NAV

Demeclocycline

Identification

Summary

Demeclocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of susceptible bacterial infections.

Generic Name
Demeclocycline
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00618
Background

A tetracycline analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 464.853
Monoisotopic: 464.098643365
Chemical Formula
C21H21ClN2O8
Synonyms
  • [4S-(4α,4aα,5aα,6β,12aα)]-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide
  • 6-demethyl-7-chlorotetracycline
  • 7-chloro-6-demethyltetracycline
  • Demeclociclina
  • Demeclocycline
  • Demeclocyclinum
  • Demethylchlortetracyclin
  • Demethylchlortetracycline
  • DMCT
  • DMCTC
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Pharmacology

Indication

Used primarily to treat Lyme disease, acne, and bronchitis. Also indicated (but rarely used) to treat urinary tract infections, gum disease, malaria, and other bacterial infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. One of its other registered uses is the treatment of hyponatremia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofActinomycosis••••••••••••
Treatment ofAnthrax••••••••••••
Treatment ofBartonellosis••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatBrucellosisRegimen in combination with: Streptomycin (DB01082)••••••••••••
Treatment ofChlamydia••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Demeclocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic active against the following microorganisms: Rickettsiae (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsial pox, tick fevers), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (PPLO, Eaton agent), agents of psittacosis and ornithosis, agents of lymphogranulomavenereum and granuloma inguinale, the spirochetal agent of relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella pestis and Pasteurella tularensis, Bartonella bacilliformis, Bacteroides species, Vibrio comma and Vibrio fetus, and Brucella species (in conjunction with streptomycin). Demeclocycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. Demeclocycline is lipophilic and can easily pass through the cell membrane or passively diffuses through porin channels in the bacterial membrane. Demeclocycline is not a direct bactericidal agent; rather, it is a bacteriostatic drug that impairs bacterial growth. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.

Mechanism of action

Demeclocycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds (reversibly) to the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome, which impairs protein synthesis by bacteria. The binding is reversible in nature. The use in SIADH actually relies on a side-effect of tetracycline antibiotics; many may cause diabetes insipidus (dehydration due to the inability to concentrate urine). It is not completely understood why demeclocycline impairs the action of antidiuretic hormone, but it is thought that it blocks the binding of the hormone to its receptor.

TargetActionsOrganism
A30S ribosomal protein
inhibitor
UVasopressin V2 receptor
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Tetracyclines are readily absorbed.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

41-50%

Metabolism

Hepatic

Route of elimination

Demeclocycline hydrochloride, like other tetracyclines, is concentrated in the liver and excreted into the bile where it is found in much higher concentrations than in the blood. Following a single 150 mg dose of demeclocycline hydrochloride in normal volunteers, 44% (n = 8) was excreted in urine and 13% and 46%, respectively, were excreted in feces in two patients within 96 hours as active drug.

Half-life

10-17 hours

Clearance
  • Renal cl=35 mL/min/1.73 m2
Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Oral, rat: LD50 = 2372 mg/kg

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Demeclocycline Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
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AcenocoumarolDemeclocycline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
AcitretinThe risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Acitretin is combined with Demeclocycline.
AlitretinoinThe risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Alitretinoin is combined with Demeclocycline.
AlmasilateAlmasilate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Demeclocycline resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
AluminiumAluminium can cause a decrease in the absorption of Demeclocycline resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid milk and dairy products.
  • Avoid multivalent ions.
  • Take on an empty stomach.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Demeclocycline calciumSD6S4YY5HP17146-81-5UXOZEKMTWNWUFI-IQDXIELBSA-L
Demeclocycline hydrochloride29O079NTYT64-73-3GVSJQNRGSCOSNJ-KBHRXELFSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Declostatin / Ledermycin (Takeda)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DeclomycinTablet150 mgOralWyeth Ltd.1996-10-252007-08-13Canada flag
Declomycin - Tab 300mgTablet300 mgOralWyeth Ayerst Canada Inc.1997-10-152002-07-31Canada flag
Declomycin Tab 150mgTablet150 mg / tabOralLederle Cyanamid Canada Inc.1977-12-311997-08-14Canada flag
Declomycin Tab 300mgTablet300 mg / tabOralLederle Cyanamid Canada Inc.1966-12-311999-04-12Canada flag
Demeclocycline HydrochlorideTablet300 mg/1OralCore Pharma, Llc2012-08-282012-08-28US flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Demeclocycline HydrochlorideTablet, film coated150 mg/1OralTeva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.2005-01-042020-03-31US flag
Demeclocycline HydrochlorideTablet, film coated300 mg/1OralMarlex Pharmaceuticals Inc2016-07-01Not applicableUS flag
Demeclocycline HydrochlorideTablet300 mg/1OralMajor Pharmaceuticals2010-11-192013-09-30US flag
Demeclocycline HydrochlorideTablet, film coated300 mg/1OralVersaPharm Incorporated2008-12-15Not applicableUS flag
Demeclocycline HydrochlorideTablet300 mg/1OralAmerican Health Packaging2010-12-092023-10-31US flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Ledermix PasteDemeclocycline hydrochloride (30 mg/g) + Triamcinolone acetonide (10 mg/g)PasteDentalEsteve Pharmaceuticals Gmb H1963-08-14Not applicableAustria flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J01AA01 — DemeclocyclineD06AA01 — DemeclocyclineJ01AA20 — Combinations of tetracyclines
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetracyclines. These are polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Class
Tetracyclines
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Tetracyclines
Alternative Parents
Naphthacenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetralins / Aryl ketones / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Aralkylamines / Cyclohexenones / Aryl chlorides / Vinylogous acids / Tertiary alcohols
show 10 more
Substituents
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alcohol / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Anthracene carboxylic acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Aryl ketone
show 27 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
tetracyclines (CHEBI:4392)
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
5R5W9ICI6O
CAS number
127-33-3
InChI Key
FMTDIUIBLCQGJB-SEYHBJAFSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C21H21ClN2O8/c1-24(2)14-7-5-6-10(16(27)12-9(25)4-3-8(22)11(12)15(6)26)18(29)21(7,32)19(30)13(17(14)28)20(23)31/h3-4,6-7,14-15,25-26,28-29,32H,5H2,1-2H3,(H2,23,31)/t6-,7-,14-,15-,21-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
SMILES
[H][C@]12C[C@@]3([H])[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]3(O)C(O)=C1C(=O)C1=C([C@H]2O)C(Cl)=CC=C1O

References

Synthesis Reference

McCormick, J.R.D., Hirsch, U., Jensen, E.R. and Sjolander, N.O.; U.S. Patent 2,878,289; March 17, 1959; assigned to American Cyanamid Company. Szumski, S.A.; U.S. Patent 3,012,946; December 12,1961; assigned to American Cyanamid Company. Goodman, J.J. and Matrishin, M.; U.S. Patent 3,019,172; assigned to American Cyanamid Company. Goodman, J.J.; U.S. Patent 3,050,446; August 21, 1962; assigned to American Cyanamid Company. Neidleman, S. L.; US. Patent 3,154,476; October 27,1964; assigned to Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation.

General References
  1. De Troyer A, Demanet JC: Correction of antidiuresis by demeclocycline. N Engl J Med. 1975 Oct 30;293(18):915-8. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014756
KEGG Drug
D00290
PubChem Compound
54680690
PubChem Substance
46506314
ChemSpider
10482117
RxNav
3154
ChEBI
4392
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1591
ZINC
ZINC000100036924
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000402
PharmGKB
PA164745513
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Demeclocycline
MSDS
Download (51.5 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentEndodontic Disease / Postoperative pain / Root canal infection1
4CompletedTreatmentOsteoporosis1
1Unknown StatusDiagnosticBrain Neoplasm1
0TerminatedTreatmentOsteomyelitis1
Not AvailableWithdrawnNot AvailableBreast Cancer1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
  • Stiefel laboratories inc
  • Amneal pharmaceutical
  • Barr laboratories inc
  • Convenant pharma inc
  • Impax laboratories inc
  • Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
  • Elkins sinn div ah robins co inc
  • John j ferrante
  • Heather drug co inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Laboratorios atral sarl
  • Mm mast and co
  • Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Private formulations inc
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Superpharm corp
  • Valeant pharmaceuticals international
  • Warner chilcott inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • West ward pharmaceutical corp
  • Wyeth ayerst laboratories
  • Alpharma us pharmaceuticals division
  • Proter laboratory spa
Packagers
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Amneal Pharmaceuticals
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • Global Pharmaceuticals
  • Impax Laboratories Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Patheon Inc.
  • Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
  • Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
  • Stonebridge Pharmaceuticals
  • Versapharm Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral150 mg
TabletOral300 mg
TabletOral150 mg / tab
TabletOral300 mg / tab
TabletOral150 mg/1
TabletOral300 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral150 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral300 mg/1
Capsule
TabletOral
PasteDental
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Declomycin 300 mg tablet22.29USD tablet
Demeclocycline 300 mg tablet17.06USD tablet
Declomycin 150 mg tablet12.31USD tablet
Demeclocycline 150 mg tablet9.42USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)220-223 °CNot Available
water solubility1520 mg/L (at 21 °C)YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP0.2Not Available
logS-2.52ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.53 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.4ALOGPS
logP-3.2Chemaxon
logS-2.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.94Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.04Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count9Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count6Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area181.62 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity114.35 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability44.33 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.8161
Blood Brain Barrier-0.9659
Caco-2 permeable+0.5
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7387
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8835
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8615
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9375
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8197
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8739
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6802
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9045
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8995
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9231
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9025
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8851
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5128
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8478
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9182
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity1.8691 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9949
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.5633
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0a4i-9378400000-329aa1208117aab0f5e4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014j-0000900000-94a55c1ef9f82a4eee99
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-003s-0000900000-6a086b276ffba46cc377
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-01t9-0009600000-4a7251b9434c00d0c962
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-11or-3988500000-001334289ab953e6bfbc
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-1009200000-c3bacd55455b65faf6ef
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f7o-2096700000-805f07e8af1bc0830b2f
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-206.9240119
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-206.5577119
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-197.7843
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+204.2978119
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+207.7447119
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+199.8194
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+204.1542119
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+206.9747119
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+205.73192
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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1. 30S ribosomal protein
Kind
Group
Organism
Not Available
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
Group which encompasses the subunits of the 30S ribosomal protein not specific to any organism.
References
  1. Griffin MO, Fricovsky E, Ceballos G, Villarreal F: Tetracyclines: a pleitropic family of compounds with promising therapeutic properties. Review of the literature. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):C539-48. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00047.2010. Epub 2010 Jun 30. [Article]
  2. Chopra I, Roberts M: Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001 Jun;65(2):232-60 ; second page, table of contents. [Article]
Details2. Vasopressin V2 receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Vasopressin receptor activity
Specific Function
Receptor for arginine vasopressin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Involved in renal water reabsorption.
Gene Name
AVPR2
Uniprot ID
P30518
Uniprot Name
Vasopressin V2 receptor
Molecular Weight
40278.57 Da
References
  1. Narayen G, Mandal SN: Vasopressin receptor antagonists and their role in clinical medicine. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Mar;16(2):183-91. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.93734. [Article]
  2. Kortenoeven ML, Sinke AP, Hadrup N, Trimpert C, Wetzels JF, Fenton RA, Deen PM: Demeclocycline attenuates hyponatremia by reducing aquaporin-2 expression in the renal inner medulla. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2013 Dec 15;305(12):F1705-18. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00723.2012. Epub 2013 Oct 23. [Article]
  3. Eric Fliers, Marta Korbonits , J.A. Romijn (2014). Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Volume 124 (1st ed.). Elsevier.

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:47