Frovatriptan

Identification

Summary

Frovatriptan is a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist used to treat migraines.

Brand Names

Frova

Generic Name

Frovatriptan

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00998

Background

Frovatriptan is a triptan drug developed by Vernalis for the treatment of migraine headaches, in particular those associated with menstruation. Frovatriptan causes vasoconstriction of arteries and veins that supply blood to the head.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Structure

3D

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MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Frovatriptan (DB00998)

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Weight

Average: 243.3043
Monoisotopic: 243.137162181

Chemical Formula

C₁₄H₁₇N₃O

Synonyms

• Frovatriptan

External IDs

• SB 209509

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Pharmacology

Indication

For the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults.

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Treatment of	Menstrual migraine		••• •••••
Treatment of	Migraine with aura		••••••••••••	•••••		••••••
Treatment of	Migraine without aura		••••••••••••	•••••		••••••

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Pharmacodynamics

Frovatriptan is a second generation triptan 5-HT receptor agonist that binds with high affinity for 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptors. It is structurally distinct from, but pharmacologically related to other selective 5-HT_1B/1D receptor agonists. Frovatriptan has no significant effects on GABA_A mediated channel activity and has no significant affinity for benzodiazepine binding sites. Frovatriptan is believed to act on extracerebral, intracranial arteries and to inhibit excessive dilation of these vessels in migraine. Research has shown that migraine can be caused by the swelling of blood vessels around the brain. Frovatriptan eases the pain associated with migraine by narrowing these blood vessels. Frovatriptan has one of the highest affinities for the 5-HT_1B of the second-generation triptan agonists.

Mechanism of action

Three distinct pharmacological actions have been implicated in the antimigraine effect of the triptans: (1) stimulation of presynaptic 5-HT_1D receptors, which serves to inhibit both dural vasodilation and inflammation; (2) direct inhibition of trigeminal nuclei cell excitability via 5-HT_1B/1D receptor agonism in the brainstem and (3) vasoconstriction of meningeal, dural, cerebral or pial vessels as a result of vascular 5-HT_1B receptor agonism.

Target	Actions	Organism
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	agonist	Humans
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	agonist	Humans

Absorption

Frovatriptan is rapidly absorbed from the duodenum, but has low oral bioavailability.

Volume of distribution

• 4.2 L/kg [males]
• 3 L/kg [females]

Protein binding

Binding to serum proteins is low (approximately 15%). Reversible binding to blood cells at equilibrium is approximately 60%.

Metabolism

In vitro, cytochrome P450 1A2 appears to be the principal enzyme involved in the metabolism of frovatriptan to several metabolites including hydroxylated frovatriptan, N-acetyl desmethyl frovatriptan, hydroxylated N-acetyl desmethyl frovatriptan and desmethyl frovatriptan, and several other minor metabolites. Desmethyl frovatriptan has lower affinity for 5-HT_1B/1D receptors compared to the parent compound. The N-acetyl desmethyl metabolite has no significant affinity for 5-HT receptors. The activity of the other metabolites is unknown.

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

• Frovatriptan
  • desmethyl frovatriptan
  • Hydroxylated frovatriptan
  • Hydroxylated N-acetyl desmethyl frovatriptan
  • N-acetyl desmethyl frovatriptan

Route of elimination

Radiolabeled compounds excreted in urine were unchanged frovatriptan, hydroxylated frovatriptan, N-acetyl desmethyl frovatriptan, hydroxylated N-acetyl desmethyl frovatriptan and desmethyl frovatriptan, together with several other minor metabolites. Less than 10% of frovatriptan was excreted in urine after an oral dose.

Half-life

26 hours

Clearance

• 220 mL/min [male receiving IV dose of 0.8 mg]
• 130 mL/min [Female receiving IV dose of 0.8 mg]

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

There is no direct experience of any patient taking an overdose of Frovatriptan. The maximum single dose of frovatriptan given to male and female patients with migraine was 40 mg (16 times the clinical dose) and the maximum single dose given to healthy male subjects was 100 mg (40 times the clinical dose) without significant adverse events.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Interacting Gene/Enzyme	Allele name	Genotype(s)	Defining Change(s)	Type(s)	Description	Details
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3	---	(T;T) / (C;T)	T Allele	Effect Directly Studied	Patients with this genotype have an increased likelihood of responding to frovatriptan when treating (condition: cluster headache).	Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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1,2-Benzodiazepine	The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Frovatriptan is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
Abametapir	The serum concentration of Frovatriptan can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept	The metabolism of Frovatriptan can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Abiraterone	The serum concentration of Frovatriptan can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
Acebutolol	Frovatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Acebutolol.

Food Interactions

• Take with or without food. Food does not affect bioavailability, but delays maximum concentrations by one hour.

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Frovatriptan succinate	D28J6W18HY	158930-17-7	CUETXFMONOSVJA-KLQYNRQASA-N
Frovatriptan succinate anhydrous	36K05YF32G	158930-09-7	WHTHWNUUXINXHN-SBSPUUFOSA-N

Product Images

International/Other Brands

Frova / Miguard

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Frova	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Stat Rx USA	2001-11-08	Not applicable
Frova	Tablet	2.5 mg	Oral	Endo Pharmaceuticals	2008-01-04	Not applicable
Frova	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2001-11-08	Not applicable
Frova	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Unit Dose Services	2001-11-08	2017-12-31
Frova	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Lake Erie Medical Dba Quality Care Produts Llc	2010-08-18	2017-06-01

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Apo-frovatriptan	Tablet	2.5 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2014-08-11	Not applicable
Frovatriptan	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.	2016-04-29	2023-04-30
Frovatriptan	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Amneal Pharmaceuticals NY LLC	2018-11-13	Not applicable
Frovatriptan	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Ingenus Pharmaceuticals, LLC	2022-07-22	Not applicable
Frovatriptan Succinate	Tablet, film coated	2.5 mg/1	Oral	Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA	2016-03-11	Not applicable

Categories

ATC Codes

N02CC07 — Frovatriptan

• N02CC — Selective serotonin (5HT1) agonists
• N02C — ANTIMIGRAINE PREPARATIONS
• N02 — ANALGESICS
• N — NERVOUS SYSTEM

Drug Categories

• Agents that produce hypertension
• Amines
• Analgesics
• Antidepressive Agents
• Antimigraine Preparations
• Biogenic Amines
• Biogenic Monoamines
• Central Nervous System Depressants
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
• Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
• Indoles
• Migraine Disorders
• Nervous System
• Neurotransmitter Agents
• Selective Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists
• Selective Serotonin Agonists
• Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
• Serotonin 1b Receptor Agonists
• Serotonin 1d Receptor Agonists
• Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists
• Serotonin Agents
• Serotonin Modulators
• Serotonin Receptor Agonists
• Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist
• Triptans

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carbazoles. These are compounds containing a three ring system containing a pyrrole ring fused on either side to a benzene ring.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Indoles and derivatives

Sub Class

Carbazoles

Direct Parent

Carbazoles

Alternative Parents

Indolecarboxamides and derivatives / 3-alkylindoles / Aralkylamines / Benzenoids / Pyrroles / Heteroaromatic compounds / Primary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids and derivatives / Dialkylamines / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives

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Substituents

3-alkylindole / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carbazole / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Indole / Indolecarboxamide derivative / Indolecarboxylic acid derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound / Organooxygen compound / Organopnictogen compound / Primary carboxylic acid amide / Pyrrole / Secondary aliphatic amine / Secondary amine

show 15 more

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

H82Q2D5WA7

CAS number

158747-02-5

InChI Key

XPSQPHWEGNHMSK-SECBINFHSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C14H17N3O/c1-16-9-3-5-13-11(7-9)10-6-8(14(15)18)2-4-12(10)17-13/h2,4,6,9,16-17H,3,5,7H2,1H3,(H2,15,18)/t9-/m1/s1

IUPAC Name

(3R)-3-(methylamino)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-6-carboxamide

SMILES

CN[C@@H]1CCC2=C(C1)C1=C(N2)C=CC(=C1)C(N)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Samir Naik, Anthony Crasto, Narendra Joshi, Sachin Srivastava, "Amorphous frovatriptan succinate and process for the preparation thereof." U.S. Patent US20070299123, issued December 27, 2007.

US20070299123

General References

1. Markus F, Mikko K: Frovatriptan review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Dec;8(17):3029-33. [Article]
2. Easthope SE, Goa KL: Frovatriptan. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(12):969-76; discussion 977-8. [Article]
3. Balbisi EA: Frovatriptan: a review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical potential in the treatment of menstrual migraine. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2006 Sep;2(3):303-8. [Article]
4. Balbisi EA: Frovatriptan succinate, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist for migraine. Int J Clin Pract. 2004 Jul;58(7):695-705. [Article]
5. Elkind AH, Wade A, Ishkanian G: Pharmacokinetics of frovatriptan in adolescent migraineurs. J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;44(10):1158-65. [Article]
6. Jhee SS, Shiovitz T, Crawford AW, Cutler NR: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the triptan antimigraine agents: a comparative review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2001;40(3):189-205. [Article]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database

HMDB0015133

KEGG Drug

D07997

PubChem Compound

77992

PubChem Substance

46506288

ChemSpider

70378

BindingDB

50073689

RxNav

228783

ChEBI

134991

ChEMBL

CHEMBL1279

ZINC

ZINC000000018635

Therapeutic Targets Database

DAP000063

PharmGKB

PA164754891

RxList

RxList Drug Page

Drugs.com

Drugs.com Drug Page

PDRhealth

PDRhealth Drug Page

Wikipedia

Frovatriptan

FDA label

Download (871 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Prevention	Migraine	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Menstrual Migraine (MM) Headaches	1
3	Completed	Not Available	Migraine	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Menstrually Associated Migraine	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Migraine	2

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

• Endo pharmaceuticals inc

Packagers

• DispenseXpress Inc.
• Elan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing Services Ltd.
• Stat Rx Usa
• Warner Chilcott Co. Inc.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Tablet	Oral	2.5 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	2.5 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Tablet, film coated	Oral	2.5 MG

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Frova 9 2.5 mg tablet Box	262.31USD	box
Frova 2.5 mg tablet	33.73USD	tablet

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
US5962501	No	1999-10-05	2013-12-16
CA2113726	No	2008-02-19	2012-06-17
CA2152630	No	2005-07-26	2013-12-16
US5464864	No	1995-11-07	2015-11-07
US5827871	No	1998-10-27	2015-10-27

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	Soluble	Not Available
logP	0.9	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.123 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	1.2	ALOGPS
logP	1.08	Chemaxon
logS	-3.3	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	14.54	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	10.42	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	1	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	70.91 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	Chemaxon
Refractivity	71.84 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	27.63 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	3	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9934
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.986
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.5794
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.602
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.8862
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.7244
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.6147
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7785
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.9116
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.5
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Inhibitor	0.6997
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8842
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8614
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.6656
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.5316
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.5744
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.7623
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.9456
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.9406
Rat acute toxicity	1.9582 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9878
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Inhibitor	0.6428

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	splash10-004i-3690000000-20d2133e95fbc6b1f414
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-006x-0090000000-22692ba065a6b315c9cd
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-01ox-0090000000-210f69a36d2eac8a9969
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0006-0290000000-bdc6cd115757ee576770
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0006-0090000000-c86eb1a80ee9fe73c149
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-014i-1910000000-4c03aff9c8c6e4123a0a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-01vk-0940000000-a8cc7402b35923ab13cb
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Adduct	CCS Value (Å2)	Source type	Source
[M-H]-	168.4135289	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-	168.2481289	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-	155.1603	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+	169.4572289	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+	169.2161289	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+	157.5183	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+	168.4824289	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+	168.3196289	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+	163.9811	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Binding Properties

×

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
Ki (nM)	4.4	N/A	N/A	A28741

Details

Binding Properties1. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Agonist

General Function

Serotonin receptor activity

Specific Function

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...

Gene Name

HTR1D

Uniprot ID

P28221

Uniprot Name

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D

Molecular Weight

41906.38 Da

References

1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
2. Easthope SE, Goa KL: Frovatriptan. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(12):969-76; discussion 977-8. [Article]
3. Comer MB: Pharmacology of the selective 5-HT(1B/1D) agonist frovatriptan. Headache. 2002 Apr;42 Suppl 2:S47-53. [Article]
4. Tfelt-Hansen P, De Vries P, Saxena PR: Triptans in migraine: a comparative review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Drugs. 2000 Dec;60(6):1259-87. [Article]
5. Deleu D, Hanssens Y: Current and emerging second-generation triptans in acute migraine therapy: a comparative review. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Jul;40(7):687-700. [Article]
6. Jahnichen S, Radtke OA, Pertz HH: Involvement of 5-HT1B receptors in triptan-induced contractile responses in guinea-pig isolated iliac artery. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):54-63. Epub 2004 Jun 8. [Article]
7. Balbisi EA: Frovatriptan succinate, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist for migraine. Int J Clin Pract. 2004 Jul;58(7):695-705. [Article]
8. Parsons AA, Raval P, Smith S, Tilford N, King FD, Kaumann AJ, Hunter J: Effects of the novel high-affinity 5-HT(1B/1D)-receptor ligand frovatriptan in human isolated basilar and coronary arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998 Aug;32(2):220-4. [Article]
9. Balbisi EA: Frovatriptan: a review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical potential in the treatment of menstrual migraine. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2006 Sep;2(3):303-8. [Article]
10. Elkind AH, Wade A, Ishkanian G: Pharmacokinetics of frovatriptan in adolescent migraineurs. J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;44(10):1158-65. [Article]
11. Buchan P, Wade A, Ward C, Oliver SD, Stewart AJ, Freestone S: Frovatriptan: a review of drug-drug interactions. Headache. 2002 Apr;42 Suppl 2:S63-73. [Article]

Binding Properties

×

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
Ki (nM)	10.3	N/A	N/A	A28741

Details

Binding Properties2. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Agonist

General Function

Serotonin receptor activity

Specific Function

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...

Gene Name

HTR1B

Uniprot ID

P28222

Uniprot Name

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B

Molecular Weight

43567.535 Da

References

1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
2. Balbisi EA: Frovatriptan succinate, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist for migraine. Int J Clin Pract. 2004 Jul;58(7):695-705. [Article]
3. Comer MB: Pharmacology of the selective 5-HT(1B/1D) agonist frovatriptan. Headache. 2002 Apr;42 Suppl 2:S47-53. [Article]
4. Parsons AA, Raval P, Smith S, Tilford N, King FD, Kaumann AJ, Hunter J: Effects of the novel high-affinity 5-HT(1B/1D)-receptor ligand frovatriptan in human isolated basilar and coronary arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998 Aug;32(2):220-4. [Article]
5. Easthope SE, Goa KL: Frovatriptan. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(12):969-76; discussion 977-8. [Article]
6. Dodick DW, Sandrini G, Williams P: Use of the sustained pain-free plus no adverse events endpoint in clinical trials of triptans in acute migraine. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(1):73-82. [Article]
7. Tfelt-Hansen P, De Vries P, Saxena PR: Triptans in migraine: a comparative review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Drugs. 2000 Dec;60(6):1259-87. [Article]
8. Deleu D, Hanssens Y: Current and emerging second-generation triptans in acute migraine therapy: a comparative review. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Jul;40(7):687-700. [Article]
9. Markus F, Mikko K: Frovatriptan review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Dec;8(17):3029-33. [Article]
10. Balbisi EA: Frovatriptan: a review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical potential in the treatment of menstrual migraine. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2006 Sep;2(3):303-8. [Article]
11. Elkind AH, Wade A, Ishkanian G: Pharmacokinetics of frovatriptan in adolescent migraineurs. J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;44(10):1158-65. [Article]
12. Buchan P, Wade A, Ward C, Oliver SD, Stewart AJ, Freestone S: Frovatriptan: a review of drug-drug interactions. Headache. 2002 Apr;42 Suppl 2:S63-73. [Article]

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Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55