Identification
- Summary
Hydroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension as well as edema due to congestive heart failure and liver cirrhosis.
- Brand Names
- Saluron
- Generic Name
- Hydroflumethiazide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00774
- Background
A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
- Structure
Structure for Hydroflumethiazide (DB00774)
- Weight
- Average: 331.292
Monoisotopic: 330.990831754 - Chemical Formula
- C8H8F3N3O4S2
- Synonyms
- Dihydroflumethazide
- Hidroflumetiazid
- Hidroflumetiazida
- Hydrofluméthiazide
- Hydroflumethiazide
- Hydroflumethiazidum
- Idroflumetiazide
- Metforylthiadiazin
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. Also used in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effect of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension.
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Adjunct therapy in treatment of Edema •••••••••••• •••••• Adjunct therapy in treatment of Edema •••••••••••• •••••• Adjunct therapy in treatment of Edema •••••••••••• •••••• Adjunct therapy in treatment of Edema •••••••••••• •••••• Adjunct therapy in treatment of Edema •••••••••••• •••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Hydroflumethiazide is an oral thiazide used to treat hypertension and edema. High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. Like other thiazides, Hydroflumethiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). Thiazides inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue.
- Mechanism of action
Hydroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, Hydroflumethiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.
Target Actions Organism ASolute carrier family 12 member 1 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 7 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 9 inhibitorHumans USodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 inducerHumans UCalcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 inducerHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 1 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 2 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 4 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 12 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Hydroflumethiazide is incompletely but fairly rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
74%
- Metabolism
Essentially unchanged
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
It appears to have a biphasic biological half-life with an estimated alpha-phase of about 2 hours and an estimated beta-phase of about 17 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Overdoses lead to diuresis, lethargy progressing to coma, with minimal cardiorespiratory depression and with or without significant serum electrolyte changes or dehydration.
- Pathways
Pathway Category Hydroflumethiazide Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Hydroflumethiazide may increase the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Abaloparatide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroflumethiazide is combined with Abaloparatide. Abciximab The therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroflumethiazide. Acarbose The therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroflumethiazide. Acebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of Acebutolol can be increased when used in combination with Hydroflumethiazide. - Food Interactions
- Increase consumption of potassium-rich foods. This medication may cause a loss of potassium.
Products
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- Leodrine (Leo)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Saluron Tablet 50 mg/1 Oral UNSPECIFIED 2006-07-19 Not applicable US 
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C03AA02 — Hydroflumethiazide
- C03AA — Thiazides, plain
- C03A — LOW-CEILING DIURETICS, THIAZIDES
- C03 — DIURETICS
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- G01AE — Sulfonamides
- G01A — ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
- G01 — GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- C03AH — Thiazides, combinations with psycholeptics and/or analgesics
- C03A — LOW-CEILING DIURETICS, THIAZIDES
- C03 — DIURETICS
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Amides
- Antihypertensive Agents
- Benzothiadiazines
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Diuretics
- Drugs causing inadvertant photosensitivity
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Gynecological Antiinfectives and Antiseptics
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Hypotensive Agents
- Increased Diuresis
- Membrane Transport Modulators
- Natriuretic Agents
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Substrates
- Photosensitizing Agents
- Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors
- Sulfonamides
- Sulfones
- Sulfur Compounds
- Thiazides
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine ring system with two S=O bonds at the 1-position.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Thiadiazines
- Sub Class
- Benzothiadiazines
- Direct Parent
- 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides
- Alternative Parents
- Secondary alkylarylamines / Organosulfonamides / Benzenoids / Aminosulfonyl compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organofluorides / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Alkyl fluorides
- Substituents
- 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide / Alkyl fluoride / Alkyl halide / Amine / Aminosulfonyl compound / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- benzothiadiazine (CHEBI:5784)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 501CFL162R
- CAS number
- 135-09-1
- InChI Key
- DMDGGSIALPNSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C8H8F3N3O4S2/c9-8(10,11)4-1-5-7(2-6(4)19(12,15)16)20(17,18)14-3-13-5/h1-2,13-14H,3H2,(H2,12,15,16)
- IUPAC Name
- 1,1-dioxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1lambda6,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide
- SMILES
- NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC2=C(NCNS2(=O)=O)C=C1C(F)(F)F
References
- Synthesis Reference
U.S. Patent 3,254,076.
- General References
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014912
- KEGG Drug
- D00654
- KEGG Compound
- C07763
- PubChem Compound
- 3647
- PubChem Substance
- 46505220
- ChemSpider
- 3521
- BindingDB
- 25897
- 5495
- ChEBI
- 5784
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1763
- ZINC
- ZINC000000897225
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000747
- PharmGKB
- PA164752557
- PDBe Ligand
- HFZ
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Hydroflumethiazide
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Not Available Withdrawn Not Available Hypertension 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Wyeth ayerst laboratories
- Par pharmaceutical inc
- Watson laboratories inc
- Shire development inc
- Packagers
- Shire Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 50 mg/1 - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 272-273 U.S. Patent 3,254,076. water solubility 300 mg/L (at 25 °C) MERCK INDEX (1996) logP 0.36 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 8.9 BUDAVARI,S ET AL. (1996) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.858 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.44 ALOGPS logP -0.3 Chemaxon logS -2.6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 9.07 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -2.7 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 118.36 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 Chemaxon Refractivity 64.28 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 25.68 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9636 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.902 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8221 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.6668 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8016 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.787 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8592 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7732 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8302 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6442 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9232 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9544 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9324 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8463 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8011 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 3.1299 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9868 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8734
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 165.1261879 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 156.97116 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 165.8500879 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 159.36671 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 165.4522879 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 165.72784 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium:potassium:chloride symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Electrically silent transporter system. Mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption. Plays a vital role in the regulation of ionic balance and cell volume.
- Gene Name
- SLC12A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q13621
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 12 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 121449.13 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
- Gene Name
- CA7
- Uniprot ID
- P43166
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 7
- Molecular Weight
- 29658.235 Da
References
- Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone, indapamide, trichloromethiazide, and furosemide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II, when several water molecules make the difference. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Feb 1;17(3):1214-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.023. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Participates in pH regulation. May be involved in the control of cell proliferation and transformation. Appears to be a novel specific biomarker for a cervic...
- Gene Name
- CA9
- Uniprot ID
- Q16790
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 9
- Molecular Weight
- 49697.36 Da
References
- Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone, indapamide, trichloromethiazide, and furosemide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II, when several water molecules make the difference. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Feb 1;17(3):1214-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.023. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Steroid hormone binding
- Specific Function
- This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates th...
- Gene Name
- ATP1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P05023
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 112895.01 Da
References
- Goldenberg K, Wergowske G, Chatterjee S, Kezdi P: Effects of thiazide on erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations and Na+K+ATPase in hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1988;10(1):91-103. doi: 10.3109/10641968809046801. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) that mediates export of K(+). It is also activated by the concentration of cytosolic Mg(2+). Its activati...
- Gene Name
- KCNMA1
- Uniprot ID
- Q12791
- Uniprot Name
- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 137558.115 Da
References
- Martin P, Moncada M, Kuntamallappanavar G, Dopico AM, Milesi V: Activation of human smooth muscle BK channels by hydrochlorothiazide requires cell integrity and the presence of BK beta1 subunit. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018 Mar;39(3):371-381. doi: 10.1038/aps.2017.133. Epub 2017 Nov 30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea.
- Gene Name
- CA1
- Uniprot ID
- P00915
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 28870.0 Da
References
- Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone, indapamide, trichloromethiazide, and furosemide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II, when several water molecules make the difference. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Feb 1;17(3):1214-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.023. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion in...
- Gene Name
- CA2
- Uniprot ID
- P00918
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 29245.895 Da
References
- Schaeffer P, Vigne P, Frelin C, Lazdunski M: Identification and pharmacological properties of binding sites for the atypical thiazide diuretic, indapamide. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Jul 17;182(3):503-8. [Article]
- Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone, indapamide, trichloromethiazide, and furosemide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II, when several water molecules make the difference. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Feb 1;17(3):1214-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.023. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. May stimulate the sodium/bicarbonate transporter activity of SLC4A4 that acts in pH homeostasis. It is essential for acid overload removal from the retina an...
- Gene Name
- CA4
- Uniprot ID
- P22748
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 4
- Molecular Weight
- 35032.075 Da
References
- Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone, indapamide, trichloromethiazide, and furosemide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II, when several water molecules make the difference. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Feb 1;17(3):1214-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.023. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
- Gene Name
- CA12
- Uniprot ID
- O43570
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 12
- Molecular Weight
- 39450.615 Da
References
- Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone, indapamide, trichloromethiazide, and furosemide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II, when several water molecules make the difference. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Feb 1;17(3):1214-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.023. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Agren A, Back T: Complex formation between macromolecules and drugs. 8. Binding of saccharine, N-methyl saccharine, and the diuretic drugs hydroflumethiazide and bendroflumethiazide to human serum albumin. Acta Pharm Suec. 1973 Jun;10(3):223-8. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Vallon V, Rieg T, Ahn SY, Wu W, Eraly SA, Nigam SK: Overlapping in vitro and in vivo specificities of the organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 for loop and thiazide diuretics. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Apr;294(4):F867-73. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00528.2007. Epub 2008 Jan 23. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Vallon V, Rieg T, Ahn SY, Wu W, Eraly SA, Nigam SK: Overlapping in vitro and in vivo specificities of the organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 for loop and thiazide diuretics. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Apr;294(4):F867-73. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00528.2007. Epub 2008 Jan 23. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at December 02, 2023 06:55