Identification
- Summary
Pseudoephedrine is an alpha and beta adrenergic agonist used to treat nasal and sinus congestion, as well as allergic rhinitis.
- Brand Names
- Advil Cold and Sinus, Alavert D, Aleve-D, Allegra-D, Aller-tec D, Allerclear, Bromfed DM, Cheratussin Dac, Clarinex-D, Claritin-D, Codar D, Covan, Entex T, Lodrane D, Mar-cof BP, Mucinex D, Nexafed, Pseudodine C, Rescon Tablets, Semprex-D, Stahist Ad Liquid, Sudafed, Sudafed Sinus & Pain, Sudogest, Triacin-C, Tusnel C, Wal Zyr D, Wal-itin D, Wal-phed, Zephrex-D, Zyrtec-D
- Generic Name
- Pseudoephedrine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00852
- Background
Pseudoephedrine is structurally related to ephedrine but exerts a weaker effect on the sympathetic nervous system.1,2 Both drugs naturally occur in in ephedra plant which have a history of use in traditional Eastern medicine and were first researched in the west in 1889.2 The decongestant effect of pseudoephedrine was described in dogs in 1927.2
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Pseudoephedrine (DB00852)
- Weight
- Average: 165.2322
Monoisotopic: 165.115364107 - Chemical Formula
- C10H15NO
- Synonyms
- (+) threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol
- (+)-(1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine
- (+)-Pseudoephedrine
- (+)-psi-Ephedrine
- (+)-threo-Ephedrine
- d-Isoephedrine
- d-Pseudoephedrine
- d-psi-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol
- d-psi-Ephedrine
- Isoephedrine
- L-(+)-Pseudoephedrine
- L(+)-psi-Ephedrine
- Pseudoefedrina
- pseudoéphédrine
- Pseudoephedrine
- Pseudoephedrine D-form
- Pseudoephedrinum
- Psi-ephedrin
- Psi-ephedrine
- trans-Ephedrine
- ψ-ephedrine
Pharmacology
- Indication
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine used for its decongestant activity.12,13,14,15,16,17,18
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination for symptomatic treatment of Allergic rhinitis (ar) Combination Product in combination with: Loratadine (DB00455) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination for symptomatic treatment of Allergic rhinitis (ar) Combination Product in combination with: Triprolidine (DB00427), Guaifenesin (DB00874) •••••••••••• •••••••• • •••••• •••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Allergic rhinitis (ar) Combination Product in combination with: Chlorpheniramine (DB01114) ••• ••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Allergies Combination Product in combination with: Loratadine (DB00455) •••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••• ••••••• Used in combination for symptomatic treatment of Common cold Combination Product in combination with: Ibuprofen (DB01050), Ascorbic acid (DB00126) •••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• •••• •••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Pseudoephedrine causes vasoconstriction which leads to a decongestant effect.2,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 It has a short duration of action unless formulated as an extended release product.12,13,14,15,16,17,18 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of central nervous system stimulation.12,14,17,18
- Mechanism of action
Pseudoephedrine acts mainly as an agonist of alpha adrenergic receptors6 and less strongly as an agonist of beta adrenergic receptors.11 This agonism of adrenergic receptors produces vasoconstriction which is used as a decongestant2,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 and as a treatment of priapism.7 Pseudoephedrine is also an inhibitor of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin transporters.8,9
The sympathomimetic effects of pseudoephedrine include an increase in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and chronotropic response of the right atria.5 Pseudoephedrine is also a partial agonist of the anococcygeal muscle.5 Pseudoephedrine also inhibits NF-kappa-B, NFAT, and AP-1.10
Target Actions Organism ASodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter inhibitorHumans ASodium-dependent dopamine transporter inhibitorHumans AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonistHumans AAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonistHumans ASodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitorHumans UBeta-2 adrenergic receptor partial agonistHumans UBeta-1 adrenergic receptor agonistpartial agonistHumans UNuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 inhibitorHumans UTumor necrosis factor inhibitorHumans UNuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit inhibitorHumans Uactivator protein 1 inhibitorHumans UInterleukin-2 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
A 240mg oral dose of pseudoephedrine reaches a Cmax of 246.3±10.5ng/mL fed and 272.5±13.4ng/mL fasted, with a Tmax of 6.60±1.38h fed and 11.87±0.72h fasted, with an AUC of 6862.0±334.1ng*h/mL fed and 7535.1±333.0ng*h/mL fasted.4
- Volume of distribution
The apparent volume of distribution of pseudoephedrin is 2.6-3.3L/kg.12
- Protein binding
-pseudoephedrine is 6.6±0.4% bound to human serum albumin and 22.5±3.2% protein bound in serum.3 +pseudoephedrine is 6.7±1.2% protein bound to human serum albumin and 25.4±3.9% protein bound in human serum.3
- Metabolism
Pseudoephedrine is <1% N-demethylated to an inactive metabolite.17,18 The majority of pseudoephedrine is eliminated unmetabolized in the urine.17,18
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
55-75% of an oral dose is detected in the urine as unchanged pseudoephedrine.14
- Half-life
The mean elimination half life of pseudoephedrine is 6.0h.12
- Clearance
A 60mg oral dose of pseudoephedrine has a clearance of 5.9±1.7mL/min/kg.14
- Adverse Effects
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The oral LD50 of pseudoephedrine is 2206mg/kg in rats and 726mg/kg in mice.14
Patients experiencing an overdose of pseudoephedrine may present with giddiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, thirst, tachycardia, precordial pain, palpitations, difficulty urinating, muscle weakness, muscle tension, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, toxic psychosis, cardiac arrhythmias, circulatory collapse, convulsions, coma, and respiratory failure.17,18 Treat overdose with symptomatic and supportive treatment including removal of unabsorbed drug.17,18
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcarbose The therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be decreased when used in combination with Pseudoephedrine. Acebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of Acebutolol can be decreased when used in combination with Pseudoephedrine. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Pseudoephedrine is combined with Aceclofenac. Acemetacin The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Pseudoephedrine is combined with Acemetacin. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may decrease the excretion rate of Pseudoephedrine which could result in a higher serum level. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 6V9V2RYJ8N 345-78-8 BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N Pseudoephedrine sulfate Y9DL7QPE6B 7460-12-0 CAVQBDOACNULDN-NRCOEFLKSA-N - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Ephedrine unknown GN83C131XS 299-42-3 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Acunaso / Afrinol / Benylin Decongestant / Cenafed / Decofed / Dimetapp Decongestant / Eltor 120 / Genaphed / Maxenal / Myfedrine / Neodurasina / Novafed / Robidrine / Sudafed Decongestant
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image SudoGest Tablet, film coated 60 mg/1 Oral bryant ranch prepack 1994-10-01 Not applicable US 
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 12 Hour Decongestant Tablet, film coated, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral Meijer Distribution Inc 1999-11-05 Not applicable US 12 Hour Decongestant Tablet, film coated, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral Kroger Company 1999-12-14 2023-01-31 US 12 Hour Decongestant Tablet, film coated, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral L. Perrigo Company 2011-10-04 Not applicable US 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant Tablet, film coated, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral CVS PHARMACY 1999-12-01 Not applicable US 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant Non Drowsy Tablet, film coated, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral Safeway 2000-05-25 2017-08-25 US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 12 Hour Allergy and Congestion Pseudoephedrine sulfate (120 mg/1) + Loratadine (5 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Walgreen Company 2018-05-05 Not applicable US 12 Hour Allergy D Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Cetirizine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) Tablet, extended release Oral Meijer Distribution Inc 1988-07-15 Not applicable US 12 Hour Allergy D Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Cetirizine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Meijer Distribution Inc 2020-04-07 Not applicable US 12HR Allergy and Congestion Relief Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Fexofenadine hydrochloride (60 mg/1) Tablet, extended release Oral Cardinal Health 2019-10-08 Not applicable US 12hr Allergy and Congestion Relief Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Fexofenadine hydrochloride (60 mg/1) Tablet, extended release Oral LEADER/ Cardinal Health 110, Inc. 2022-03-31 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image AlleRx Dose Pack Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (8 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/1) Kit Oral Cornerstone Therapeutics Inc. 2008-02-01 2012-10-31 US AlleRx-D Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral Cornerstone Therapeutics Inc. 2008-07-01 2012-11-30 US Atuss DS Tannate Suspension Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (30 mg/5mL) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (4 mg/5mL) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (30 mg/5mL) Suspension Oral Atley Pharmaceuticals 2006-11-21 Not applicable US Atuss HS Tannate Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (30 mg/5mL) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (4 mg/5mL) + Hydrocodone bitartrate (5 mg/5mL) Suspension Oral Atley Pharmaceuticals 2006-11-21 2009-08-03 US Bromdex D Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (50 mg/5mL) + Brompheniramine maleate (3 mg/5mL) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (30 mg/5mL) Syrup Oral Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2009-07-21 2011-05-31 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- R01BA52 — Pseudoephedrine, combinations
- R01BA — Sympathomimetics
- R01B — NASAL DECONGESTANTS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- R01 — NASAL PREPARATIONS
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergic Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists
- Agents producing tachycardia
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Alcohols
- Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists
- Amines
- Amino Alcohols
- Amphetamines
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents
- Autonomic Agents
- Bronchodilator Agents
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Ethylamines
- Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents
- Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors for interaction with Monoamine Oxidase A substrates
- Nasal Decongestants
- Nasal Decongestants for Systemic Use
- Nasal Preparations
- Norepinephrine Releasing Agents
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Phenethylamines
- Propanolamines
- Propanols
- Respiratory System Agents
- Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents
- Sympathomimetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers
- Vasoconstrictor Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Phenylpropanes
- Direct Parent
- Phenylpropanes
- Alternative Parents
- Aralkylamines / Secondary alcohols / 1,2-aminoalcohols / Dialkylamines / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Aromatic alcohols
- Substituents
- 1,2-aminoalcohol / Alcohol / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic alcohol / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- secondary alcohol, secondary amine (CHEBI:51209) / Phenylalanine derived alkaloids (C02765)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 7CUC9DDI9F
- CAS number
- 90-82-4
- InChI Key
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1S,2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol
- SMILES
- CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Andrew G. Myers, "Synthesis of l-azatyrosine using pseudoephedrine as a chiral auxiliary." U.S. Patent US5760237, issued June, 1991.
US5760237- General References
- AVIADO DM Jr, WNUCK AL, DE BEER EJ: Cardiovascular effects of sympathomimetic bronchodilators; epinephrine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, isoproterenol, methoxyphenamine and isoprophenamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1958 Mar;122(3):406-17. [Article]
- Chen K, Schmidt C: Ephedrine and Related Substances Medicine. 1930 Feb;9(1):1-117. [Article]
- Volpp M, Holzgrabe U: Determination of plasma protein binding for sympathomimetic drugs by means of ultrafiltration. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019 Jan 15;127:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.027. Epub 2018 Oct 31. [Article]
- Chao ST, Prather D, Pinson D, Coen P, Pruitt B, Knowles M, Place V: Effect of food on bioavailability of pseudoephedrine and brompheniramine administered from a gastrointestinal therapeutic system. J Pharm Sci. 1991 May;80(5):432-5. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600800507. [Article]
- Kobayashi S, Endou M, Sakuraya F, Matsuda N, Zhang XH, Azuma M, Echigo N, Kemmotsu O, Hattori Y, Gando S: The sympathomimetic actions of l-ephedrine and d-pseudoephedrine: direct receptor activation or norepinephrine release? Anesth Analg. 2003 Nov;97(5):1239-45. [Article]
- Johnson DA, Hricik JG: The pharmacology of alpha-adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6 Pt 2):110S-115S; discussion 143S-146S. [Article]
- Thippaiah SM, Nagaraja S, Birur B, Pandurangi A: Successful Management of Psychotropics Induced Stuttering Priapism with Pseudoephedrine in a Patient with Schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2018 Feb 5;48(2):29-33. [Article]
- Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
- Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
- Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
- Vansal SS, Feller DR: Direct effects of ephedrine isomers on human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):807-10. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Zyrtec Cetirizine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Tablets (OTC) [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Motrin Cold and Sinus Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Oral Caplets (OTC) [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Semprex Avacristine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Capsules [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Mucinex Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Oral Extended Release Tablets (OTC) [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Extended Release Tablets (OTC) [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Clarinex 12 Hour Desloratadine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Clarinex 24 Hour Desloratadine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Tablets [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0001943
- KEGG Drug
- D08449
- KEGG Compound
- C02765
- PubChem Compound
- 7028
- PubChem Substance
- 46508190
- ChemSpider
- 6761
- 8896
- ChEBI
- 51209
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1590
- ZINC
- ZINC000000020259
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000195
- PharmGKB
- PA451170
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Pseudoephedrine
- MSDS
- Download (52.7 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Prevention Acute Upper Respiratory Track Infection 1 4 Completed Prevention Ear Barotrauma 1 4 Completed Treatment Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) / Acute rhino-sinusitis 1 4 Completed Treatment Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) / Bronchitis / Rhino Sinusitis 1 4 Completed Treatment Allergic Rhinitis (AR) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Ucb inc
- Schering plough healthcare products inc
- Packagers
- Actavis Group
- AG Marin Pharmaceuticals
- Alaven Pharmaceutical
- Allaire Pharmaceuticals
- Allegis Pharmaceuticals
- Alphagen Laboratories Inc.
- Ambi Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Amend
- Anip Acquisition Co.
- Apotheca Inc.
- Aristos Pharmaceuticals
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Athlon Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
- Atley Pharmaceuticals
- Auriga Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Ballay Pharmaceuticals
- Banner Pharmacaps Inc.
- Bayer Healthcare
- Bergen Brunswig
- Bio Pharm Inc.
- Blansett Pharmacal Co. Inc.
- Boca Pharmacal
- Bradley Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- BTA Pharmaceuticals
- Burel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- C.O. Truxton Inc.
- Capellon Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Cardinal Health
- Caremark LLC
- Carwin Associates Inc.
- Centrix Pharmaceuticals
- Centurion Labs
- Century Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Contract Pharm
- Cornerstone Pharmacy
- CVS Pharmacy
- Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Dartmouth Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Dayton Pharmaceuticals
- Deliz Pharmaceutical Corp.
- Deltex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Denison Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- DHHS Program Support Center Supply Service Center
- Direct Dispensing Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- DSC Laboratories
- DSM Corp.
- Dunhall Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Duramed
- Econolab Inc.
- ECR Pharmaceuticals
- Elite Laboratories Inc.
- Emrex Economed Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Eon Labs
- Ethex Corp.
- Everett Laboratories Inc.
- Gil Pharmaceutical Corp.
- Gm Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Great Southern Laboratories
- H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
- Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals
- Health Care Products
- Heartland Repack Services LLC
- Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
- Huckaby Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- International Ethical Labs Inc.
- Iopharm Laboratories Inc.
- Irisys Inc.
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- Jaymac Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Kowa Pharmaceuticals America Inc.
- Kroger Co.
- KV Pharmaceutical Co.
- Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
- Lark Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Larken Laboratories Inc.
- Laser Pharmaceuticals
- Liberty Pharmaceuticals
- Llorens Pharmaceutical
- Macoven Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Marnel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Mckesson Corp.
- McNeil Laboratories
- MCR American Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Med Tek Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Meda AB
- Medicine Shop
- Merrell Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Midland Pharmaceutical LLC
- Midlothian Labs
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Neilgen Pharma Inc.
- Nexgen Pharma Inc.
- Norega Laboratories Inc.
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Numark Laboratories Inc.
- Pa Benjamin Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
- Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pamlab LLC
- Patheon Inc.
- PCA LLC
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pell Tech Health Care Private Limited
- Perrigo Co.
- Pfizer Inc.
- Pharma Medica Research Inc.
- Pharmaceutical Generic Developers Inc.
- Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
- Pharmedix
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Poly Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Prasco Labs
- Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Prepackage Specialists
- Propharma Inc.
- Provident Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Qualitest
- Reckitt Benckiser Inc.
- Redpharm Drug
- Remedy Repack
- Respa Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Rij Pharmaceutical Corp.
- River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
- Roxane Labs
- Rx Formulations Corp.
- S&P Healthcare
- Sage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
- Schering Corp.
- Schering-Plough Inc.
- Schwarz Pharma Inc.
- Sciele Pharma Inc.
- Scientific Laboratories Inc.
- SDA Laboratories Inc.
- Seatrace Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Seneca Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Seyer Pharmatec Inc.
- Silarx Pharmaceuticals
- SJ Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Sovereign Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
- Stat Rx Usa
- Stewart Jackson Pharmacal Inc.
- Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
- Teamm Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- TG United Inc.
- Tiber Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Time-Cap Labs
- Tri Med Laboratories Inc.
- Trigen Laboratories Inc.
- Tya Pharmaceuticals
- UCB Pharma
- United Research Laboratories Inc.
- UPM Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- US Pharmaceutical Group
- Varsity Laboratories
- Verum Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Vision Pharma LLC
- Walgreen Co.
- Warner Lambert Company LLC
- Watson Pharmaceuticals
- Winthrop Us
- Wockhardt Ltd.
- Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
- Zyber Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Elixir Oral 10 mg/5ml Syrup Oral 100 mg/5ml Kit; tablet Oral Tablet, delayed release Oral Solution / drops; suspension / drops Capsule, liquid filled Oral Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Granule, for suspension Oral 30 MG Granule, for suspension Oral Suspension Oral Syrup Oral 10 mg/5ml Tablet Oral 4 mg Syrup Oral 7.5 mg / 0.8 mL Liquid Oral Solution Nasal; Oral Syrup Oral 1 mg/5ml Solution Oral 15 mg/5mL Solution / drops Oral Tablet Nasal Suspension Syrup Oral 5 mg/5ml Capsule; kit Oral Tablet, film coated Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 10.50 mg Tablet Oral 30 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg / cap Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg / src Solution / drops Nasal Pill Oral 30 mg/1 Kit; powder, for solution Oral Tablet Oral 60 mg Syrup Oral 150 ml Capsule Nasal Tablet; tablet, extended release Oral Elixir Oral 15 mg/15ml Syrup Oral 30 mg/5ml Tablet, extended release Oral 120 mg / tab Liquid Oral 60 mg/60mL Kit; powder Oral Capsule Oral 4 mg Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Granule, for solution Oral Granule Oral Powder Oral Tablet Tablet, coated Oral Tablet, sugar coated Oral Tablet, effervescent Oral Tablet Oral 120 mg / tab Capsule, extended release Oral 240 mg / cap Solution Oral Capsule, extended release Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 30 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet, sugar coated Oral 30 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 200 mg Tablet, coated Oral 30 MG Capsule, extended release Oral Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 15 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 2 mg Syrup Oral 30 mg/5ml Tablet, extended release Oral 120 mg / srt Tablet Oral 2 mg Tablet, coated Oral 30 mg/1 Syrup Oral Tablet Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 120 mg Tablet Oral 60 mg / tab Elixir Oral Tablet Oral Capsule, extended release Syrup Oral 100 ml Capsule, coated pellets Nasal 120 mg Liquid Oral 30 mg/5mL Capsule Oral Syrup Oral 2 mg/5ml Tablet, extended release Oral 240 mg/1 Tablet Oral 15 mg Syrup Oral 30 mg / 5 mL Tablet Oral 30 mg / tab Syrup Oral 600 MG Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 240 mg/1 Tablet, chewable Oral Liquid Oral 15 mg/5mL Tablet Oral 30 mg/1 Tablet Oral 60 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 60 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 30 mg/1 Tablet, multilayer Oral Powder, for solution Oral Liquid Oral 30 mg / 10 mL Liquid Oral 7.5 mg / .8 mL Kit Oral Kit; tablet, film coated Oral Capsule, coated Oral Tablet, multilayer, extended release Oral - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Sudafed 24 hour tablet 0.84USD tablet Pseudoephedrine hcl crystal 0.67USD g Afrin 0.05% nose spray 0.62USD ml Sudafed 12 hr sinus-pain caplet 0.53USD caplet Drixoral cold & allergy tablet sa 0.4USD tablet Sudafed om sinus nasal spray 0.4USD ml Afrin no drip sinus pump mist 0.38USD ml Sudafed pe cold & cough caplet 0.34USD caplet Afrin sinus spray 0.33USD ml Chlor-trimeton allergy 0.31USD each Sudafed pe severe cold caplet 0.28USD caplet Guaifenesin-phenylephrine tablet 0.27USD tablet Dimetapp cold-allergy tablet chew 0.25USD tablet Sudafed pe 10 mg tablet 0.25USD tablet Chlor-trimeton 8 mg repetab 0.24USD tablet Sudafed pe day & night tablet 0.24USD tablet Sudafed triple action caplet 0.23USD caplet Sudafed pe nighttime cold caplet 0.22USD caplet Sudafed non-drying sinus caplet 0.2USD caplet Sudafed pe sinus & allergy tablet 0.2USD tablet Sudafed pe sinus headache caplet 0.2USD caplet Sudafed 30 mg tablet 0.19USD tablet Wal-phed 30 mg tablet 0.17USD tablet Suphedrin 30 mg tablet 0.15USD tablet CVS Pharmacy decongestant 30 mg tablet 0.12USD tablet Sudogest 60 mg tablet 0.12USD tablet Medi-phedrine 30 mg tablet 0.1USD tablet Nasal decongestant 30 mg tablet 0.1USD tablet Genaphed plus tablet 0.09USD tablet CVS Pharmacy nasal decongest 30 mg tablet 0.07USD tablet Genaphed 30 mg tablet 0.07USD tablet Pseudoephedrine gg syrup 0.07USD ml Pseudoephedrine 60 mg tablet 0.06USD tablet Children's sudafed pe liquid 0.05USD ml Pseudoephedrine 30 mg tablet 0.05USD tablet Dimetapp cold & cough liquid 0.04USD ml Dimetapp dm cold & cough elix 0.04USD ml Dimetapp long-acting cough liquid 0.04USD ml Suphedrine 30 mg tablet 0.04USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6037353 Yes 2000-03-14 2017-09-14 US US6039974 No 2000-03-21 2018-07-31 US US6211246 No 2001-04-03 2019-06-10 US US6469009 No 2002-10-22 2019-07-13 US US7226614 No 2007-06-05 2022-06-10 US US6489329 No 2002-12-03 2016-04-08 US US7014867 No 2006-03-21 2022-06-10 US US6100274 Yes 2000-08-08 2020-01-07 US US6372252 No 2002-04-16 2020-04-28 US US6955821 No 2005-10-18 2020-04-28 US US7838032 No 2010-11-23 2020-04-28 US US7618649 Yes 2009-11-17 2021-06-19 US US6709676 No 2004-03-23 2021-02-18 US US8187630 No 2012-05-29 2020-12-19 US US7863287 No 2011-01-04 2027-02-28 US US6979463 No 2005-12-27 2022-03-28 US US7820199 Yes 2010-10-26 2022-09-28 US US6613357 No 2003-09-02 2020-12-25 US USRE39069 No 2006-04-18 2018-05-29 US US6113942 Yes 2000-09-05 2015-08-28 US US5855912 Yes 1999-01-05 2015-08-28 US US10238640 No 2019-03-26 2024-05-25 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 119 °C PhysProp logP 0.89 KRIL,MB & FUNG,HL (1990) pKa 10.3 (at 0 °C) PERRIN,DD (1965) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 8.26 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 1 ALOGPS logP 1.32 Chemaxon logS -1.3 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 13.89 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.52 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 32.26 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 49.69 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 18.83 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 1 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9645 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.5638 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8866 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.7182 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9795 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.984 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8965 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8001 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7839 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7235 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.5595 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7209 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.5846 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.5737 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9431 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.907 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9517 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7739 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.7807 Rat acute toxicity 2.3882 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9329 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9277
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (8.24 KB)
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 140.3864286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 142.3321286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 142.2651286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 140.67659 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 140.9804286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 142.6129286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 142.3604286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 143.07216 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 140.5780286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 142.2863286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 142.2216286 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 148.98468 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
- Gene Name
- SLC6A2
- Uniprot ID
- P23975
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 69331.42 Da
References
- Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
- Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
- Gene Name
- SLC6A3
- Uniprot ID
- Q01959
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 68494.255 Da
References
- Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
- Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
- Gene Name
- ADRA1A
- Uniprot ID
- P35348
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 51486.005 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Wellington K, Jarvis B: Cetirizine/pseudoephedrine. Drugs. 2001;61(15):2231-40; discussion 2241-2. [Article]
- Johnson DA, Hricik JG: The pharmacology of alpha-adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6 Pt 2):110S-115S; discussion 143S-146S. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Thioesterase binding
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...
- Gene Name
- ADRA2A
- Uniprot ID
- P08913
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 48956.275 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Johnson DA, Hricik JG: The pharmacology of alpha-adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6 Pt 2):110S-115S; discussion 143S-146S. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
- Gene Name
- SLC6A4
- Uniprot ID
- P31645
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 70324.165 Da
References
- Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Partial agonist
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately ...
- Gene Name
- ADRB2
- Uniprot ID
- P07550
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 46458.32 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Vansal SS, Feller DR: Direct effects of ephedrine isomers on human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):807-10. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- AgonistPartial agonist
- General Function
- Receptor signaling protein activity
- Specific Function
- Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately e...
- Gene Name
- ADRB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08588
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 51322.1 Da
References
- Vansal SS, Feller DR: Direct effects of ephedrine isomers on human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):807-10. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transcriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
- Specific Function
- Plays a role in the inducible expression of cytokine genes in T-cells, especially in the induction of the IL-2 or IL-4 gene transcription. Also controls gene expression in embryonic cardiac cells. ...
- Gene Name
- NFATC1
- Uniprot ID
- O95644
- Uniprot Name
- Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
- Molecular Weight
- 101241.73 Da
References
- Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct ac...
- Gene Name
- TNF
- Uniprot ID
- P01375
- Uniprot Name
- Tumor necrosis factor
- Molecular Weight
- 25644.15 Da
References
- Wu Z, Kong X, Zhang T, Ye J, Fang Z, Yang X: Pseudoephedrine/ephedrine shows potent anti-inflammatory activity against TNF-alpha-mediated acute liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Feb 5;724:112-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.032. Epub 2013 Dec 21. [Article]
- Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transcriptional repressor activity, rna polymerase ii transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding
- Specific Function
- NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related...
- Gene Name
- NFKB1
- Uniprot ID
- P19838
- Uniprot Name
- Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
- Molecular Weight
- 105355.175 Da
References
- Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- This protein binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Binds to the Tax-responsive element (TRE) of HTLV-I. Mediates PKA-induced stimulation of CRE-reporter genes. Represses the expression of FTH1 and other antioxidant detoxification genes. Triggers cell proliferation and transformation.
- Specific Function
- Dna binding transcription factor activity
Components:
References
- Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Kinase activator activity
- Specific Function
- Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimu...
- Gene Name
- IL2
- Uniprot ID
- P60568
- Uniprot Name
- Interleukin-2
- Molecular Weight
- 17627.52 Da
References
- Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serotonin binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
- Gene Name
- MAOA
- Uniprot ID
- P21397
- Uniprot Name
- Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
- Molecular Weight
- 59681.27 Da
References
- Ulus IH, Maher TJ, Wurtman RJ: Characterization of phentermine and related compounds as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Jun 15;59(12):1611-21. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Volpp M, Holzgrabe U: Determination of plasma protein binding for sympathomimetic drugs by means of ultrafiltration. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019 Jan 15;127:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.027. Epub 2018 Oct 31. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
- Gene Name
- SLC6A2
- Uniprot ID
- P23975
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 69331.42 Da
References
- Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
- Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
- Gene Name
- SLC6A3
- Uniprot ID
- Q01959
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 68494.255 Da
References
- Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
- Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
- Gene Name
- SLC6A4
- Uniprot ID
- P31645
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 70324.165 Da
References
- Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
- Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54