Isoniazid

Identification

Summary

Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat mycobacterial infections; most commonly use in combination with other antimycobacterial agents for the treatment of active or latent tuberculosis.

Brand Names
Isonarif, Isotamine, Isotamine B, Rifamate, Rifater
Generic Name
Isoniazid
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00951
Background

Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 137.1393
Monoisotopic: 137.058911861
Chemical Formula
C6H7N3O
Synonyms
  • 4-pyridinecarbohydrazide
  • INH
  • Isoniazid
  • Isoniazida
  • Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
  • Isonicotinic hydrazide
  • Isonicotinohydrazide
  • Isonicotinoylhydrazide
  • Isonicotinsäurehydrazid
  • Isonicotinylhydrazine
  • Pyridine-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide
External IDs
  • NSC-9659

Pharmacology

Indication

Isoniazid is used for the treatment of all forms of tuberculosis in which organisms are susceptible. It is also used in combination with rifampin and pyrazinamide.1

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatActive tuberculosisCombination Product in combination with: Pyrazinamide (DB00339), Rifampicin (DB01045)••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatActive tuberculosisCombination Product in combination with: Rifampicin (DB01045)••••••••••••
Treatment ofLatent tuberculosis••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatMycobacterium kansasii infectionRegimen in combination with: Rifampicin (DB01045), Ethambutol (DB00330)••• •••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Isoniazid is a bactericidal agent active against organisms of the genus Mycobacterium, specifically M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. kansasii. It is a highly specific agent, ineffective against other microorganisms. Isoniazid is bactericidal when mycobacteria grow rapidly and bacteriostatic when they grow slowly.

Mechanism of action

Isoniazid is a prodrug and must be activated by bacterial catalase. Specficially, activation is associated with reduction of the mycobacterial ferric KatG catalase-peroxidase by hydrazine and reaction with oxygen to form an oxyferrous enzyme complex. Once activated, isoniazid inhibits the synthesis of mycoloic acids, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. At therapeutic levels isoniazid is bacteriocidal against actively growing intracellular and extracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms. Specifically isoniazid inhibits InhA, the enoyl reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by forming a covalent adduct with the NAD cofactor. It is the INH-NAD adduct that acts as a slow, tight-binding competitive inhibitor of InhA.

TargetActionsOrganism
ACatalase-peroxidase
other/unknown
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
AEnoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]
adduct
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
UCytochrome P450 2C8Not AvailableHumans
UCytochrome P450 1A2Not AvailableHumans
UCytochrome P450 3A4Not AvailableHumans
UCytochrome P450 2C19Not AvailableHumans
UDihydrofolate reductaseNot AvailableMycobacterium tuberculosis
Absorption

Readily absorbed following oral administration; however, may undergo significant first pass metabolism. Absorption and bioavailability are reduced when isoniazid is administered with food.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Very low (0-10%)

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic. Isoniazid is acetylated by N -acetyl transferase to N -acetylisoniazid; it is then biotransformed to isonicotinic acid and monoacetylhydrazine. Monoacetylhydrazine is associated with hepatotoxicity via formation of a reactive intermediate metabolite when N-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 mixed oxidase system. The rate of acetylation is genetically determined. Slow acetylators are characterized by a relative lack of hepatic N -acetyltransferase.

Route of elimination

From 50 to 70 percent of a dose of isoniazid is excreted in the urine within 24 hours.

Half-life

Fast acetylators: 0.5 to 1.6 hours. Slow acetylators: 2 to 5 hours.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

LD50 100 mg/kg (Human, oral). Adverse reactions include rash, abnormal liver function tests, hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, mild central nervous system (CNS) effects. In vivo, Isoniazid reacts with pyridoxal to form a hydrazone, and thus inhibits generation of pyridoxal phosphate. Isoniazid also combines with pyridoxal phosphate; high doses interfere with the coenzyme function of the latter.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
Cytochrome P450 2E1CYP2E1*4(A;A)---ADR Directly StudiedThe presence of this genotype in CYP2E1 may be associated with an increased risk of drug-induced hepatotoxicity from isoniazid treatment.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1NAT1*14ANot AvailableG > A | T > A | C > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1NAT1*14BNot AvailableG > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1NAT1*15Not AvailableC > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1NAT1*17Not AvailableC > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1NAT1*19ANot AvailableC > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1NAT1*19BNot AvailableC > T | C > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1NAT1*22Not AvailableA > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5ANot AvailableT > C | C > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5BNot AvailableT > C | C > T | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5CNot AvailableT > C | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5DNot AvailableT > CADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5ENot AvailableT > C | G > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5FNot AvailableT > C | C > T | C > T | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5GNot AvailableT > C | C > T | C > T | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5HNot AvailableT > C | C > T | A > G | S287 FrameshiftADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5INot AvailableT > C | C > T | A > T | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*5JNot AvailableT > C | C > T | G > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*6ANot AvailableG > A | C > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*6BNot AvailableG > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*6CNot AvailableG > A | C > T | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*6DNot AvailableG > A | C > T | T > CADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*6ENot AvailableG > A | C > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*7ANot AvailableG > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*7BNot AvailableG > A | C > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*10Not AvailableG > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*12DNot AvailableG > A | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*14ANot AvailableG > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*14BNot AvailableG > A | C > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*14CNot AvailableG > A | T > C | C > T | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*14DNot AvailableG > A | C > T | G > AADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*14ENot AvailableG > A | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*14FNot AvailableG > A | T > C | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*14GNot AvailableG > A | C > T | A > GADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*17Not AvailableA > CADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2NAT2*19Not AvailableC > TADR InferredIncreased risk of toxic reactions.Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe metabolism of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid.
AbacavirIsoniazid may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid.
AbirateroneThe metabolism of Abiraterone can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid.
Food Interactions
  • Administer vitamin supplements. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) should be given with isoniazid to prevent deficiency.
  • Avoid alcohol. Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages such as unpasteurized beer; unless approved by your physician, as they may contain tyramine. Consuming alcohol may also increase the risk of isoniazid induced hepatitis and neuropathy.
  • Avoid chocolate. Chocolate contains caffeine, which should be limited during isoniazid therapy.
  • Avoid histamine-containing foods and supplements. Histamine-containing foods (e.g., skipjack, tuna, other tropical fish) can cause headaches, sweating, palpitations, flushing, and hypotension.
  • Avoid tyramine-containing foods and supplements. Tyramine-containing foods include cheese, red wine, fava beans, pickled food, cured food, and alcoholic beverages.
  • Limit caffeine intake.
  • Take on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
  • Take separate from antacids. Taking this medication with antacids can reduce absorption.

Products

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Product Images
International/Other Brands
Nicozid (Piam) / Nidrazid (Zentiva) / Nydrazid (Sandoz) / Rimicid (Sopharma) / Rimifon (Roche) / Servizid (Novartis) / Tibinide (Meda)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralRemedy Repack2013-03-202014-05-01US flag
IsoniazidTablet100 mg/1OralRemedy Repack2016-09-012016-09-01US flag
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralPreferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.2015-10-072019-10-09US flag
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralEon Labs, Inc.1978-12-112020-06-30US flag
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralRemedy Repack2011-12-072012-12-07US flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Dom-isoniazid 300mg TabletsTablet300 mgOralDominion Pharmacal1995-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralAphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC2013-10-10Not applicableUS flag
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralStat Rx USA2010-10-20Not applicableUS flag
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralClinical Solutions Wholesale1972-09-012018-10-30US flag
IsoniazidTablet300 mg/1OralNorthwind Pharmaceuticals2014-07-14Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
FORECOX-TRAC TABLETAS RECUBIERTASIsoniazid (75 mg) + Ethambutol hydrochloride (275 mg) + Pyrazinamide (400 mg) + Rifampicin (150 mg)Tablet, coatedOralMACLEODS PHARMACEUTICAL LTD. INDIA2010-10-112018-02-22Colombia flag
IsonaRifIsoniazid (150 mg/1) + Rifampicin (300 mg/1)CapsuleOralVersaPharm Incorporated2005-09-01Not applicableUS flag
Isotamine B 300Isoniazid (300 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (15 mg)TabletOralBausch Health, Canada Inc.1967-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
ISOTHAMIsoniazid (150 MG) + Ethambutol (400 MG)Tablet, film coatedบริษัท ยูเมด้า จำกัด2016-07-102020-08-23Thailand flag
ISOVIT 100 MG/25 MG TABLET, 100 TABLETIsoniazid (100 mg) + Pyridoxine (25 mg)TabletOralDeva Holding A.S.1964-09-02Not applicableTurkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J04AM04 — Thioacetazone and isoniazidJ04AM01 — Streptomycin and isoniazidJ04AM03 — Ethambutol and isoniazidJ04AM02 — Rifampicin and isoniazidJ04AC01 — IsoniazidJ04AM06 — Rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and isoniazidJ04AM05 — Rifampicin, pyrazinamide and isoniazidJ04AM07 — Rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazidJ04AM08 — Isoniazid, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and pyridoxineJ04AC51 — Isoniazid, combinations
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a pyridine ring bearing a carboxylic acid group or a derivative thereof.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Pyridines and derivatives
Sub Class
Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Heteroaromatic compounds / Carboxylic acid hydrazides / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid hydrazide / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
carbohydrazide (CHEBI:6030) / a small molecule (ISONIAZIDE)
Affected organisms
  • Mycobacteria
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
V83O1VOZ8L
CAS number
54-85-3
InChI Key
QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H7N3O/c7-9-6(10)5-1-3-8-4-2-5/h1-4H,7H2,(H,9,10)
IUPAC Name
pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
SMILES
NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Costin Rentzea, Albrecht Harreus, Eberhard Ammermann, Gisela Lorenz, "Oxalyl hydrazide-hydroxamic acid derivatives, their preparation and their use as fungicides." U.S. Patent US5399589, issued November, 1969.

US5399589
General References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: RIFATER (rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide USP) tablets (February 2023) [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015086
KEGG Drug
D00346
KEGG Compound
C07054
PubChem Compound
3767
PubChem Substance
46506039
ChemSpider
3635
BindingDB
50336507
RxNav
6038
ChEBI
6030
ChEMBL
CHEMBL64
ZINC
ZINC000000001590
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000011
PharmGKB
PA450112
PDBe Ligand
NIZ
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Isoniazid
PDB Entries
3wxo / 4pae / 5ksg / 5ksn / 5kt8 / 5sxq / 5sxs / 5sxt / 5syi / 5syj
show 2 more
MSDS
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Clinical Trials

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Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Sandoz canada inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Hoffmann la roche inc
  • Carolina medical products co
  • Mikart inc
  • Lannett co inc
  • Dow pharmaceutical corp sub dow chemical co
  • Medpointe pharmaceuticals medpointe healthcare inc
  • Novartis pharmaceuticals corp
  • Barr laboratories inc
  • Duramed pharmaceuticals inc sub barr laboratories inc
  • Halsey drug co inc
  • Impax laboratories inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Eli lilly and co
  • Mk laboratories inc
  • Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
  • Nexgen pharma inc
  • Panray corp sub ormont drug and chemical co inc
  • L perrigo co
  • Pharmavite pharmaceuticals
  • Phoenix laboratories inc
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • West ward pharmaceutical corp
  • Whiteworth towne paulsen inc
  • Bristol myers squibb co
  • Everylife
Packagers
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
  • Amend
  • Amneal Pharmaceuticals
  • Apotheca Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • Blenheim Pharmacal
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • Carolina Medical Products Co.
  • Consolidated Midland Corp.
  • Dept Health Central Pharmacy
  • Direct Dispensing Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
  • Eon Labs
  • Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Huffman Laboratories
  • Liberty Pharmaceuticals
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Nexgen Pharma Inc.
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • PCA LLC
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmpak Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Remedy Repack
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Sandoz
  • Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • UDL Laboratories
  • Versapharm Inc.
  • West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet
Tablet, coatedOral100 mg
Tablet, coatedOral300 mg
TabletOral
TabletOral
CapsuleOral50 mg/5mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular100 mg/1mL
SolutionOral50 mg/5mL
SyrupOral50 mg/5mL
TabletOral100 mg/1
TabletOral300 mg/1
SyrupOral50 mg / 5 mL
TabletOral100 mg / tab
TabletOral300 mg / tab
TabletOral50 mg / tab
PowderOral500 g / bottle
SyrupOral10 mg / mL
Tablet, film coated
TabletOral0.050 G
Injection, solutionIntramuscular100 mg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intrathecal; Intravenous500 mg/5ml
TabletOral200 MG
SolutionOral50 mg / 5 mL
TabletOral300 mg
CapsuleOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, solubleOral
Capsule, coatedOral
Tablet, sugar coatedOral
Tablet, chewableBuccal
Tablet, delayed releaseOral
Tablet, chewableOral
SyrupOral1.000 g
TabletOral100.000 mg
Tablet, coatedOral
SolutionOral100 mg/2ml
TabletOral50 mg
Capsule100 mg
TabletOral100 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Isoniazid 100 mg/ml vial27.37USD ml
Rifamate 150-300 mg capsule4.36USD capsule
Rifamate capsule4.19USD capsule
Isoniazid 100 mg tablet0.28USD tablet
Isoniazid 300 mg tablet0.18USD tablet
Isoniazid 50 mg/5ml Syrup0.16USD ml
Isoniazid powder0.11USD g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)171.4 °CPhysProp
water solubility1.4E+005 mg/L (at 25 °C)MERCK INDEX (2001)
logP-0.70HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS0.01ADME Research, USCD
pKa1.82 (at 20 °C)PERRIN,DD (1965)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility34.9 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.71ALOGPS
logP-0.69Chemaxon
logS-0.59ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.61Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.35Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area68.01 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count1Chemaxon
Refractivity37.46 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability13.21 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9892
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9895
Caco-2 permeable+0.6959
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.8315
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9778
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.996
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9054
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.9088
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9116
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7557
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.6482
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9273
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9443
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9513
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5111
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9342
Ames testAMES toxic0.8557
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7514
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.981
Rat acute toxicity2.0713 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9872
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9586
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Download (8.21 KB)
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0a4i-2900000000-d379ce585203e68cb06a
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0kdr-9600000000-f04526999a9b68d31861
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0900000000-3cf8f43d0df46334dcd9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-052r-7900000000-3d43394feacded48669d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-263a0bcadf2e21536983
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-002f-9000000000-17100430370d37f834ce
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-9466b9291244c1a61f01
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0900000000-afcf227eec118bec08a4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-1900000000-d63af1f463124dbf7b65
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00fr-9600000000-1d50dedb0eea7ff8dccb
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9100000000-371fd6d67c48f373e2e5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-dee0012ebd004444b3d8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-9343609c415cfe88ad4c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-1900000000-a26ea328e7c8ca2b7022
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9300000000-208fa8576e9cb7caab03
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-b4512cc79144e130eada
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-9100000000-59c8a5d36c62f5128cbb
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9000000000-96a509c1fdbff63dfda4
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-127.5994495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-127.8578495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-127.6716495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-123.86061
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+128.4651495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+128.4978495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+128.3348495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+127.0702
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+127.9723495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+127.7392495
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+136.167
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Other/unknown
General Function
Bifunctional enzyme with both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activity, oxidizing various electron donors including NADP(H) (PubMed:9006925, PubMed:18178143). Protects M.tuberculosis against toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide as well as organic peroxides and thus contributes to its survival within host macrophages by countering the phagocyte oxidative burst (PubMed:8658136, PubMed:15165233). Also displays efficient peroxynitritase activity, which may help the bacterium to persist in macrophages (PubMed:10080924).
Specific Function
Catalase activity
Gene Name
katG
Uniprot ID
P9WIE5
Uniprot Name
Catalase-peroxidase
Molecular Weight
80604.275 Da
References
  1. Pym AS, Domenech P, Honore N, Song J, Deretic V, Cole ST: Regulation of catalase-peroxidase (KatG) expression, isoniazid sensitivity and virulence by furA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Microbiol. 2001 May;40(4):879-89. [Article]
  2. Heym B, Alzari PM, Honore N, Cole ST: Missense mutations in the catalase-peroxidase gene, katG, are associated with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Jan;15(2):235-45. [Article]
  3. Wilson TM, de Lisle GW, Collins DM: Effect of inhA and katG on isoniazid resistance and virulence of Mycobacterium bovis. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Mar;15(6):1009-15. [Article]
  4. Vilcheze C, Jacobs WR Jr: The mechanism of isoniazid killing: clarity through the scope of genetics. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2007;61:35-50. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Adduct
General Function
Enoyl-ACP reductase of the type II fatty acid syntase (FAS-II) system, which is involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, a major component of mycobacterial cell walls (PubMed:25227413). Catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of the double bond of 2-trans-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], an essential step in the fatty acid elongation cycle of the FAS-II pathway (PubMed:7599116). Shows preference for long-chain fatty acyl thioester substrates (>C16), and can also use 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs as alternative substrates (PubMed:7599116). The mycobacterial FAS-II system utilizes the products of the FAS-I system as primers to extend fatty acyl chain lengths up to C56, forming the meromycolate chain that serves as the precursor for final mycolic acids (PubMed:25227413).
Specific Function
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (nadh) activity
Gene Name
inhA
Uniprot ID
P9WGR1
Uniprot Name
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]
Molecular Weight
28527.55 Da
References
  1. Schroeder EK, Basso LA, Santos DS, de Souza ON: Molecular dynamics simulation studies of the wild-type, I21V, and I16T mutants of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl reductase (InhA) in complex with NADH: toward the understanding of NADH-InhA different affinities. Biophys J. 2005 Aug;89(2):876-84. Epub 2005 May 20. [Article]
  2. Wilson TM, de Lisle GW, Collins DM: Effect of inhA and katG on isoniazid resistance and virulence of Mycobacterium bovis. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Mar;15(6):1009-15. [Article]
  3. Broussy S, Coppel Y, Nguyen M, Bernadou J, Meunier B: 1H and 13C NMR characterization of hemiamidal isoniazid-NAD(H) adducts as possible inhibitors of InhA reductase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chemistry. 2003 May 9;9(9):2034-8. [Article]
  4. Vilcheze C, Jacobs WR Jr: The mechanism of isoniazid killing: clarity through the scope of genetics. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2007;61:35-50. [Article]
  5. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Fontana E, Dansette PM, Poli SM: Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity. Curr Drug Metab. 2005 Oct;6(5):413-54. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Fontana E, Dansette PM, Poli SM: Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity. Curr Drug Metab. 2005 Oct;6(5):413-54. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Fontana E, Dansette PM, Poli SM: Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity. Curr Drug Metab. 2005 Oct;6(5):413-54. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Fontana E, Dansette PM, Poli SM: Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity. Curr Drug Metab. 2005 Oct;6(5):413-54. [Article]
Details
7. Dihydrofolate reductase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis.
Specific Function
Dihydrofolate reductase activity
Gene Name
folA
Uniprot ID
P9WNX1
Uniprot Name
Dihydrofolate reductase
Molecular Weight
17872.18 Da
References
  1. Wang F, Jain P, Gulten G, Liu Z, Feng Y, Ganesula K, Motiwala AS, Ioerger TR, Alland D, Vilcheze C, Jacobs WR Jr, Sacchettini JC: Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrofolate reductase is not a target relevant to the antitubercular activity of isoniazid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Sep;54(9):3776-82. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00453-10. Epub 2010 Jun 21. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity
Specific Function
Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs. Catalyzes the N- or O-acetylation of various arylamine and heterocyclic amine substrates and is able to bioactivat...
Gene Name
NAT2
Uniprot ID
P11245
Uniprot Name
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2
Molecular Weight
33542.235 Da
References
  1. Upton AM, Mushtaq A, Victor TC, Sampson SL, Sandy J, Smith DM, van Helden PV, Sim E: Arylamine N-acetyltransferase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a polymorphic enzyme and a site of isoniazid metabolism. Mol Microbiol. 2001 Oct;42(2):309-17. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to the free amino group of arylamines and hydrazines (PubMed:18795795). Is able to utilize not only acetyl-CoA, but also n-propionyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA as acyl donors, although at a lower rate (PubMed:19014350). As acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA are products of cholesterol catabolism and the nat gene is likely present in the same operon than genes involved in cholesterol degradation, this enzyme could have a role in the utilization and regulation of these CoA species (PubMed:19014350).
Specific Function
Arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity
Gene Name
nat
Uniprot ID
P9WJI5
Uniprot Name
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase
Molecular Weight
31028.88 Da
References
  1. Upton AM, Mushtaq A, Victor TC, Sampson SL, Sandy J, Smith DM, van Helden PV, Sim E: Arylamine N-acetyltransferase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a polymorphic enzyme and a site of isoniazid metabolism. Mol Microbiol. 2001 Oct;42(2):309-17. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Const...
Gene Name
CYP2A6
Uniprot ID
P11509
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2A6
Molecular Weight
56501.005 Da
References
  1. Wen X, Wang JS, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT: Isoniazid is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C19 and 3A4 isoforms in human liver microsomes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;57(11):799-804. [Article]
  2. Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Sakurai E, Yasuhara H: Inhibitory effect of antituberculosis drugs on human cytochrome P450-mediated activities. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Nov;96(3):293-300. Epub 2004 Nov 5. [Article]
  3. Court MH, Almutairi FE, Greenblatt DJ, Hazarika S, Sheng H, Klein K, Zanger UM, Bourgea J, Patten CJ, Kwara A: Isoniazid mediates the CYP2B6*6 genotype-dependent interaction between efavirenz and antituberculosis drug therapy through mechanism-based inactivation of CYP2A6. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4145-52. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02532-14. Epub 2014 May 12. [Article]
  4. Clin-Info. (2006). In Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: The Canadian Drug Reference for Health Professionals (pp. L56). Canadian Pharmacists Association. [ISBN:1-894402-22-7]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
Curator comments
This enzyme relationship is supported by data from 1 in vitro study available in the literature.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Polasek TM, Elliot DJ, Lewis BC, Miners JO: Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochrome P4502C8 by drugs in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Dec;311(3):996-1007. doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.071803. Epub 2004 Aug 10. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Inducer
Curator comments
Isoniazid tends to inhibit 2E1 while it is in the body, followed by induction once it is stopped and its plasma concentration becomes undetectable - CPS Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
Gene Name
CYP2E1
Uniprot ID
P05181
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2E1
Molecular Weight
56848.42 Da
References
  1. Madan A, Graham RA, Carroll KM, Mudra DR, Burton LA, Krueger LA, Downey AD, Czerwinski M, Forster J, Ribadeneira MD, Gan LS, LeCluyse EL, Zech K, Robertson P Jr, Koch P, Antonian L, Wagner G, Yu L, Parkinson A: Effects of prototypical microsomal enzyme inducers on cytochrome P450 expression in cultured human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Apr;31(4):421-31. doi: 10.1124/dmd.31.4.421. [Article]
  2. Zand R, Nelson SD, Slattery JT, Thummel KE, Kalhorn TF, Adams SP, Wright JM: Inhibition and induction of cytochrome P4502E1-catalyzed oxidation by isoniazid in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Aug;54(2):142-9. [Article]
  3. Caro AA, Cederbaum AI: Inhibition of CYP2E1 catalytic activity in vitro by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Apr 1;69(7):1081-93. [Article]
  4. Spracklin DK, Emery ME, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED: Concordance between trifluoroacetic acid and hepatic protein trifluoroacetylation after disulfiram inhibition of halothane metabolism in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003 Jul;47(6):765-70. [Article]
  5. Leclercq I, Desager JP, Horsmans Y: Inhibition of chlorzoxazone metabolism, a clinical probe for CYP2E1, by a single ingestion of watercress. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Aug;64(2):144-9. doi: 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90147-3. [Article]
  6. Wang P, Pradhan K, Zhong XB, Ma X: Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):384-392. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.014. Epub 2016 Aug 3. [Article]
  7. Clin-Info. (2006). In Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: The Canadian Drug Reference for Health Professionals (pp. L57). Canadian Pharmacists Association. [ISBN:1-894402-22-7]
Details
6. Cytochrome P450 1A2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Wang B, Zhou SF: Synthetic and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218. [Article]
  2. Desta Z, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms by isoniazid: potent inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Feb;45(2):382-92. doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.2.382-392.2001. [Article]
  3. Wen X, Wang JS, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT: Isoniazid is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C19 and 3A4 isoforms in human liver microsomes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;57(11):799-804. [Article]
  4. Clin-Info. (2006). In Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: The Canadian Drug Reference for Health Professionals (pp. L56). Canadian Pharmacists Association. [ISBN:1-894402-22-7]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Sakurai E, Yasuhara H: Inhibitory effect of antituberculosis drugs on human cytochrome P450-mediated activities. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Nov;96(3):293-300. Epub 2004 Nov 5. [Article]
  2. Clin-info. (2006). In Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: The Canadian Drug Reference for Health Professionals (pp. L56). Canadian Pharmacists Association. [ISBN:1-894402-22-7]
  3. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
Curator comments
This enzyme relationship is considered weak in the literature and is supported by 1 in vitro study.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Desta Z, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms by isoniazid: potent inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Feb;45(2):382-92. doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.2.382-392.2001. [Article]
Details
9. Cytochrome P450 2C19
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Sakurai E, Yasuhara H: Inhibitory effect of antituberculosis drugs on human cytochrome P450-mediated activities. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Nov;96(3):293-300. Epub 2004 Nov 5. [Article]
  2. Desta Z, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms by isoniazid: potent inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Feb;45(2):382-92. doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.2.382-392.2001. [Article]
  3. Clin-Info. (2006). In Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: The Canadian Drug Reference for Health Professionals (pp. L56). Canadian Pharmacists Association. [ISBN:1-894402-22-7]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Zhou S, Yung Chan S, Cher Goh B, Chan E, Duan W, Huang M, McLeod HL: Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by therapeutic drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(3):279-304. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200544030-00005. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Meng X, Maggs JL, Usui T, Whitaker P, French NS, Naisbitt DJ, Park BK: Auto-oxidation of Isoniazid Leads to Isonicotinic-Lysine Adducts on Human Serum Albumin. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Jan 20;28(1):51-8. doi: 10.1021/tx500285k. Epub 2014 Dec 9. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54