Identification
- Summary
Testosterone is a hormone used to treat hypogonadism, breast carcinoma in women, or the vasomotor symptoms of menopause.
- Brand Names
- Androderm, Androgel, Axiron, Fortesta, Natesto, Striant, Testim, Testopel, Vogelxo
- Generic Name
- Testosterone
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00624
- Background
Testosterone is a steroid sex hormone indicated to treat primary hypogonadism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Testosterone antagonizes the androgen receptor to induce gene expression that causes the growth and development of masculine sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.5,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
Testosterone was isolated from samples and also synthesized in 1935.1
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Testosterone (DB00624)
- Weight
- Average: 288.4244
Monoisotopic: 288.20893014 - Chemical Formula
- C19H28O2
- Synonyms
- 17beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one
- 4-androsten-17β-ol-3-one
- Testosteron
- Testosterona
- Testostérone
- Testosterone
- Testosteronum
- Virosterone
- External IDs
- 4-08-00-00979
- BRN 3170544
- CCRIS 7082
- EINECS 206-253-5
- EINECS 227-712-6
- NSC-17591
- NSC-9700
Pharmacology
- Indication
Testosterone is indicated to treat primary hypogonadism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.14,15,16,17,18,19,20
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Delayed puberty Regimen in combination with: Testosterone enanthate (DB13944) •••••••••••• Treatment of Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism •••••••••••• Management of Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism •••••••••••• Management of Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism •••••••••••• Management of Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Testosterone antagonizes the androgen receptor to induce gene expression that causes the growth and development of masculine sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.5,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 The duration of action of testosterone is variable from patient to patient with a half life of 10-100 minutes.14,15,16,17,18,19,20 The therapeutic index is wide considering the normal testosterone levels in an adult man range from 300-1000ng/dL.14,16,17,18,19,20 Counsel patients regarding the risk of secondary exposure of testosterone topical products to children.14,16,17,18,19
- Mechanism of action
The androgen receptor exists in the cytoplasm bound to the heat shock proteins HSP90, HSP70, and other chaperones.5 After binding to an androgen, the androgen receptor dissociates from HSP90 and undergoes a conformational change to slow the rate of dissociation from the androgen receptor.5 The androgen-receptor complex is transported into the nucleus where it binds to DNA and recruits other transcriptional regulators to form a pre-initiation complex and eventually induce expression of specific genes.5
Testosterone and its active metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) antagonize the androgen receptor to develop masculine sex organs including the prostate, seminal vesicles, penis, and scrotum.4,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
Antagonism of the androgen receptor is also responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics including facial and body hair, enlargement of the larynx, thickening of the vocal cords, and changes in muscle and fat distribution.4,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
Target Actions Organism AAndrogen receptor agonistHumans UEstrogen receptor alpha inhibitorHumans UMineralocorticoid receptor ligandHumans - Absorption
A single 100mg topical dose of testosterone has an AUC of 10425±5521ng*h/dL and a Cmax of 573±284ng/dL.14 Testosterone is approximately 10% bioavailable topically.14,16,19
- Volume of distribution
The volume of distribution of testosterone in elderly men is 80.36±24.51L.2
- Protein binding
Testosterone is 40% bound to sex hormone binding globulin, 2% unbound, and the remainder is bound to albumin and other proteins.14,15,16,17,18,19,20
- Metabolism
Testosterone is metabolized to 17-keto steroids through two different pathways. The major active metabolites are estradiol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).14,15,16,17,18,19,20
Testosterone can be hydroxylated at a number of positions by CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19;6,8 glucuronidated by UGT2B17;11,12 sulfated;12 converted to estradiol by aromatase;10 converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase;7 metabolized to androstenedione by CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19;6 or converted to DHT glucuronide.13
Androstenedione undergoes metabolism by aromatase to form estrone,10 which undergoes a reversible reaction to form estradiol.13 Androstenedione can also be converted to 5α-androstanedione7 by 5α-reductase,9 which can be further metabolized to 5α-androsterone.7
DHT can be glucuronidated13 or sulfated, or metabolized to 5α-androstanediol,7 androstane-3α,17β-diol, or androstane-3β,17β-diol.10 DHT can also be reversibly converted to 5α-androstanedione.7
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
90% of an intramuscular dose is eliminated in urine, mainly as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.14,15,16,17,18,19,20 6% is eliminated in feces, mostly as unconjugated metabolites.14,15,16,17,18,19,20
- Half-life
The half life of testosterone is highly variable, ranging from 10-100 minutes.14,15,16,17,18,19,20
- Clearance
The mean metabolic clearance in middle aged men is 812±64L/day.3
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Data regarding an overdose with a topical testosterone product is not readily available.14,15,16,17,18,19,20 In the case of overdose with an injectable product, patients may present with a cerebrovascular event.14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Treat overdoses by stopping testosterone products, washing off any topical products with soap and water, and initiating symptomatic and supportive treatments.14,15,16,17,18,19,20
- Pathways
Pathway Category 17-beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase III Deficiency Disease Androstenedione Metabolism Metabolic Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism Metabolic Aromatase Deficiency Disease - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Testosterone may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abametapir The serum concentration of Testosterone can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Testosterone can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abciximab Testosterone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Abciximab. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Testosterone. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Andronate 100 / Andronate 200 / Andropatch (GlaxoSmithKline) / Andropository 200 / Andryl 200 / Bio-T-Gel (BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.) / Nebido (Bayer) / Sustanon (Organon) / Synandrol F / Testamone 100 / Testaqua IM / Testoderm / Testoderm TTS / Testogel (Bayer) / Testolin / Testopatch (Pierre Fabre) / Testopel Pellets / Testrin-P.A / Testro AQ / Virormone (Nordic Pharma)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Androderm Patch 2.5 mg/1d Transdermal Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2007-11-13 2011-06-30 US 
Androderm Patch 4 mg/1d Transdermal Allergan, Inc. 1995-09-29 2024-09-30 US Androderm Patch 4 mg/1d Transdermal Actavis Pharma, Inc. 1995-09-29 2020-01-31 US Androderm Patch 24.3 mg/1 Transdermal Watson Pharma, Inc. 2006-09-19 2006-09-19 US Androderm Patch 2 mg/1d Transdermal Actavis Pharma, Inc. 1995-09-29 2020-01-31 US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Testopel Pellet 75 mg/1 Subcutaneous Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2014-10-31 Not applicable US Testopel Pellet 75 mg/1 Subcutaneous Slate Pharma 2009-07-21 Not applicable US Testosterone Solution 30 mg/1.5mL Topical Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2018-02-23 Not applicable US Testosterone Solution 30 mg/1.5mL Topical bryant ranch prepack 2017-06-28 Not applicable US Testosterone Gel 10 mg/1g Topical Actavis Pharma, Inc. 2015-12-04 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Testosterone Testosterone (200 mg/1) Pellet Oral Qualgen Llc 2015-09-01 Not applicable US Testosterone Testosterone (87.5 mg/1) Pellet Oral Qualgen Llc 2015-09-01 Not applicable US Testosterone Testosterone (37.5 mg/1) Pellet Oral Qualgen Llc 2015-09-01 Not applicable US Testosterone Testosterone (50 mg/1) Pellet Oral Qualgen Llc 2015-09-01 Not applicable US Testosterone Testosterone (25 mg/1) Pellet Oral Qualgen Llc 2015-09-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- G03BA03 — Testosterone
- G03BA — 3-oxoandrosten (4) derivatives
- G03B — ANDROGENS
- G03 — SEX HORMONES AND MODULATORS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- Drug Categories
- 3-Oxoandrosten (4) Derivatives
- Anabolic Steroids
- Androgens
- Androgens and Estrogens
- Androstanes
- Androstenes
- Androstenols
- BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Fused-Ring Compounds
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Gonadal Hormones
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Inducers
- OATP1B3 substrates
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Sex Hormones and Modulators of the Genital System
- Steroids
- Testosterone and derivatives
- Testosterone Congeners
- Thyroxine-binding globulin inhibitors
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Steroids and steroid derivatives
- Sub Class
- Androstane steroids
- Direct Parent
- Androgens and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- 3-oxo delta-4-steroids / 17-hydroxysteroids / Delta-4-steroids / Cyclohexenones / Secondary alcohols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- 17-hydroxysteroid / 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid / 3-oxosteroid / Alcohol / Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Androgen-skeleton / Carbonyl group / Cyclic alcohol / Cyclic ketone / Cyclohexenone
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- 3-oxo steroid, 17beta-hydroxy steroid, androstanoid (CHEBI:17347) / androstane, C19 steroids (androgens) and derivatives, Androstane and derivatives, Androgens (C00535) / C19 steroids (androgens) and derivatives (LMST02020002)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 3XMK78S47O
- CAS number
- 58-22-0
- InChI Key
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1S,3aS,3bR,9aR,9bS,11aS)-1-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,7H,8H,9H,9aH,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C
References
- Synthesis Reference
Merle G. Wovcha, Frederick J. Antosz, John M. Beaton, Alfred B. Garcia, Leo A. Kominek, "Process for preparing 9.alpha.-OH testosterone." U.S. Patent US4221868, issued November, 1977.
US4221868- General References
- Nieschlag E, Nieschlag S: ENDOCRINE HISTORY: The history of discovery, synthesis and development of testosterone for clinical use. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Jun 1;180(6):R201-R212. doi: 10.1530/EJE-19-0071. [Article]
- White CM, Ferraro-Borgida MJ, Moyna NM, McGill CC, Ahlberg AW, Thompson PD, Chow MS, Heller GV: The pharmacokinetics of intravenous testosterone in elderly men with coronary artery disease. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;38(9):792-7. [Article]
- Wang C, Catlin DH, Starcevic B, Leung A, DiStefano E, Lucas G, Hull L, Swerdloff RS: Testosterone metabolic clearance and production rates determined by stable isotope dilution/tandem mass spectrometry in normal men: influence of ethnicity and age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2936-41. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031802. [Article]
- Handelsman DJ: Mechanisms of action of testosterone--unraveling a Gordian knot. N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 12;369(11):1058-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe1305307. [Article]
- Ferraldeschi R, Welti J, Luo J, Attard G, de Bono JS: Targeting the androgen receptor pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer: progresses and prospects. Oncogene. 2015 Apr 2;34(14):1745-57. doi: 10.1038/onc.2014.115. Epub 2014 May 19. [Article]
- Choi MH, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR: Characterization of testosterone 11 beta-hydroxylation catalyzed by human liver microsomal cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):714-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.003327. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [Article]
- Price VH: Testosterone metabolism in the skin. A review of its function in androgenetic alopecia, acne vulgaris, and idiopathic hirsutism including recent studies with antiandrogens. Arch Dermatol. 1975 Nov;111(11):1496-1502. doi: 10.1001/archderm.111.11.1496. [Article]
- Ekins S, Vandenbranden M, Ring BJ, Gillespie JS, Yang TJ, Gelboin HV, Wrighton SA: Further characterization of the expression in liver and catalytic activity of CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1253-9. [Article]
- Weisser H, Krieg M: Kinetic analysis of androstenedione 5 alpha-reductase in epithelium and stroma of human prostate. Steroids. 1997 Aug-Sep;62(8-9):589-94. doi: 10.1016/s0039-128x(97)00042-1. [Article]
- Ishikawa T, Glidewell-Kenney C, Jameson JL: Aromatase-independent testosterone conversion into estrogenic steroids is inhibited by a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Feb;98(2-3):133-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.09.004. Epub 2005 Dec 28. [Article]
- Sten T, Bichlmaier I, Kuuranne T, Leinonen A, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Finel M: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 2B7 and UGT2B17 display converse specificity in testosterone and epitestosterone glucuronidation, whereas UGT2A1 conjugates both androgens similarly. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Feb;37(2):417-23. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.024844. Epub 2008 Nov 20. [Article]
- Gomes RL, Meredith W, Snape CE, Sephton MA: Analysis of conjugated steroid androgens: deconjugation, derivatisation and associated issues. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009 Jul 12;49(5):1133-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.01.027. Epub 2009 Jan 31. [Article]
- Ishimaru T, Edmiston A, Pages L, Horton R: Direct conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone glucuronide in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978 Dec;47(6):1282-6. doi: 10.1210/jcem-47-6-1282. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Vogelxo Testosterone Gel [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Natesto (Testosterone) Nasal Gel [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Testim (Testosterone) Topical Gel [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Fortesta Testosterone Topical Gel [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Androgel 1.62% Testosterone Topical Gel [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Androgel 1% Testosterone Topical Gel [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Androderm Testosterone Transdermal System [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000234
- KEGG Drug
- D00075
- KEGG Compound
- C00535
- PubChem Compound
- 6013
- PubChem Substance
- 46505691
- ChemSpider
- 5791
- BindingDB
- 8885
- 10379
- ChEBI
- 17347
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL386630
- ZINC
- ZINC000118912393
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000841
- PharmGKB
- PA451627
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- PDBe Ligand
- TES
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Testosterone
- PDB Entries
- 1afs / 1i9j / 1j96 / 1jtv / 1q13 / 1vpo / 2am9 / 2q7i / 2q7j / 2q7k … show 22 more
- FDA label
- Download (738 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (49.6 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Supportive Care Testicular Hypogonadism 1 4 Completed Not Available Muscle Weakness / Muscular Atrophy 1 4 Completed Basic Science Abuse of Anabolic Steroids 1 4 Completed Basic Science Dyssocial Behavior 1 4 Completed Basic Science Placebos / Testosterone 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Heather drug co inc
- Valeant pharmaceuticals international
- Schering corp sub schering plough corp
- Novartis pharmaceuticals corp
- Impax laboratories inc
- Eli lilly and co
- Purepac pharmaceutical co
- Private formulations inc
- Tablicaps inc
- Usl pharma inc
- Inwood laboratories inc sub forest laboratories inc
- Kv pharmaceutical co
- Lannett co inc
- Parke davis div warner lambert co
- Watson laboratories inc
- West ward pharmaceutical corp
- Alza corp
- Unimed pharmaceuticals inc
- Auxilium pharmaceuticals
- Par pharmaceutical
- Watson laboratories
- Slate pharmaceuticals inc
- Columbia laboratories inc
- Pharmacia and upjohn co
- Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
- Paddock laboratories inc
- Sandoz canada inc
- Synerx pharma llc
- Endo pharmaceutical solutions inc
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Packagers
- Abraxis BioScience Inc.
- Amneal Pharmaceuticals
- Andapharm
- Anip Acquisition Co.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Auxilium Pharmaceuticals
- Bartor Pharmaceutical
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- C.O. Truxton Inc.
- Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
- Columbia Labs
- Contract Pharm
- Creekwood Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Cutis Pharma Inc.
- Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- DPT Laboratories Ltd.
- Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Glenmark Generics Ltd.
- Global Pharmaceuticals
- Indevus Pharmaceuticals
- Laboratoires Besins International
- Lannett Co. Inc.
- Lunsco Inc.
- Marlex Pharmaceuticals
- Martica Enterprises Inc.
- Martin Surgical Supply
- Medisca Inc.
- Merit Pharmaceuticals
- Microtest Laboratories Inc.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- National Pharmaceuticals
- Paddock Labs
- Pharmaceutics International Inc.
- Pharmacia Inc.
- Pharmaforce Inc.
- Pharmascience Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Prasco Labs
- Primedics Laboratories
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
- Sandoz
- Schering-Plough Inc.
- Schwarz Pharma Inc.
- Slate Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Star Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Stat Rx Usa
- Syntho Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- UNIMED
- Unimed Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Valeant Ltd.
- Watson Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 40 MG Patch Transdermal 12.2 mg/1 Patch Transdermal 2 mg/1d Patch Transdermal 2.5 mg/1d Patch Transdermal 2.5 mg / 24 hour Patch Transdermal 24.3 mg/1 Patch Transdermal 4 mg/1d Patch Transdermal 5 mg/1d Patch Transdermal 5 mg / 24 hour Gel Gel Cutaneous Gel Transdermal 1 % Gel Transdermal 10 mg/1g Gel Transdermal 12.5 mg / act Gel Transdermal 16.2 mg/1g Gel Topical 1 g Gel 16.2 mg/g Gel Intramuscular 25 mg Gel Cutaneous 0.025 g Gel 25 mg Gel Intramuscular 50 mg Gel Cutaneous 0.05 g Gel 50 mg Solution Topical 30 mg/1.5mL Solution Transdermal 30 mg / act Solution Topical 30 mg Solution Topical Patch Transdermal 300 micrograms/24hours Gel Cutaneous 0.0500 g Suspension Intramuscular 100 mg / mL Gel Nasal 4.5 % w/w Gel Nasal 5.5 mg/1 Gel, metered Nasal 5.5 mg/0.122g Injection, solution Intramuscular 1000 MG/4ML Tablet Buccal Tablet Buccal 30 mg/1 Injection, solution Intramuscular 250 MG/ML Injection, solution 250 mg/ml Gel Extracorporeal; Transdermal 20 MG/G Gel 20 mg/g Gel Topical 50 mg/5g Gel Transdermal 50 mg/5g Injection, solution Intramuscular Pellet, implantable Subcutaneous 100 mg/1 Gel Cutaneous 25 mg Gel Cutaneous 50 mg Injection, solution 1000 MG Pellet Subcutaneous 75 mg/1 Gel Topical 10 mg/1g Gel Topical 12.5 mg/1.25g Gel Topical 16.2 mg/1g Gel Topical 20.25 mg/1.25g Gel Topical 40.5 mg/2.5g Gel Transdermal 25 mg/2.5g Gel, metered Topical 10 mg/0.5g Gel, metered Topical 12.5 mg/1 Gel, metered Topical 20.25 mg/1.25g Gel, metered Transdermal 1.62 mg/1g Gel, metered Transdermal 20.25 mg/1.25g Pellet Oral 100 mg/1 Pellet Oral 200 mg/1 Pellet Oral 25 mg/1 Pellet Oral 37.5 mg/1 Pellet Oral 50 mg/1 Pellet Oral 87.5 mg/1 Pellet Oral Pellet, implantable Parenteral 200 mg/1 Pellet Subcutaneous 12.5 mg/1 Powder Not applicable 1 g/1g Patch Transdermal Injection, solution Intramuscular; Parenteral 100 MG/2ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Parenteral 50 MG/2ML Tablet Buccal 10 MG Pellet, implantable Subcutaneous Gel 2 % Gel Extracorporeal 2 % - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit AndroGel Pump 1% Gel (1 Box Contains Two 75 gm Bottles) 290.63USD box Androderm 60 2.5 mg/24hr Patches 1 Box = 60 Patches 278.56USD box Androderm 30 5 mg/24hr Patches 1 Box = 30 Patches 277.53USD box AndroGel (each Box Contains Thirty - 50 mg/5 gm Packets) 150 gm Box 274.58USD box AndroGel (each Box Contains Thirty - 25 mg/2.5 gm Packets) 75 gm Box 270.61USD box Delatestryl 200 mg/ml Oil 5ml Vial 93.98USD vial Testosterone Cypionate 200 mg/ml Oil 10ml Vial 88.99USD vial Testosterone Cypionate 100 mg/ml Oil 10ml Vial 57.99USD vial Depo-Testosterone 200 mg/ml Oil 1ml Vial 34.99USD vial Testosterone cypionate powd 32.74USD g Testosterone Cypionate 200 mg/ml Oil 1ml Vial 28.99USD vial Depo-testosterone 200 mg/ml 28.63USD ml Testopel 75 mg pellets 27.5USD pellet Testosterone cyp 200 mg/ml 23.18USD ml Delatestryl 200 mg/ml vial 19.86USD ml Testred 10 mg capsule 17.6USD capsule Testosterone enan 200 mg/ml 16.99USD ml Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg/ml Oil 16.66USD ml Depo-Testosterone 200 mg/ml Oil 13.23USD ml Android 10 mg capsule 11.91USD capsule Delatestryl 200 mg/ml 10.75USD ml Testim 1% Gel 5 gm Tube 10.08USD tube Androderm 5 mg/24hr patch 10.06USD patch Methyltestosterone powder 8.54USD g Depo-Testosterone 100 mg/ml Oil 7.87USD ml Depo-testosterone 100 mg/ml vial 7.67USD ml Testosterone powder 6.25USD g Testosterone propionate powder 6.25USD g Testosterone cyp 100 mg/ml 5.91USD ml Androderm 2.5 mg/24hr patch 5.03USD patch Methitest 10 mg tablet 4.84USD tablet Striant 30 mg Miscellaneous 4.32USD ea Striant 30 mg mucoadhesive 4.31USD each Depo-Testosterone Cypionate 100 mg/ml 2.98USD ml Testim 1%(50 mg) gel 2.47USD g Testosterone Cypionate 100 mg/ml 2.23USD ml Androgel 1% gel pump 1.92USD g First-testosterone mc 2% cr 0.91USD g First 2% testosterone oint 0.88USD g First-Testosterone 2% Ointment 0.86USD gm DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5152997 No 1992-10-06 2010-12-11 US CA2366856 No 2006-05-16 2020-03-27 Canada 
CA1332570 No 1994-10-18 2011-10-18 Canada US6348210 No 2002-02-19 2019-11-10 US US5840327 No 1998-11-24 2016-08-15 US US6503894 Yes 2003-01-07 2021-03-01 US US9132089 Yes 2015-09-15 2021-03-02 US US9125816 Yes 2015-09-08 2021-03-02 US US6299900 No 2001-10-09 2017-02-19 US US6818226 No 2004-11-16 2017-02-19 US US6923983 No 2005-08-02 2017-02-19 US US7320968 No 2008-01-22 2025-01-18 US US7608605 No 2009-10-27 2023-04-21 US US7608606 No 2009-10-27 2023-04-21 US US7608607 No 2009-10-27 2023-04-21 US US7608608 No 2009-10-27 2023-04-21 US US7608609 No 2009-10-27 2023-04-21 US US7608610 No 2009-10-27 2023-04-21 US US7935690 No 2011-05-03 2023-04-21 US US8063029 No 2011-11-22 2023-04-21 US US8178518 No 2012-05-15 2023-04-21 US US6319913 No 2001-11-20 2018-11-09 US US6579865 No 2003-06-17 2018-11-09 US US6248358 No 2001-06-19 2019-08-23 US US8466138 No 2013-06-18 2026-10-12 US US8466137 No 2013-06-18 2026-10-12 US US8741881 No 2014-06-03 2026-10-12 US US8729057 No 2014-05-20 2026-10-12 US US8759329 No 2014-06-24 2026-10-12 US US8466136 No 2013-06-18 2026-10-12 US US8486925 No 2013-07-16 2026-10-12 US US8754070 No 2014-06-17 2026-10-12 US US9289586 No 2016-03-22 2027-02-26 US US9180194 No 2015-11-10 2026-06-02 US US8071075 No 2011-12-06 2017-02-19 US US8419307 No 2013-04-16 2027-02-26 US US8784878 No 2014-07-22 2023-07-13 US US8807861 No 2014-08-19 2027-02-26 US US8435944 No 2013-05-07 2027-09-27 US US8993520 No 2015-03-31 2026-06-02 US US8877230 No 2014-11-04 2024-02-04 US US8784882 No 2014-07-22 2024-02-04 US US8574622 No 2013-11-05 2024-02-04 US US8784869 No 2014-07-22 2024-02-04 US US8338395 No 2012-12-25 2026-02-27 US US7718640 No 2010-05-18 2027-03-14 US US9295675 No 2016-03-29 2034-02-11 US US8785426 No 2014-07-22 2034-02-11 US US9622340 No 2017-04-11 2034-02-11 US US9662340 No 2017-05-30 2034-02-11 US US11090312 No 2021-08-17 2034-03-17 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 155 °C PhysProp water solubility 23.4 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003) logP 3.32 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) Caco2 permeability -4.34 ADME Research, USCD - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0333 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.99 ALOGPS logP 3.37 Chemaxon logS -3.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 18.52 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -0.88 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 37.3 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 84.43 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 33.88 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 4 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.973 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8984 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.6498 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.5489 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8923 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7324 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8167 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7739 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9005 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.95 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9452 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6668 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8812 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8683 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9382 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9483 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9174 Rat acute toxicity 1.6259 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8938 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7163
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (13.5 KB)
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 176.9366819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 177.3824819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 176.9622819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 177.4822819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 171.66342 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 178.1032819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 176.2497031 predictedDarkChem Standard v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 177.2672819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 178.2373819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 173.85826 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 177.4119819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 188.9089057 predictedDarkChem Standard v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 177.2672819 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 179.98906 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription ...
- Gene Name
- AR
- Uniprot ID
- P10275
- Uniprot Name
- Androgen receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 98987.9 Da
References
- Small EJ, Ryan CJ: The case for secondary hormonal therapies in the chemotherapy age. J Urol. 2006 Dec;176(6 Pt 2):S66-71. [Article]
- Omwancha J, Brown TR: Selective androgen receptor modulators: in pursuit of tissue-selective androgens. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2006 Oct;7(10):873-81. [Article]
- Petraki CD, Sfikas CP: Histopathological changes induced by therapies in the benign prostate and prostate adenocarcinoma. Histol Histopathol. 2007 Jan;22(1):107-18. [Article]
- Maudsley S, Davidson L, Pawson AJ, Freestone SH, Lopez de Maturana R, Thomson AA, Millar RP: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone functionally antagonizes testosterone activation of the human androgen receptor in prostate cells through focal adhesion complexes involving Hic-5. Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84(5):285-300. Epub 2007 Jan 4. [Article]
- Lapauw B, Goemaere S, Crabbe P, Kaufman JM, Ruige JB: Is the effect of testosterone on body composition modulated by the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in elderly men? Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 Mar;156(3):395-401. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissu...
- Gene Name
- ESR1
- Uniprot ID
- P03372
- Uniprot Name
- Estrogen receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 66215.45 Da
References
- Kojima H, Iida M, Katsura E, Kanetoshi A, Hori Y, Kobayashi K: Effects of a diphenyl ether-type herbicide, chlornitrofen, and its amino derivative on androgen and estrogen receptor activities. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Apr;111(4):497-502. [Article]
- Zhou J, Ng S, Adesanya-Famuiya O, Anderson K, Bondy CA: Testosterone inhibits estrogen-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and suppresses estrogen receptor expression. FASEB J. 2000 Sep;14(12):1725-30. doi: 10.1096/fj.99-0863com. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Ligand
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates targ...
- Gene Name
- NR3C2
- Uniprot ID
- P08235
- Uniprot Name
- Mineralocorticoid receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 107066.575 Da
References
- Takeda AN, Pinon GM, Bens M, Fagart J, Rafestin-Oblin ME, Vandewalle A: The synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (r1881) acts as a potent antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;71(2):473-82. Epub 2006 Nov 14. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInducer
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Zhang T, Zhu Y, Gunaratna C: Rapid and quantitative determination of metabolites from multiple cytochrome P450 probe substrates by gradient liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Nov 25;780(2):371-9. [Article]
- Kandel SE, Han LW, Mao Q, Lampe JN: Digging Deeper into CYP3A Testosterone Metabolism: Kinetic, Regioselectivity, and Stereoselectivity Differences between CYP3A4/5 and CYP3A7. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Dec;45(12):1266-1275. doi: 10.1124/dmd.117.078055. Epub 2017 Oct 6. [Article]
- Usmani KA, Tang J: Human cytochrome P450: metabolism of testosterone by CYP3A4 and inhibition by ketoconazole. Curr Protoc Toxicol. 2004 Jun;Chapter 4:Unit4.13. doi: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0413s20. [Article]
- Han JH, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee SY, Myung SC: Association between cytochrome CYP17A1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A43 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in a Korean study population. Asian J Androl. 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):285-91. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.133320. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Source [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Niwa T, Narita K, Okamoto A, Murayama N, Yamazaki H: Comparison of Steroid Hormone Hydroxylations by and Docking to Human Cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2019;22(1):332-339. doi: 10.18433/jpps30558. [Article]
- Han JH, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee SY, Myung SC: Association between cytochrome CYP17A1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A43 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in a Korean study population. Asian J Androl. 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):285-91. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.133320. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A7
- Uniprot ID
- P24462
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A7
- Molecular Weight
- 57525.03 Da
References
- Ohmori S, Fujiki N, Nakasa H, Nakamura H, Ishii I, Itahashi K, Kitada M: Steroid hydroxylation by human fetal CYP3A7 and human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase coexpressed in insect cells using baculovirus. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1998 Apr;100(1):15-28. [Article]
- Han JH, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee SY, Myung SC: Association between cytochrome CYP17A1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A43 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in a Korean study population. Asian J Androl. 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):285-91. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.133320. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Exhibits low testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity.
- Gene Name
- CYP3A43
- Uniprot ID
- Q9HB55
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A43
- Molecular Weight
- 57669.21 Da
References
- Han JH, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee SY, Myung SC: Association between cytochrome CYP17A1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A43 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in a Korean study population. Asian J Androl. 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):285-91. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.133320. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens.
- Gene Name
- CYP19A1
- Uniprot ID
- P11511
- Uniprot Name
- Aromatase
- Molecular Weight
- 57882.48 Da
References
- Morale MC, L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Giaquinta G, Caniglia S, Testa N, Arcieri P, Serra PA, Lupo G, Alberghina M, Harada N, Honda S, Panzica GC, Marchetti B: Loss of aromatase cytochrome P450 function as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease? Brain Res Rev. 2008 Mar;57(2):431-43. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.10.011. Epub 2007 Nov 7. [Article]
- Wang ZJ, Jeffs B, Ito M, Achermann JC, Yu RN, Hales DB, Jameson JL: Aromatase (Cyp19) expression is up-regulated by targeted disruption of Dax1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 3;98(14):7988-93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.141543298. Epub 2001 Jun 26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Serotonin binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
- Gene Name
- MAOA
- Uniprot ID
- P21397
- Uniprot Name
- Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
- Molecular Weight
- 59681.27 Da
References
- Sjoberg RL, Ducci F, Barr CS, Newman TK, Dell'osso L, Virkkunen M, Goldman D: A non-additive interaction of a functional MAO-A VNTR and testosterone predicts antisocial behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Jan;33(2):425-30. Epub 2007 Apr 11. [Article]
- Hoff KM: Interaction of testosterone with monoamineoxidase in mouse brain maturation. Gen Pharmacol. 1977;8(1):55-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, nad(p)h as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the side-chain cleavage reaction of cholesterol to pregnenolone.
- Gene Name
- CYP11A1
- Uniprot ID
- P05108
- Uniprot Name
- Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 60101.87 Da
References
- Kostic TS, Stojkov NJ, Bjelic MM, Mihajlovic AI, Janjic MM, Andric SA: Pharmacological doses of testosterone upregulated androgen receptor and 3-Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5-delta-4 isomerase and impaired leydig cells steroidogenesis in adult rats. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Jun;121(2):397-407. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr063. Epub 2011 Apr 6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P04798
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A1
- Molecular Weight
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Schwarz D, Kisselev P, Schunck WH, Chernogolov A, Boidol W, Cascorbi I, Roots I: Allelic variants of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1): effect of T461N and I462V substitutions on steroid hydroxylase specificity. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Aug;10(6):519-30. [Article]
- Urban P, Truan G, Pompon D: High-throughput functional screening of steroid substrates with wild-type and chimeric P450 enzymes. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:764102. doi: 10.1155/2014/764102. Epub 2014 Aug 26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q16678
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 60845.33 Da
References
- Shimada T, Watanabe J, Kawajiri K, Sutter TR, Guengerich FP, Gillam EM, Inoue K: Catalytic properties of polymorphic human cytochrome P450 1B1 variants. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Aug;20(8):1607-13. doi: 10.1093/carcin/20.8.1607. [Article]
- Zhang H, Li L, Xu Y: CYP1B1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 4;8(7):e68634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068634. Print 2013. [Article]
- Pingili AK, Thirunavukkarasu S, Kara M, Brand DD, Katsurada A, Majid DS, Navar LG, Gonzalez FJ, Malik KU: 6beta-Hydroxytestosterone, a Cytochrome P450 1B1-Testosterone-Metabolite, Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Male Mice. Hypertension. 2016 May;67(5):916-26. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06936. Epub 2016 Feb 29. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Exhibits a coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Active in the metabolic activation of hexamethylphosphoramide, N,N-dimethylaniline, 2'-methoxyacetophenone, N-nitrosomethylphenylamine, and the tobacco-s...
- Gene Name
- CYP2A13
- Uniprot ID
- Q16696
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2A13
- Molecular Weight
- 56687.095 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Ekins S, Vandenbranden M, Ring BJ, Gillespie JS, Yang TJ, Gelboin HV, Wrighton SA: Further characterization of the expression in liver and catalytic activity of CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1253-9. [Article]
- Rendic S, Nolteernsting E, Schanzer W: Metabolism of anabolic steroids by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of metabolites. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 Nov 26;735(1):73-83. [Article]
- Yang TJ, Krausz KW, Shou M, Yang SK, Buters JT, Gonzalez FJ, Gelboin HV: Inhibitory monoclonal antibody to human cytochrome P450 2B6. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 May 15;55(10):1633-40. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00018-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Zhang JG, Dehal SS, Ho T, Johnson J, Chandler C, Blanchard AP, Clark RJ Jr, Crespi CL, Stresser DM, Wong J: Human cytochrome p450 induction and inhibition potential of clevidipine and its primary metabolite h152/81. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 May;34(5):734-7. Epub 2006 Feb 24. [Article]
- Yamazaki H, Shimada T: Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0302. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Backman JT, Filppula AM, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ: Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241. doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011411. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Pardridge WM: Serum bioavailability of sex steroid hormones. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 May;15(2):259-78. [Article]
- Guechot J, Loric S, Vaubourdolle M, Chretien Y, Giboudeau J, Poupon R: Effect of protein binding on testosterone extraction by human cirrhotic liver: evidence for a dissociation-limited uptake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989 Jul;69(1):200-3. doi: 10.1210/jcem-69-1-200. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Androgen binding
- Specific Function
- Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
- Gene Name
- SHBG
- Uniprot ID
- P04278
- Uniprot Name
- Sex hormone-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 43778.755 Da
References
- Pardridge WM: Serum bioavailability of sex steroid hormones. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 May;15(2):259-78. [Article]
- Guechot J, Loric S, Vaubourdolle M, Chretien Y, Giboudeau J, Poupon R: Effect of protein binding on testosterone extraction by human cirrhotic liver: evidence for a dissociation-limited uptake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989 Jul;69(1):200-3. doi: 10.1210/jcem-69-1-200. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Kobayashi Y, Hirokawa N, Ohshiro N, Sekine T, Sasaki T, Tokuyama S, Endou H, Yamamoto T: Differential gene expression of organic anion transporters in male and female rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jan 11;290(1):482-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulf...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A7
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y694
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 7
- Molecular Weight
- 60025.025 Da
References
- Kobayashi Y, Hirokawa N, Ohshiro N, Sekine T, Sasaki T, Tokuyama S, Endou H, Yamamoto T: Differential gene expression of organic anion transporters in male and female rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jan 11;290(1):482-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presenc...
- Gene Name
- SLC10A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q14973
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium/bile acid cotransporter
- Molecular Weight
- 38118.64 Da
References
- Schroeder A, Eckhardt U, Stieger B, Tynes R, Schteingart CD, Hofmann AF, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Substrate specificity of the rat liver Na(+)-bile salt cotransporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in CHO cells. Am J Physiol. 1998 Feb;274(2 Pt 1):G370-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- Janvilisri T, Venter H, Shahi S, Reuter G, Balakrishnan L, van Veen HW: Sterol transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) expressed in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20645-51. Epub 2003 Mar 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NPD5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
- Molecular Weight
- 77402.175 Da
References
- Cho E, Montgomery RB, Mostaghel EA: Minireview: SLCO and ABC transporters: a role for steroid transport in prostate cancer progression. Endocrinology. 2014 Nov;155(11):4124-32. doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1337. Epub 2014 Aug 22. [Article]
- Sharifi N, Hamada A, Sissung T, Danesi R, Venzon D, Baum C, Gulley JL, Price DK, Dahut WL, Figg WD: A polymorphism in a transporter of testosterone is a determinant of androgen independence in prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2008 Aug 5;102(5):617-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07629.x. Epub 2008 Jun 4. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55