Identification
- Summary
Tropicamide is a muscarinic receptor antagonist used to induce mydriasis and cycloplegia for diagnostic procedures.
- Brand Names
- Minims Tropicamide, Mydcombi, Mydriacyl, Paremyd
- Generic Name
- Tropicamide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00809
- Background
Tropicamide is an alkaloid atropine‐derived anticholinergic drug and a non‐selective antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptors.3 Usually available in ophthalmic formulations, tropicamide is used to cause mydriasis and cycloplegia for eye exams or ocular procedures.1 It is also used in combination with hydroxyamphetamine for the same indication.10 Oral tropicamide has been investigated as a potential drug to relieve sialorrhea in patients with Parkinson's Disease.1
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Tropicamide (DB00809)
- Weight
- Average: 284.3529
Monoisotopic: 284.152477894 - Chemical Formula
- C17H20N2O2
- Synonyms
- Tropicamid
- Tropicamida
- Tropicamide
- Tropicamidum
- External IDs
- Ro 1-7683
Pharmacology
- Indication
Tropicamide is indicated to induce mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) for diagnostic procedures and in conditions where short-term pupil dilation is desired, either as monotherapy 9 or in combination with hydroxyamphetamine 10 or phenylephrine.12 It provides clinically significant mydriasis with partial cycloplegia.10
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Tropicamide is an anticholinergic drug and that works by non‐selectively blocking muscarinic receptors to cause mydriasis and cycloplegia. It relaxes the pupillary sphincter to dilate the pupil.1 The onset of tropicamide‐induced mydriasis is about 10 to 15 minutes,3 with optimal effect occurring 25 to 30 minutes post-administration. Mydriasis caused by tropicamide wears off within four to eight hours, but it was seen up to 24 hours in some individuals. Tropicamide hinders accommodation by causing the contraction of the ciliary muscle. The cycloplegic effect occurs within 20 to minutes following administration, with a duration of action of four to 10 hours. Tropicamide can elevate intraocular pressure.1 The ophthalmic use of tropicamide is not typically associated with serious systemic adverse events.5
One randomized pilot study showed that oral tropicamide alleviated perceived symptoms of sialorrhea in patients with Parkinson's Disease: anticholinergics are believed to restore the dopaminergic to cholinergic activity imbalance in neurodegenerative diseases.1 Similarly in one case report, tropicamide administered via ophthalmic solution relieved clozapine-induced sialorrhea.2 Interestingly, in rodent models, tropicamide suppressed drug-induced tremulous jaw movements which are often used as a model of parkinsonian tremor: the significance of this finding requires further investigations.4
- Mechanism of action
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in numerous ocular functions. The M3 subtype is predominantly expressed by smooth muscle cells of the sphincter pupillae, which is a circular muscle of the iris, and ciliary muscles. In response to light or binding of acetylcholine, M3 receptor signalling leads to contraction of the sphincter pupillae and pupil constriction. Contraction of the ciliary muscle via M3 receptor signalling also leads to accommodation, adjusting the lens for near vision.6 The eye is also innervated by parasympathetic nerves: ciliary ganglion neurons project to the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris to control ocular accommodation and pupil constriction.7
Tropicamide is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that binds to all subtypes of muscarinic receptors. By binding to muscarinic receptors, tropicamide relaxes the pupillary sphincter muscle and causes pupil dilation.1 By blocking the muscarinic receptors of the ciliary body, tropicamide also prevents accommodation.6 Like other muscarinic antagonists, tropicamide inhibits the parasympathetic drive, allowing the sympathetic nervous system responses to dominate.1 Tropicamide is thought to ameliorate sialorrhea by blocking M4 receptors expressed on salivary glands and reducing hypersalivation.1
Target Actions Organism AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 antagonistHumans AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 antagonistHumans AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonistHumans UMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonistHumans - Absorption
Following ocular administration of 40 μL drops of 0.5% tropicamide in female subjects, tropicamide reached its mean peak concentration in plasma of 2.8 ± 1.7 ng/mL (mean ± SD) at five minutes.5
- Volume of distribution
No information can be found.
- Protein binding
The extent of protein binding has not been established. Tropicamide binds to albumin.8
- Metabolism
No information can be found.
- Route of elimination
No information can be found.
- Half-life
Tropicamide has a plasma half-life of 30 minutes.2
- Clearance
No information can be found.
- Adverse Effects
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Oral LD50 is 865 mg/kg in rats and 565 mg/kg in mice. Intraperitoneal LD50 is 1210 mg/kg in rats and 695 mg/kg in mice. Subcutaneous LD50 is 872 mg/kg in rats and 665 mg/kg in mice.11
There is limited information on tropicamide overdose. Systemic adverse effects, such as tachycardia, central nervous system disturbances, and muscle rigidity have been reported with the use of tropicamide. Psychotic reactions, behavioral disturbances, and vasomotor or cardio-respiratory collapse have been reported with the use of anticholinergic in children.9
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tropicamide is combined with Aclidinium. Alloin The therapeutic efficacy of Alloin can be decreased when used in combination with Tropicamide. Amantadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tropicamide is combined with Amantadine. Amitriptyline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amitriptyline is combined with Tropicamide. Amobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tropicamide is combined with Amobarbital. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Better (Taiwan Biotech) / Camide (Ibn Sina) / Ciclomidrin (Latinofarma) / Dilate (Incepta) / Eyetrop (Apex) / Losemin (Oasis) / Midax (Rompharm) / Midric (Sanbe) / Minims Tropicamide (Bausch & Lomb) / Mydral (Ocusoft) / Mydramide (Fischer) / Mydriaticum (Ciba Vision) / Mydricol (Unimed) / Ocu-Tropic (Ocumed) / Tropicacyl (Akorn)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Minims Tropicamide Solution / drops 1 % w/v Ophthalmic Bausch & Lomb Inc 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Mydriacyl Solution 0.5 % w/v Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 1951-12-31 Not applicable Canada Mydriacyl Solution 1 % w/v Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 1969-12-31 Not applicable Canada R.O.-tropamide Liquid 10 mg / mL Ophthalmic Richmond Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1992-12-31 1997-08-11 Canada Tropicamide Solution 0.5 % Ophthalmic Pharma Stulln Inc. 1994-12-31 Not applicable Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Mydriacyl Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic ALCON LABORATORIES, INC. 1959-04-01 Not applicable US 
Mydriacyl Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic ALCON LABORATORIES, INC. 1959-04-01 Not applicable US Mydriacyl Solution 5 mg/1mL Ophthalmic ALCON LABORATORIES, INC. 1959-04-01 2003-06-30 US Odan-tropicamide Solution 0.5 % Ophthalmic Odan Laboratories Ltd 1985-12-31 Not applicable Canada Odan-tropicamide Solution 1 % Ophthalmic Odan Laboratories Ltd 1985-12-31 Not applicable Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BIOGLOZYL® SOLUCIONOFTALMICA Tropicamide (5 mg) + Phenylephrine (50 mg) Solution Ophthalmic ADS PHARMA S.A.S. 2018-08-09 Not applicable Colombia 
Diophenyl-T Solution Tropicamide (0.8 %) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 %) Solution Ophthalmic Sandoz Canada Incorporated 1994-12-31 2019-08-01 Canada FOTORRETIN ® SOLUCIÓN OFTÁLMICA Tropicamide (5 mg) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (50 mg) Solution Ophthalmic LABORATORIOS POEN S.A.U. 2006-11-10 Not applicable Colombia FOTORRETIN® SOLUCIÓN OFTÁLMICA ESTÉRIL Tropicamide (5 mg) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (50 mg) Solution Ophthalmic QUIBI S.A. EN REESTRUCTURACION 2023-01-06 Not applicable Colombia Mydcombi Tropicamide (0.08 mg/0.008mL) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (0.2 mg/0.008mL) Spray, metered Ophthalmic Eyenovia, Inc. 2023-05-09 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Mydriatic-3 Tropicamide (10 mg/1mL) + Cyclopentolate hydrochloride (10 mg/1mL) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (25 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Imprimis Njof Llc 2018-05-01 2019-07-01 US Mydriatic-4 Tropicamide (10 mg/1mL) + Ketorolac tromethamine (5 mg/1mL) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (25 mg/1mL) + Proparacaine hydrochloride (5 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Imprimis Njof, Llc 2018-05-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- S01FA06 — TropicamideS01FA56 — Tropicamide, combinations
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylacetamides. These are amide derivatives of phenylacetic acids.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Phenylacetamides
- Direct Parent
- Phenylacetamides
- Alternative Parents
- Pyridines and derivatives / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Primary alcohols / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxide
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- N0A3Z5XTC6
- CAS number
- 1508-75-4
- InChI Key
- BGDKAVGWHJFAGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H20N2O2/c1-2-19(12-14-8-10-18-11-9-14)17(21)16(13-20)15-6-4-3-5-7-15/h3-11,16,20H,2,12-13H2,1H3
- IUPAC Name
- N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-N-[(pyridin-4-yl)methyl]propanamide
- SMILES
- CCN(CC1=CC=NC=C1)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- General References
- Hong D, Tripathy K: Tropicamide . [Article]
- Kilic O, Ozturk M, Gozcelioglu EA: Tropicamide ophthalmic solution reduces clozapine-induced sialorrhea: a case report Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017 Jul 8;27(4):431-434. [Article]
- Mouly S, Mahe I, Haouchine B, Sanson-le-Pors MJ, Blain P, Tillet Y, Dewailly J, Mongold JJ, Bergmann JF: Pharmacodynamics of a new ophthalmic mydriatic insert in healthy volunteers: potential alternative as drug delivery system prior to cataract surgery. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Jun;98(6):547-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_362.x. [Article]
- Betz AJ, McLaughlin PJ, Burgos M, Weber SM, Salamone JD: The muscarinic receptor antagonist tropicamide suppresses tremulous jaw movements in a rodent model of parkinsonian tremor: possible role of M4 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Oct;194(3):347-59. Epub 2007 Jun 27. [Article]
- Vuori ML, Kaila T, Iisalo E, Saari KM: Systemic absorption and anticholinergic activity of topically applied tropicamide. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1994 Summer;10(2):431-7. doi: 10.1089/jop.1994.10.431. [Article]
- Broadley KJ, Kelly DR: Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists Molecules. 2001 Feb 28;6(3):142-193. [Article]
- McDougal DH, Gamlin PD: Autonomic control of the eye. Compr Physiol. 2015 Jan;5(1):439-73. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c140014. [Article]
- Sebbag L, Moody LM, Mochel JP: Albumin Levels in Tear Film Modulate the Bioavailability of Medically-Relevant Topical Drugs. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 28;10:1560. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01560. eCollection 2019. [Article]
- DailyMed Label: Tropicamide Ophthalmic Solution/Drops [Link]
- DailyMed Label: PAREMYD (hydroxyamphetamine and tropicamide) ophthalmic solution [Link]
- Cayman Chemical: Tropicamide Safety Data Sheet [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: MYDCOMBI (tropicamide and phenylephrine hydrochloride ophthalmic spray) 1%/2.5%, for topical ophthalmic use [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014947
- KEGG Drug
- D00397
- PubChem Compound
- 5593
- PubChem Substance
- 46505924
- ChemSpider
- 5391
- BindingDB
- 82371
- 10869
- ChEBI
- 9757
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200604
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000345
- PharmGKB
- PA164749389
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Tropicamide
- MSDS
- Download (73.1 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Corneal Transplant / Grafting, Corneal / Keratoplasty, Lamellar / Transplantation, Cornea 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Mydriasis 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Preterm, Infant 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) 1 4 Completed Health Services Research Pupils unequal 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Alcon laboratories inc
- Pharmafair inc
- Akorn inc
- Alcon universal ltd
- Bausch and lomb pharmaceuticals inc
- Miza pharmaceuticals usa inc
- Watson laboratories inc
- Packagers
- Accutome Inc.
- Akorn Inc.
- Alcon Laboratories
- Bausch & Lomb Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Eye Care and Cure Corp.
- Eye Supply Usa Inc.
- Falcon Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
- Medical Ophthalmics
- Medisca Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Wilson Ophthalmic Corp.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Ophthalmic 10.0000 mg Solution / drops Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 % w/v Solution Ophthalmic 1 % w/v Spray, metered Ophthalmic Injection, solution Intraocular Solution Ophthalmic 0.5 % w/v Solution Ophthalmic 5 mg/1mL Solution Ophthalmic 0.5 % Solution Ophthalmic 10.0 mg/ml Insert Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic Solution Ophthalmic 1 % Solution Ophthalmic Liquid Ophthalmic 10 mg / mL Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic 10 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 5 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 50 mg Solution / drops Ophthalmic 0.5 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic 10 MG/ML Solution / drops Ophthalmic 5 MG/ML - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Tropicamide powder 72.83USD g Mydriacyl 1% Solution 15ml Bottle 59.84USD bottle Tropicamide 0.5% Solution 15ml Bottle 17.99USD bottle Tropicamide 1% Solution 15ml Bottle 17.75USD bottle Mydriacyl 1% Solution 3ml Bottle 17.28USD bottle Tropicamide 1% Solution 3ml Bottle 13.99USD bottle Tropicamide 1% Solution 2ml Bottle 7.99USD bottle Mydriacyl 1% eye drops 5.54USD ml Tropicamide 1% eye drops 2.52USD ml Paremyd eye drops 1.28USD ml Mydriacyl 1 % Solution 1.21USD ml Tropicamide 0.5% eye drops 1.06USD ml Mydriacyl 0.5 % Solution 0.94USD ml Tropicacyl 1% eye drops 0.71USD ml Tropicacyl 0.5% eye drops 0.67USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US11398306 No 2011-07-15 2031-07-15 US US10839960 No 2020-11-17 2031-07-15 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 96.5 °C PhysProp logP 1.3 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.375 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 1.42 ALOGPS logP 1.38 Chemaxon logS -2.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.18 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 5.02 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 53.43 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 6 Chemaxon Refractivity 82.53 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 29.78 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9943 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9777 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5986 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.5777 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8947 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9442 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.6694 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7731 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7878 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7241 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.9107 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.895 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.923 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8184 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.796 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.6008 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6905 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7473 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.8754 Rat acute toxicity 2.4857 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9686 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8009
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (8.19 KB)
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 179.1683531 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 169.61977 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 179.9582531 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 171.97777 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 179.0041531 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 178.0709 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM4
- Uniprot ID
- P08173
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
- Molecular Weight
- 53048.65 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Betz AJ, McLaughlin PJ, Burgos M, Weber SM, Salamone JD: The muscarinic receptor antagonist tropicamide suppresses tremulous jaw movements in a rodent model of parkinsonian tremor: possible role of M4 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Oct;194(3):347-59. Epub 2007 Jun 27. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P11229
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
- Molecular Weight
- 51420.375 Da
References
- Betz AJ, McLaughlin PJ, Burgos M, Weber SM, Salamone JD: The muscarinic receptor antagonist tropicamide suppresses tremulous jaw movements in a rodent model of parkinsonian tremor: possible role of M4 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Oct;194(3):347-59. Epub 2007 Jun 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM2
- Uniprot ID
- P08172
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
- Molecular Weight
- 51714.605 Da
References
- Betz AJ, McLaughlin PJ, Burgos M, Weber SM, Salamone JD: The muscarinic receptor antagonist tropicamide suppresses tremulous jaw movements in a rodent model of parkinsonian tremor: possible role of M4 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Oct;194(3):347-59. Epub 2007 Jun 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM3
- Uniprot ID
- P20309
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
- Molecular Weight
- 66127.445 Da
References
- Betz AJ, McLaughlin PJ, Burgos M, Weber SM, Salamone JD: The muscarinic receptor antagonist tropicamide suppresses tremulous jaw movements in a rodent model of parkinsonian tremor: possible role of M4 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Oct;194(3):347-59. Epub 2007 Jun 27. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55