
- 51420.375 Da
References
- Weiner DM, Goodman MW, Colpitts TM, Feddock MA, Duggento KL, Nash NR, Levey AI, Brann MR: Functional screening of drug target genes: m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor phenotypes in degenerative dementias. Am J Pharmacogenomics. 2004;4(2):119-28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM2
- Uniprot ID
- P08172
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
- Molecular Weight
- 51714.605 Da
References
- Peter JC, Wallukat G, Tugler J, Maurice D, Roegel JC, Briand JP, Hoebeke J: Modulation of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity with monoclonal anti-M2 receptor antibody fragments. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 31;279(53):55697-706. Epub 2004 Oct 14. [Article]
- May LT, Lin Y, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A: Regulation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expression and signaling by prolonged exposure to allosteric modulators. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jan;312(1):382-90. Epub 2004 Aug 27. [Article]
- Sawatzky DA, Kingham PJ, Durcan N, McLean WG, Costello RW: Eosinophil-induced release of acetylcholine from differentiated cholinergic nerve cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):L1296-304. Epub 2003 Aug 29. [Article]
- Sterin-Borda L, Joensen L, Bayo-Hanza C, Esteva M, Borda E: Therapeutic use of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor peptide to prevent mice chagasic cardiac dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2002 Dec;34(12):1645-54. [Article]
- Zuchner T, Schliebs R, Perez-Polo JR: Down-regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 adversely affects the expression of Alzheimer's disease-relevant genes and proteins. J Neurochem. 2005 Oct;95(1):20-32. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Drug binding
- Specific Function
- After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
- Gene Name
- CHRNA2
- Uniprot ID
- Q15822
- Uniprot Name
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2
- Molecular Weight
- 59764.82 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- An MC, Lin W, Yang J, Dominguez B, Padgett D, Sugiura Y, Aryal P, Gould TW, Oppenheim RW, Hester ME, Kaspar BK, Ko CP, Lee KF: Acetylcholine negatively regulates development of the neuromuscular junction through distinct cellular mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jun 8;107(23):10702-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1004956107. Epub 2010 May 24. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM3
- Uniprot ID
- P20309
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
- Molecular Weight
- 66127.445 Da
References
- Stewart GD, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A: Prediction of functionally selective allosteric interactions at an M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mutant using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;78(2):205-14. doi: 10.1124/mol.110.064253. Epub 2010 May 13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM4
- Uniprot ID
- P08173
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
- Molecular Weight
- 53048.65 Da
References
- Jakubik J, Bacakova L, El-Fakahany EE, Tucek S: Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jul;52(1):172-9. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Phospholipase a2 activity
- Specific Function
- Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory...
- Gene Name
- PLA2G4A
- Uniprot ID
- P47712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytosolic phospholipase A2
- Molecular Weight
- 85238.2 Da
References
- Konrad RJ, Jolly YC, Major C, Wolf BA: Carbachol stimulation of phospholipase A2 and insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. Biochem J. 1992 Oct 1;287 ( Pt 1):283-90. [Article]
- Enyedi P, Fredholm BB: Calcium-dependent enhancement by carbachol of the VIP-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in cat submandibular gland. Acta Physiol Scand. 1984 Apr;120(4):523-8. [Article]
- Grosfils K, Gomez F, Dehaye JP: Inhibition by mepacrine and amylase secretion from intact and permeabilized rat pancreatic acini. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):408-13. [Article]
- Ying Z, Tojo H, Nonaka Y, Okamoto M: Cloning and expression of phospholipase A2 from guinea pig gastric mucosa, its induction by carbachol and secretion in vivo. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jul 1;215(1):91-7. [Article]
- Strosznajder J, Strosznajder RP: Guanine nucleotides and fluoride enhance carbachol-mediated arachidonic acid release from phosphatidylinositol. Evidence for involvement of GTP-binding protein in phospholipase A2 activation. J Lipid Mediat. 1989 Jul-Aug;1(4):217-29. [Article]
- Hirasawa N, Santini F, Beaven MA: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/cytosolic phospholipase A2 pathway in a rat mast cell line. Indications of different pathways for release of arachidonic acid and secretory granules. J Immunol. 1995 May 15;154(10):5391-402. [Article]
- Strosznajder J, Samochocki M: Carbachol-stimulated release of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids from brain cortex synaptoneurosome lipids of adult and aged rats. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1992;318:251-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Serine hydrolase activity
- Specific Function
- Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
- Gene Name
- ACHE
- Uniprot ID
- P22303
- Uniprot Name
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Molecular Weight
- 67795.525 Da
References
- Rosenberry TL, Sonoda LK, Dekat SE, Cusack B, Johnson JL: Analysis of the reaction of carbachol with acetylcholinesterase using thioflavin T as a coupled fluorescence reporter. Biochemistry. 2008 Dec 9;47(49):13056-63. doi: 10.1021/bi8015197. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54