Identification
- Summary
Secobarbital is a barbiturate used for the short-term treatment of insomnia.
- Brand Names
- Seconal Sodium
- Generic Name
- Secobarbital
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00418
- Background
Secobarbital (marketed by Eli Lilly and Company under the brand names Seconal and Tuinal) is a barbiturate derivative drug with anaesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic properties. It is commonly known as quinalbarbitone in the United Kingdom.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Secobarbital (DB00418)
- Weight
- Average: 238.2829
Monoisotopic: 238.131742452 - Chemical Formula
- C12H18N2O3
- Synonyms
- (±)-secobarbital
- 5-(1-methylbutyl)-5-(2-propenyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
- 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
- 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid
- 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
- Quinalbarbitone
- Secobarbital
- Secobarbitalum
- Secobarbitone
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the Short-term treatment of intractable insomnia for patients habituated to barbiturates
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Insomnia •••••••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Secobarbital, a barbiturate, is used for the induction of anesthesia prior to the use of other general anesthetic agents and for induction of anesthesia for short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures associated with minimal painful stimuli. Little analgesia is conferred by barbiturates; their use in the presence of pain may result in excitation.
- Mechanism of action
Secobarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.
Target Actions Organism AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 potentiatorHumans AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 potentiatorHumans AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 potentiatorHumans AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 potentiatorHumans AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 potentiatorHumans AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 potentiatorHumans UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 antagonistHumans UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 antagonistHumans UGlutamate receptor 2 antagonistHumans UGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 antagonistHumans UNMDA receptor antagonistHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Barbiturates are metabolized primarily by the hepatic microsomal enzyme system, and the metabolic products are excreted in the urine and, less commonly, in the feces.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Symptoms of an overdose typically include sluggishness, incoordination, difficulty in thinking, slowness of speech, faulty judgment, drowsiness or coma, shallow breathing, staggering, and in severe cases coma and death.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Secobarbital is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abacavir Secobarbital may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abaloparatide Secobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Abaloparatide. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Secobarbital. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Secobarbital. - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol. Taking with alcohol may cause additive CNS depression.
- Take on an empty stomach. This may increase the rate of absorption.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Secobarbital sodium XBP604F6UM 309-43-3 AXXJTNXVUHVOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-M - International/Other Brands
- Seconal / Tuinal
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Seconal Sodium Capsule 100 mg/1 Oral Ranbaxy Inc. 2007-01-11 Not applicable US 
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Seconal Sodium Capsule 100 mg/1 Oral Bausch Health US, LLC 1983-10-03 Not applicable US Seconal Sodium Capsule 100 mg/1 Oral Marathon Pharmaceuticals 1983-10-03 2016-01-14 US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Tuinal Pulvule 303 Secobarbital sodium (50 mg) + Amobarbital sodium (50 mg) Capsule Oral Pharmascience Inc 1945-12-31 2004-03-05 Canada 
Tuinal Pulvule 304 Secobarbital sodium (100 mg / cap) + Amobarbital sodium (100 mg / cap) Capsule Oral Pharmascience Inc 1945-12-31 2004-03-05 Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N05CB01 — Combinations of barbiturates
- N05CB — Barbiturates, combinations
- N05C — HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES
- N05 — PSYCHOLEPTICS
- N — NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Adjuvants
- Adjuvants, Anesthesia
- Anticholinergic Agents
- Anticonvulsants
- Barbiturates
- Barbiturates, Plain
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- GABA Agents
- GABA Modulators
- Hypnotics and Sedatives
- Nervous System
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Nicotinic Antagonists
- Psycholeptics
- Pyrimidines
- Pyrimidinones
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as barbituric acid derivatives. These are compounds containing a perhydropyrimidine ring substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Diazines
- Sub Class
- Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Barbituric acid derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- N-acyl ureas / Diazinanes / Dicarboximides / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- 1,3-diazinane / Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Barbiturate / Carbonic acid derivative / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Dicarboximide / Hydrocarbon derivative / N-acyl urea
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- barbiturates (CHEBI:9073)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 1P7H87IN75
- CAS number
- 76-73-3
- InChI Key
- KQPKPCNLIDLUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C12H18N2O3/c1-4-6-8(3)12(7-5-2)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h5,8H,2,4,6-7H2,1,3H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17)
- IUPAC Name
- 5-(pentan-2-yl)-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
- SMILES
- CCCC(C)C1(CC=C)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014562
- KEGG Drug
- D00430
- PubChem Compound
- 5193
- PubChem Substance
- 46508708
- ChemSpider
- 5005
- 9624
- ChEBI
- 9073
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL447
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000674
- PharmGKB
- PA164784035
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Secobarbital
- MSDS
- Download (48.6 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Anabolic inc
- Barr laboratories inc
- Everylife
- Halsey drug co inc
- Ivax pharmaceuticals inc
- Kv pharmaceutical co
- Lannett co inc
- Parke davis div warner lambert co
- L perrigo co
- Purepac pharmaceutical co
- Valeant pharmaceuticals international
- Vitarine pharmaceuticals inc
- Watson laboratories inc
- West ward pharmaceutical corp
- Whiteworth towne paulsen inc
- Wyeth ayerst laboratories
- Ranbaxy pharmaceuticals inc
- Elkins sinn div ah robins co inc
- Eli lilly and co
- Packagers
- Marathon Pharmaceuticals
- Ohm Laboratories Inc.
- Ranbaxy Laboratories
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 100 mg / cap Capsule Oral 100 mg/1 Capsule Oral - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Seconal 100 mg capsule 5.23USD capsule Seconal sodium 100 mg capsule 4.91USD capsule Seconal sodium 100 mg pulvul 0.93USD each DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 100 °C PhysProp water solubility 550 mg/L Not Available logP 1.97 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 7.8 WOLLWEBER,H (1989) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 1.21 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.2 ALOGPS logP 2.03 Chemaxon logS -2.3 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 7.48 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 75.27 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 Chemaxon Refractivity 62.65 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 24.33 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 1 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9331 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9762 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5792 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.6367 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.5256 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9756 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.911 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7863 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.736 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8707 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7679 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9276 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7353 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8902 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9176 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6131 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8977 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9868 Rat acute toxicity 3.0894 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9603 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9471
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (9.04 KB)
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 162.8150565 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 154.30089 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 163.5643565 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 156.6589 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 163.1390565 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 164.21568 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Potentiator
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
- Gene Name
- GABRA2
- Uniprot ID
- P47869
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2
- Molecular Weight
- 51325.85 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Potentiator
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
- Gene Name
- GABRA3
- Uniprot ID
- P34903
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3
- Molecular Weight
- 55164.055 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Potentiator
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
- Gene Name
- GABRA4
- Uniprot ID
- P48169
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
- Molecular Weight
- 61622.645 Da
References
- Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Potentiator
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
- Gene Name
- GABRA5
- Uniprot ID
- P31644
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5
- Molecular Weight
- 52145.645 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Potentiator
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
- Gene Name
- GABRA6
- Uniprot ID
- Q16445
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
- Molecular Weight
- 51023.69 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Potentiator
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...
- Gene Name
- GABRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P14867
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 51801.395 Da
References
- Whiting PJ: The GABAA receptor gene family: new opportunities for drug development. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2003 Sep;6(5):648-57. [Article]
- Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. [Article]
- Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [Article]
- Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [Article]
- Peters JA, Kirkness EF, Callachan H, Lambert JJ, Turner AJ: Modulation of the GABAA receptor by depressant barbiturates and pregnane steroids. Br J Pharmacol. 1988 Aug;94(4):1257-69. [Article]
- Miller LG, Deutsch SI, Greenblatt DJ, Paul SM, Shader RI: Acute barbiturate administration increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1988;96(3):385-90. [Article]
- Kirkness EF, Turner AJ: The gamma-aminobutyrate/benzodiazepine receptor from pig brain. Purification and characterization of the receptor complex from cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Biochem J. 1986 Jan 1;233(1):265-70. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeabl...
- Gene Name
- CHRNA4
- Uniprot ID
- P43681
- Uniprot Name
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4
- Molecular Weight
- 69956.47 Da
References
- Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [Article]
- Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. [Article]
- Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. The cha...
- Gene Name
- CHRNA7
- Uniprot ID
- P36544
- Uniprot Name
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7
- Molecular Weight
- 56448.925 Da
References
- Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [Article]
- Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. [Article]
- Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory ne...
- Gene Name
- GRIA2
- Uniprot ID
- P42262
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate receptor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 98820.32 Da
References
- Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [Article]
- Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Kainate selective glutamate receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a co...
- Gene Name
- GRIK2
- Uniprot ID
- Q13002
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2
- Molecular Weight
- 102582.475 Da
References
- Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [Article]
- Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Voltage-gated cation channel activity
- Specific Function
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. This protein plays a key role in synaptic p...
Components:
References
- Daniell LC: Effect of anesthetic and convulsant barbiturates on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated calcium flux in brain membrane vesicles. Pharmacology. 1994 Nov;49(5):296-307. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- Curator comments
- This drug is a member of the barbiturate drug class, like phenobarbital, and is assumed to exert similar enzyme induction to that of phenobarbital.
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Sakuma T, Ohtake M, Katsurayama Y, Jarukamjorn K, Nemoto N: Induction of CYP1A2 by phenobarbital in the livers of aryl hydrocarbon-responsive and -nonresponsive mice. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Mar;27(3):379-84. [Article]
- Zaher H, Yang TJ, Gelboin HV, Fernandez-Salguero P, Gonzalez FJ: Effect of phenobarbital on hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in the Ahr-null mouse. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Jan 15;55(2):235-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inducer
- Curator comments
- Secobarbital is a member of the barbiturate class of medications. Many drugs in this class induce CYP2C19 metabolism.
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Visser LE, van Schaik RH, Jan Danser AH, Hofman A, Witteman JC, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HA, Stricker BH: The risk of myocardial infarction in patients with reduced activity of cytochrome P450 2C9. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2007 Jul;17(7):473-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- Curator comments
- Secobarbital is a member of the barbiturate drug class, which are known to induce CYP2C9.
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Visser LE, van Schaik RH, Jan Danser AH, Hofman A, Witteman JC, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HA, Stricker BH: The risk of myocardial infarction in patients with reduced activity of cytochrome P450 2C9. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2007 Jul;17(7):473-9. [Article]
- Chen Y, Ferguson SS, Negishi M, Goldstein JA: Induction of human CYP2C9 by rifampicin, hyperforin, and phenobarbital is mediated by the pregnane X receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):495-501. Epub 2003 Nov 4. [Article]
- Miners JO, Birkett DJ: Cytochrome P4502C9: an enzyme of major importance in human drug metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Jun;45(6):525-38. [Article]
- Gerbal-Chaloin S, Pascussi JM, Pichard-Garcia L, Daujat M, Waechter F, Fabre JM, Carrere N, Maurel P: Induction of CYP2C genes in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Mar;29(3):242-51. [Article]
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Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55