Identification
- Summary
Oxymetazoline is an alpha-1A adrenoceptor agonist used to treat nasal congestion, allergic reactions of the eye, and facial erythema associated with rosacea.
- Brand Names
- Afrin, Dristan 12-hour Nasal Spray, Kovanaze, Nostrilla, Rhofade, Sinex Long-acting, Upneeq
- Generic Name
- Oxymetazoline
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00935
- Background
Oxymetazoline is an imidazole derivative and a potent, direct-acting alpha (α)-adrenergic agonist with affinity to both α1- and α2-adrenoceptors.1 Oxymetazoline is available in various formulations with a wide variety of clinical implications. The topical formulation of the drug is used to treat persistent facial redness in adults.17 As an effective decongestant, oxymetazoline is available in over-the-counter intranasal sprays used to relieve nasal and sinus congestion caused by a wide variety of conditions, such as common cold, hay fever, and upper respiratory allergies.3,20 In dentistry, oxymetazoline and tetracaine combination intranasal spray (Kovanaze) is used for regional anesthesia during dental procedures in children and adults.16 In July 2020, the FDA approved the use of an ophthalmic formulation of oxymetazoline (Upneeq) in adults with acquired blepharoptosis, or ptosis, making it the first FDA-approved medical treatment for this medical condition.15,18
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Oxymetazoline (DB00935)
- Weight
- Average: 260.3746
Monoisotopic: 260.1888634 - Chemical Formula
- C16H24N2O
- Synonyms
- 2-(4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxybenzyl)-2-imidazoline
- 3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,4-dimethylphenol
- 6-t-butyl-3-(2-imidazolin-2-ylmethyl)-2,4-dimethylphenol
- 6-tert-butyl-3-(2-imidazolin-2-ylmethyl)-2,4-dimethylphenol
- Oximetazolinum
- Oxymetazolina
- Oxymetazoline
- Oxymétazoline
- Oxymetazolinum
- Oxymethazoline
- Oxymetozoline
Pharmacology
- Indication
Oxymetazoline is indicated for the topical treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea in adults.17
Ophthalmic oxymetazoline is indicated for the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis in adults.18
When used in combination with tetracaine intranasally, oxymetazoline is indicated for regional anesthesia when performing a restorative procedure on Teeth 4-13 and A-J in adults and children who weigh 40 kg or more.16
Oxymetazoline can be found in over-the-counter nasal products as a nasal decongestant.20
For off-label uses, oxymetazoline has been used during nasal intubation and during ear, nose, and throat surgery to improve visualization of the airway and to minimize post-operative bleeding.1
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Acquired blepharoptosis •••••••••••• ••••• Treatment of Allergic rhinitis (ar) ••• ••• •••••••• • •••••• •••••• •••••••••• • ••••• Symptomatic treatment of Nasal congestion ••• ••• Symptomatic treatment of Nasal congestion ••• ••• ••••• Prophylaxis of Postoperative hemorrhages ••• ••••• •••••••• ••• •••••• ••••••• ••••••••• •••••••• • •••••• ••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Oxymetazoline is an adrenergic α1- and α2-agonist and a direct-acting sympathomimetic drug. By stimulating adrenergic receptors, oxymetazoline causes vasoconstriction of dilated arterioles and reduces blood flow.16 In a radioligand competition study, oxymetazoline displayed higher affinity at α1A-adrenoceptors compared to α2B-adrenoceptors, but with higher potency at α2B-adrenoceptors.5 When sprayed intranasally, oxymetazoline relieved relief nasal congestion and improved nasal airflow in patients with acute coryzal rhinitis for up to 12 hours following a single dose.10
An early in vitro study demonstrated oxymetazoline to exert anti-oxidant actions, where it inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation and mediated hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This suggests that oxymetazoline has a beneficial effect against oxidants, which play a role in tissue damage in inflammation.11
- Mechanism of action
Oxymetazoline binds to α1- and α2-adrenoceptors, which are Gq- and Gi-protein-coupled receptors respectively. α1-adrenoceptors agonism promotes vascular smooth muscle contraction by increasing intracellular calcium levels through activating phospholipase C, while α2-adrenoceptors agonism, specifically the α2B-adrenoceptors, can also elicit vasoconstriction through the inhibition of adenyl cyclase.21,12,13,14
Rosacea is a condition characterized by transient and persistent facial erythema. By stimulating α1A-adrenoceptors and causing vasoconstriction, oxymetazoline is believed to diminish the symptoms of erythema.8 In blepharoptosis, it is hypothesized that oxymetazoline works by stimulating α-adrenergic receptors on the Müller muscle that elevates the upper eyelid, causing muscle contraction.9 Oxymetazoline is used in combination with tetracaine for local anesthesia in dentistry. Such combination use adds beneficial effects: the vasoconstrictor counteracts the local anesthetic agent's vasodilatory action, thereby constricting dilated arterioles and reducing blood flow to the application area.2,16 Oxymetazoline relieves nasal congestion by vasoconstricting the respiratory microvasculature, in both resistance and capacitance blood vessels on the human nasal mucosa, leading to decreased nasal mucosal blood flow, edema, and airflow resistance.4,21
Target Actions Organism AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor partial agonistHumans AAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonistpartial agonistHumans AAlpha-2B adrenergic receptor agonistHumans UAlpha-2C adrenergic receptor agonistHumans UAlpha-1B adrenergic receptor agonistHumans UAlpha-1D adrenergic receptor agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1C partial agonistRat - Absorption
Imidazole derivatives such as oxymetazoline are readily absorbed across mucosal membranes, especially in children.1 In adult subjects with erythema associated with rosacea, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) Cmax was 60.5 ± 53.9 pg/mL and the AUC from time 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24hr) was 895 ±798 pg x hr/mL following topical administration of first-dose oxymetazoline. Following once-daily topical applications for 28 days, the mean ± SD Cmax was 66.4 ± 67.1 pg/mL and the AUC0-24hr was 1050 ± 992 pg x hr/mL. Following twice-daily applications for 28 days, the mean ± SD Cmax was 68.8 ± 61.1 pg/mL and the AUC0-24hr was 1530 ± 922 pg x hr/mL.17
Following single-drop ocular administration of oxymetazoline in healthy adult subjects, the mean ± SD Cmax was 30.5 ± 12.7 pg/mL and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUCinf) was 468 ± 214 pg x hr/mL. The median Tmax was 2 hours, ranging from 0.5 to 12 hours.18
Following nasal administration of an 0.6 mL combination product containing tetracaine and oxymetazoline in adult subjects, the maximum concentrations of oxymetazoline were reached within approximately 10 minutes. The mean Cmax was 1.78 ng/mL and the AUC0-inf value was 4.24 ng x h/mL, with a median Tmax of 5 minutes.16
- Volume of distribution
There is limited information on the volume of distribution of oxymetazoline.
- Protein binding
In vitro, oxymetazoline is 56.7% to 57.5% bound to human plasma proteins.17
- Metabolism
In vitro, oxymetazoline was minimally metabolized by human liver enzymes to produce mono-oxygenated and dehydrogenated metabolites. About 95.9% of the total dose of oxymetazoline remained as an unchanged parent compound after a 120-minute incubation with human liver microsomes.17,18 When incubated in rat, rabbit, and human liver post-mitochondrial supernatant fraction from homogenized tissue (S9) fractions, oxymetazoline was more efficiently metabolized by rabbit liver S9 fractions (~65%) than by rat (~20%) or human (~10%) liver S9 fractions. At concentrations (50 μM) at least 130-fold greater than the usual therapeutic intranasal dose (400 nM), CYP2C19 was suggested to be involved in the oxidation of oxymetazoline following intranasal administration; however, metabolites in humans have not been fully characterized up to date and remain speculated based on in vitro studies using rat and rabbit liver S9 fractions and microsomes.6 The O-glucuronide metabolite catalyzed by UGT1A9 has been identified in vitro.7,16
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- Route of elimination
While the excretion of oxymetazoline following nasal, topical, or ophthalmic administration of oxymetazoline has not been fully characterized in humans, it is believed that the predominant route of elimination at clinically relevant concentrations of oxymetazoline is renal excretion.16
- Half-life
Following ocular administration in healthy adults, the mean terminal half-life was 8.3 hours, ranging from 5.6 to 13.9 hours.18
The terminal half-life of oxymetazoline following nasal administration of the combination product containing tetracaine and oxymetazoline in adult subjects is approximately 5.2 hours.16
- Clearance
There is limited information on the clearance rate of oxymetazoline.
- Adverse Effects
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In rats, the oral LD50 is 680 ug/kg and the subcutaneous LD50 is 1630 ug/kg. In mice, the oral LD50 is 4700 ug/kg, the intraperitoneal LD50 is 48 mg/kg, and the subcutaneous LD50 is 34 mg/kg.19
Case reports have documented unintended overdose in both children and adults: overdose has led to dizziness, chest pain, headaches, myocardial infarction, stroke, visual disturbances, arrhythmia, hypertension, or hypotension.16 Accidental ingestion of topical solutions of imidazoline derivatives, including oxymetazoline, in children has resulted in serious adverse events requiring hospitalization, such as nausea, vomiting, lethargy, tachycardia, decreased respiration, bradycardia, hypotension, hypertension, sedation, somnolence, mydriasis, stupor, hypothermia, drooling, and coma.17,18 Possible rebound nasal congestion, irritation of nasal mucosa, and adverse systemic effects (particularly in children), including serious cardiovascular adverse events, have been reported with overdosage as well as prolonged or too frequent intranasal use of oxymetazoline.16 Overdose should be responded with close monitoring, supportive care, and symptomatic treatment.16,17,18
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of Acebutolol can be decreased when used in combination with Oxymetazoline. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Oxymetazoline is combined with Aceclofenac. Acemetacin The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Oxymetazoline is combined with Acemetacin. Acetyldigitoxin The therapeutic efficacy of Acetyldigitoxin can be decreased when used in combination with Oxymetazoline. Acetylsalicylic acid The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Oxymetazoline is combined with Acetylsalicylic acid. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Oxymetazoline hydrochloride K89MJ0S5VY 2315-02-8 BEEDODBODQVSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Dristan 12-Hour (Pfizer) / Duramist Plus (Pfeiffer Pharmaceuticals) / Genasal Nasal Spray Up to 12 Hour Relief / Iliadin / Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour Spray / Nezeril / Nostrilla 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant / OcuClear / Vicks Sinex 12 Hour Nasal Spray / Vicks Sinex 12 Hour Ultra Fine Mist for Sinus Relief
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Rhofade Cream 1 g/100g Topical Epi Health, Llc 2021-01-18 Not applicable US 
Rhofade Cream 1 g/100g Topical Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. 2017-01-18 Not applicable US Rhofade Cream 10 mg/1g Topical Allergan, Inc. 2017-01-18 Not applicable US Upneeq Solution / drops 1 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Rvl Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2020-08-21 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride Cream 10 mg/1g Topical Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. 2021-10-04 Not applicable US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 12 Hour Nasal Spray .05 g/100mL Nasal Meijer Distribution Inc 2015-05-06 2019-08-19 US 12 Hour Nasal Spray 0.05 g/100mL Nasal Select Brand Distributors 2000-03-01 2020-04-30 US 12 Hour Nasal Spray 0.05 g/100mL Nasal Altaire Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2001-06-01 2014-02-21 US 12 Hour Nasal Spray 0.05 g/100mL Nasal Healthlife of Usa 2018-01-02 Not applicable US 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant Extra Moisturizing Liquid 50 mg/100mL Nasal Winco Foods Llc 2021-03-25 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Kovanaze Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (0.5 mg/1mL) + Tetracaine hydrochloride (30 mg/1mL) Spray Nasal St. Renatus 2016-09-01 Not applicable US Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure, Pain and Cough and Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion Relief Clear and Cool Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (0.05 g/100mL) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (10 mg/1) + Guaifenesin (200 mg/1) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) Capsule, liquid filled; Kit; Solution Nasal; Oral RB Health (US) LLC 2020-08-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- S01GA04 — Oxymetazoline
- S01GA — Sympathomimetics used as decongestants
- S01G — DECONGESTANTS AND ANTIALLERGICS
- S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
- D11AX — Other dermatologicals
- D11A — OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
- D11 — OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
- R01AB — Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids
- R01A — DECONGESTANTS AND OTHER NASAL PREPARATIONS FOR TOPICAL USE
- R01 — NASAL PREPARATIONS
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergic Agents
- Adrenergic Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
- Agents producing tachycardia
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Autonomic Agents
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Decongestants and Antiallergics
- Dermatologicals
- Imidazoles
- Increased Sympathetic Activity
- Nasal Decongestants
- Nasal Preparations
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Ophthalmologicals
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Respiratory System Agents
- Sensory Organs
- Sympathomimetics
- Sympathomimetics Used as Decongestants
- Sympathomimetics, Plain
- UGT1A9 Substrates
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasoconstrictor Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xylenols. These are aromatic compounds that contain a xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups, and at least one hydroxyl group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Xylenes
- Direct Parent
- Xylenols
- Alternative Parents
- Phenylpropanes / m-Xylenes / Para cresols / Ortho cresols / Imidolactams / Imidazolines / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds / Carboximidamides / Carboxamidines / Azacyclic compounds show 3 more
- Substituents
- 2-imidazoline / Amidine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Carboximidamide / Carboxylic acid amidine / Hydrocarbon derivative / Imidolactam / M-xylene / O-cresol show 12 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- phenols, carboxamidine, imidazolines (CHEBI:7862)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 8VLN5B44ZY
- CAS number
- 1491-59-4
- InChI Key
- WYWIFABBXFUGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C16H24N2O/c1-10-8-13(16(3,4)5)15(19)11(2)12(10)9-14-17-6-7-18-14/h8,19H,6-7,9H2,1-5H3,(H,17,18)
- IUPAC Name
- 6-tert-butyl-3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dimethylphenol
- SMILES
- CC1=CC(=C(O)C(C)=C1CC1=NCCN1)C(C)(C)C
References
- General References
- Tobias JD, Cartabuke R, Taghon T: Oxymetazoline (Afrin(R)): maybe there is more that we need to know. Paediatr Anaesth. 2014 Aug;24(8):795-8. doi: 10.1111/pan.12399. [Article]
- Sisk AL: Vasoconstrictors in local anesthesia for dentistry. Anesth Prog. 1992;39(6):187-93. [Article]
- Watanabe H, Foo TH, Djazaeri B, Duncombe P, Mackay IS, Durham SR: Oxymetazoline nasal spray three times daily for four weeks in normal subjects is not associated with rebound congestion or tachyphylaxis. Rhinology. 2003 Sep;41(3):167-74. [Article]
- Bende M, Loth S: Vascular effects of topical oxymetazoline on human nasal mucosa. J Laryngol Otol. 1986 Mar;100(3):285-8. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100099151. [Article]
- Haenisch B, Walstab J, Herberhold S, Bootz F, Tschaikin M, Ramseger R, Bonisch H: Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):729-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00805.x. [Article]
- Mahajan MK, Uttamsingh V, Daniels JS, Gan LS, LeDuc BW, Williams DA: In vitro metabolism of oxymetazoline: evidence for bioactivation to a reactive metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Apr;39(4):693-702. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.036004. Epub 2010 Dec 21. [Article]
- Mahajan MK, Uttamsingh V, Gan LS, Leduc B, Williams DA: Identification and characterization of oxymetazoline glucuronidation in human liver microsomes: evidence for the involvement of UGT1A9. J Pharm Sci. 2011 Feb;100(2):784-93. doi: 10.1002/jps.22303. [Article]
- Patel NU, Shukla S, Zaki J, Feldman SR: Oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream for facial erythema associated with rosacea. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;10(10):1049-1054. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1370370. Epub 2017 Aug 24. [Article]
- Slonim CB, Foster S, Jaros M, Kannarr SR, Korenfeld MS, Smyth-Medina R, Wirta DL: Association of Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride, 0.1%, Solution Administration With Visual Field in Acquired Ptosis: A Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct 1. pii: 2771169. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3812. [Article]
- Druce HM, Ramsey DL, Karnati S, Carr AN: Topical nasal decongestant oxymetazoline (0.05%) provides relief of nasal symptoms for 12 hours. Rhinology. 2018 Dec 1;56(4):343-350. doi: 10.4193/Rhin17.150. [Article]
- Westerveld GJ, Scheeren RA, Dekker I, Griffioen DH, Voss HP, Bast A: Anti-oxidant actions of oxymethazoline and xylomethazoline. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Sep 15;291(1):27-31. doi: 10.1016/0922-4106(95)90185-x. [Article]
- Remaury A, Larrouy D, Daviaud D, Rouot B, Paris H: Coupling of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor to the inhibitory G-protein Gi and adenylate cyclase in HT29 cells. Biochem J. 1993 May 15;292 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):283-8. doi: 10.1042/bj2920283. [Article]
- Link RE, Desai K, Hein L, Stevens ME, Chruscinski A, Bernstein D, Barsh GS, Kobilka BK: Cardiovascular regulation in mice lacking alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c. Science. 1996 Aug 9;273(5276):803-5. doi: 10.1126/science.273.5276.803. [Article]
- Gavras I, Manolis AJ, Gavras H: The alpha2 -adrenergic receptors in hypertension and heart failure: experimental and clinical studies. J Hypertens. 2001 Dec;19(12):2115-24. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200112000-00001. [Article]
- Drugs.com: FDA Approves Upneeq [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: KOVANAZE (tetracaine HCl and oxymetazoline HCl) Nasal Spray [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: RHOFADE (oxymetazoline hydrochloride) cream, for topical use [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: UPNEEQ (oxymetazoline hydrochloride ophthalmic solution), 0.1%, for topical ophthalmic use [Link]
- Cayman Chemical: Oxymetazoline Safety Data Sheet [Link]
- DailyMed Label: AFRIN NO DRIP ORIGINAL PUMP MIST- oxymetazoline hydrochloride spray, metered [Link]
- StatPearls: Alpha 1 Receptor Agonists [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015070
- KEGG Drug
- D08322
- KEGG Compound
- C07363
- PubChem Compound
- 4636
- PubChem Substance
- 46505622
- ChemSpider
- 4475
- BindingDB
- 30712
- 7812
- ChEBI
- 7862
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL762
- ZINC
- ZINC000000057435
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000235
- PharmGKB
- PA164748840
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- PDBe Ligand
- J5C
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Oxymetazoline
- PDB Entries
- 7ejk / 7ym8
- MSDS
- Download (74.6 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Diagnostic Penicillin Allergy 1 4 Completed Other Healthy Controls / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 1 4 Completed Prevention Throat Disorders 1 4 Completed Treatment Adenoidal Hypertrophy 1 4 Completed Treatment Allergic Rhinitis (AR) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Schering plough healthcare products inc
- Johnson and johnson group consumer companies
- Packagers
- Altaire Pharmaceuticals
- Bayer Healthcare
- Chain Drug
- CVS Pharmacy
- Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Perrigo Co.
- Pfizer Inc.
- S&P Healthcare
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
- Target Corp.
- Walgreen Co.
- Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Nasal 0.025 % Solution Nasal 50.000 mg Solution / drops Nasal Spray Topical 0.05 g/100mL Spray Nasal 0.5 g/100mL Solution Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation) 0.25 mg Spray Nasal 0.05 mg / mL Solution Nasal 25.000 mg Suspension Nasal 0.500 mg Spray, metered Nasal 0.5 g/1mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.05 g/100mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.05 mg/1mL Spray Nasal 0.05 mg/100mL Spray Nasal 0.2 mg/0.4mL Spray Nasal 0.05 g/1mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.025 g/100mL Spray Nasal 0.500 mg/ml Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 0.25 mg Spray Nasal 0.5 % Solution Nasal 25.0000 mg Spray Nasal 0.00050 g/1mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.05 % w/v Solution Ophthalmic Solution Nasal 0.500 mg Solution / drops Nasal 0.025 % Solution / drops Nasal; Topical 0025 % Solution / drops Nasal 0.05 % Solution Nasal Solution Nasal 0.25 mg Solution Nasal 0.5 mg Solution Nasal 0.1 mg Spray Nasal 0.5 mg Spray Nasal Spray Nasal 0.05 mg/100mg Liquid Nasal 0.05 % Solution Nasal 0.05 % w/v Liquid Nasal 50 mg/100mL Solution Nasal 0.05 g/100mL Solution Nasal 0.05 mg/100mL Capsule, liquid filled; kit; solution Nasal; Oral Solution / drops; spray Nasal .025 % Kit Topical 0.05 g/100mL Spray Nasal 5 g/100mL Solution / drops Nasal 0.05 g/100mL Liquid Topical 0.05 g/100mL Solution / drops Nasal 0.01 % Spray Nasal 0.025 % Spray Nasal Spray Nasal 0.5 mg/ml Solution / drops; suspension / drops Nasal 0.05 % Spray Nasal; Topical 0.05 % Solution / drops; suspension / drops Nasal 0025 % Spray Nasal; Topical 0025 % Solution Intrasinal; Nasal 0.1 mg Solution 0.50 mg Spray Nasal 15 mg/30mL Liquid Nasal 0.05 g/100mL Liquid Nasal 50 mg/1mL Spray Nasal 0.05 mg/1mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.0005 mL/100mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.05 mg/100mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic .25 mg / mL Solution Intrasinal; Nasal 50 mg Solution Intrasinal; Nasal 25 mg Suspension Intrasinal; Nasal 25 mg Solution Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation) 0.025 g Spray, metered Nasal 0.05 % Solution Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation) 50 mg Solution Oral 25 mg Solution / drops Ophthalmic Solution Nasal; Oral 0.026 g Solution Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation) 0.5 mg Solution Intrasinal; Nasal 0.25 mg Solution Intrasinal; Nasal 0.5 mg Solution Intraocular; Ophthalmic 0.25 mg Solution Nasal 0.025 % w/v Spray Nasal 0.05 % w/v Spray Nasal 0.025 % w/v Solution Ophthalmic 0.250 mg Spray Oral 0.5 mg/1mL Solution Nasal 0.05 mg/1mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.2 mg/0.4mL Spray, metered Nasal 0.5 mg/1mL Spray Nasal 0.05 mg/1 Spray Nasal 0.01 % Spray Nasal 0.05 % Spray Nasal 50.0 mg/100.0mL Spray Nasal 50 mg/100mL Jelly Nasal 0.05 {VP}/100{VP} Spray Nasal 1 mg/10ml Cream Topical 1 g/100g Cream Topical 10 mg/1g Solution / drops Nasal 2.5 mg/10ml Spray Nasal 5.25 mg/10ml Solution Nasal 0.05 % w/w Liquid Nasal 0.05 g/15mL Spray Nasal 7.5 mg/15mL Spray Nasal 0.5 mg/1mL Spray Nasal 0.05 g/100mL Liquid Topical 0.5 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 mg/1mL Spray Nasal 0.512 mg/1mL Spray Nasal; Topical Spray Nasal 0.0005 g/1mL Spray Nasal .05 % Spray Nasal 0.0005055 g/1mL Spray Nasal 0.0005095 g/1mL Spray Nasal 0.000512 g/1mL Solution Nasal 25.00 mg Liquid Ophthalmic 0.25 mg/1mL Liquid Ophthalmic .025 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic 0.025 % Spray Nasal .005 g/100mL Spray Nasal .05 g/100mL Liquid Nasal 0.0005 g/1g Spray Nasal .5 mg/1mL Solution Nasal 0.05 % - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Oxymetazoline hcl powder 84.42USD g Afrin 0.05% nose spray 0.62USD ml Drixoral cold & allergy tablet sa 0.4USD tablet Afrin no drip sinus pump mist 0.38USD ml Oxymetazoline 0.05% spray 0.38USD ml Anefrin 0.05% nasal spray 0.37USD ml Afrin sinus spray 0.33USD ml Dristan long lasting mist 0.32USD ml Neo-synephrine 12 hour spray 0.28USD ml Visine long lasting eye drops 0.27USD ml 12 hour nasal relief spray 0.24USD ml Dristan cold multi-symp tablet 0.23USD tablet Ocuclear eye drops 0.23USD ml CVS Pharmacy nasal spray 0.05% 0.22USD ml No drip 0.05% nasal spray 0.13USD ml Nasal spray 0.05% 0.06USD ml Sinus nasal spray 0.06USD ml Nasal decongestant 0.05% spray 0.03USD ml Pv nasal spray 0.05% 0.03USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US8580282 No 2013-11-12 2030-04-02 US US6413499 No 2002-07-02 2020-03-20 US US9308191 No 2016-04-12 2030-04-02 US US8883838 No 2014-11-11 2031-12-01 US US7812049 No 2010-10-12 2028-05-02 US US8420688 No 2013-04-16 2024-08-02 US US9974773 No 2018-05-22 2035-06-11 US US8815929 No 2014-08-26 2024-01-22 US US10335391 No 2019-07-02 2035-06-11 US US8357714 No 2013-01-22 2031-08-26 US US9867808 No 2018-01-16 2031-08-26 US US10751325 No 2020-08-25 2035-06-11 US US10799481 No 2020-10-13 2039-12-16 US US10912765 No 2021-02-09 2031-08-26 US US10814001 No 2020-10-27 2039-12-16 US US10898573 No 2021-01-26 2039-12-16 US US10940138 No 2021-03-09 2039-12-16 US US11103482 No 2021-08-31 2039-12-16 US US11324722 No 2019-12-16 2039-12-16 US US11311515 No 2019-12-16 2039-12-16 US US11517560 No 2015-06-11 2035-06-11 US US11541036 No 2019-12-16 2039-12-16 US US11701343 No 2019-12-16 2039-12-16 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 182 °C PhysProp logP 3.4 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP 3.03 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Acidic) 10.91 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 10.15 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 44.62 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 79.8 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 30.64 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9761 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.5388 Caco-2 permeable - 0.567 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8858 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9477 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.6585 Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.6039 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7585 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.5707 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5394 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8931 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9026 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.854 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8682 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7951 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8923 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 4.4155 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8402 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7432
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (10.5 KB)
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-004m-3970000000-ee2ec321a55bc78173e1 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-1090000000-0213d53b5a3277c21ab9 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-0090000000-807aa4063c1b72387fd8 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-004r-1920000000-e4fc2adb0d2208efcf7c Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-0390000000-0205a258f7502a2bb9cc Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-003r-2930000000-f8b03c8236c23054e1b7 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00b9-0920000000-c8595df6e59229b3f240 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 173.9583505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 174.4307505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 170.4760505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 163.16235 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 174.8654505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 174.5097505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 168.8593505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 165.52037 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 173.9340505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 174.4907505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 169.5982505 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 171.6135 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Partial agonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
- Gene Name
- ADRA1A
- Uniprot ID
- P35348
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 51486.005 Da
References
- Yang HT, Endoh M: (+/-)-tamsulosin, an alpha 1A-adrenoceptor antagonist, inhibits the positive inotropic effect but not the accumulation of inositol phosphates in rabbit heart. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Oct 3;312(3):281-91. [Article]
- Deplanne V, Galzin AM: Functional characterization of alpha-1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the prostatic urethra and trigone of male rabbit. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Aug;278(2):527-34. [Article]
- Shibata K, Taketani K: [Excitatory effect of noradrenaline on rat airway parasympathetic ganglion neurons]. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2001 Nov;92(11):377-83. [Article]
- Furukawa K, Rosario DJ, Smith DJ, Chapple CR, Uchiyama T, Chess-Williams R: Alpha 1A-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile responses of the human vas deferens. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Sep;116(1):1605-10. [Article]
- Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Romero-Avila MT, Mora-Rodriguez DM, Gonzalez-Espinosa D, Garcia-Sainz JA: Molecular cloning and functional expression of the guinea pig alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Aug 31;426(3):147-55. [Article]
- Haenisch B, Walstab J, Herberhold S, Bootz F, Tschaikin M, Ramseger R, Bonisch H: Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):729-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00805.x. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- AgonistPartial agonist
- General Function
- Thioesterase binding
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...
- Gene Name
- ADRA2A
- Uniprot ID
- P08913
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 48956.275 Da
References
- MacKinnon AC, Kilpatrick AT, Kenny BA, Spedding M, Brown CM: [3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification. Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;106(4):1011-8. [Article]
- Mitrani P, Srinivasan M, Dodds C, Patel MS: Role of the autonomic nervous system in the development of hyperinsulinemia by high-carbohydrate formula feeding to neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Apr;292(4):E1069-78. Epub 2006 Dec 12. [Article]
- Lepretre N, Mironneau J: Alpha 2-adrenoceptors activate dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels via Gi-proteins and protein kinase C in rat portal vein myocytes. Pflugers Arch. 1994 Dec;429(2):253-61. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Epinephrine binding
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine...
- Gene Name
- ADRA2B
- Uniprot ID
- P18089
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 49565.8 Da
References
- Uhlen S, Wikberg JE: Delineation of rat kidney alpha 2A- and alpha 2B-adrenoceptors with [3H]RX821002 radioligand binding: computer modelling reveals that guanfacine is an alpha 2A-selective compound. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Sep 17;202(2):235-43. [Article]
- Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP: ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jan;40(Database issue):D1100-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr777. Epub 2011 Sep 23. [Article]
- Haenisch B, Walstab J, Herberhold S, Bootz F, Tschaikin M, Ramseger R, Bonisch H: Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):729-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00805.x. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
- Gene Name
- ADRA2C
- Uniprot ID
- P18825
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 49521.585 Da
References
- Haenisch B, Walstab J, Herberhold S, Bootz F, Tschaikin M, Ramseger R, Bonisch H: Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):729-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00805.x. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
- Gene Name
- ADRA1B
- Uniprot ID
- P35368
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 56835.375 Da
References
- Haenisch B, Walstab J, Herberhold S, Bootz F, Tschaikin M, Ramseger R, Bonisch H: Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):729-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00805.x. [Article]
- Akinaga J, Lima V, Kiguti LR, Hebeler-Barbosa F, Alcantara-Hernandez R, Garcia-Sainz JA, Pupo AS: Differential phosphorylation, desensitization, and internalization of alpha1A-adrenoceptors activated by norepinephrine and oxymetazoline. Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Apr;83(4):870-81. doi: 10.1124/mol.112.082313. Epub 2013 Jan 30. [Article]
- Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP: ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jan;40(Database issue):D1100-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr777. Epub 2011 Sep 23. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium.
- Gene Name
- ADRA1D
- Uniprot ID
- P25100
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 60462.205 Da
References
- Haenisch B, Walstab J, Herberhold S, Bootz F, Tschaikin M, Ramseger R, Bonisch H: Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):729-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00805.x. [Article]
- Akinaga J, Lima V, Kiguti LR, Hebeler-Barbosa F, Alcantara-Hernandez R, Garcia-Sainz JA, Pupo AS: Differential phosphorylation, desensitization, and internalization of alpha1A-adrenoceptors activated by norepinephrine and oxymetazoline. Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Apr;83(4):870-81. doi: 10.1124/mol.112.082313. Epub 2013 Jan 30. [Article]
- Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP: ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jan;40(Database issue):D1100-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr777. Epub 2011 Sep 23. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
- Gene Name
- HTR1A
- Uniprot ID
- P08908
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 46106.335 Da
References
- Schoeffter P, Hoyer D: Interaction of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist oxymetazoline with serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C and 5-HT1D receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Apr 17;196(2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90432-p. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
- Gene Name
- HTR1B
- Uniprot ID
- P28222
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
- Molecular Weight
- 43567.535 Da
References
- Schoeffter P, Hoyer D: Interaction of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist oxymetazoline with serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C and 5-HT1D receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Apr 17;196(2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90432-p. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
- Gene Name
- HTR1D
- Uniprot ID
- P28221
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D
- Molecular Weight
- 41906.38 Da
References
- Schoeffter P, Hoyer D: Interaction of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist oxymetazoline with serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C and 5-HT1D receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Apr 17;196(2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90432-p. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Rat
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Partial agonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-...
- Gene Name
- Htr2c
- Uniprot ID
- P08909
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
- Molecular Weight
- 51916.005 Da
References
- Schoeffter P, Hoyer D: Interaction of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist oxymetazoline with serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C and 5-HT1D receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Apr 17;196(2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90432-p. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Retinoic acid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A9
- Uniprot ID
- O60656
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
- Molecular Weight
- 59940.495 Da
References
- Mahajan MK, Uttamsingh V, Gan LS, Leduc B, Williams DA: Identification and characterization of oxymetazoline glucuronidation in human liver microsomes: evidence for the involvement of UGT1A9. J Pharm Sci. 2011 Feb;100(2):784-93. doi: 10.1002/jps.22303. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: KOVANAZE (tetracaine HCl and oxymetazoline HCl) Nasal Spray [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- Curator comments
- At concentrations (50 μM) at least 130-fold greater than the usual therapeutic intranasal dose (400 nM), oxymetazoline underwent oxidation mediated by CYP2C19 (Mahajan et al., 2011).
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Mahajan MK, Uttamsingh V, Daniels JS, Gan LS, LeDuc BW, Williams DA: In vitro metabolism of oxymetazoline: evidence for bioactivation to a reactive metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Apr;39(4):693-702. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.036004. Epub 2010 Dec 21. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55