NAV

Proflavine

Identification

Summary

Proflavine is a topical antiseptic agent used in wound dressings to prevent infections.

Generic Name
Proflavine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01123
Background

3,6-Diaminoacridine. Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 209.2465
Monoisotopic: 209.095297367
Chemical Formula
C13H11N3
Synonyms
  • 2,8-Diaminoacridine
  • 3,6-acridinediamine
  • 3,6-diaminoacridine
  • Diaminoacridine
  • Proflavin
  • Proflavina
  • Proflavine
  • Proflavinum
Poor quality drug data slowing you down?
Unlock 38% more drug discovery time and eliminate decision-making doubts with this one-stop guide to quality drug data.
Download eBook
Poor quality drug data slowing you down?
Download eBook

Pharmacology

Indication

Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.

Reduce drug development failure rates
Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.
See how
Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.
See how
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today
Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.
Learn more
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
Learn more
Pharmacodynamics

Proflavine is an acriflavine derivative which is a disinfectant bacteriostatic against many gram-positive bacteria. Proflavine is toxic and carcinogenic in mammals and so it is used only as a surface disinfectant or for treating superficial wounds.

Mechanism of action

Proflavine acts by interchelating DNA (intercalation), thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands. This prevents bacterial reproduction.

TargetActionsOrganism
ADNA
intercalation
Humans
NProthrombin
other/unknown
Humans
UHTH-type transcriptional regulator QacRNot AvailableStaphylococcus aureus
UTetR family transcriptional repressor LfrRNot AvailableMycobacterium smegmatis
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomes
With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!
See the data
Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
See a data sample
Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions
Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
Access now
Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
Access now
Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Proflavine hemisulfate27V8M747VB1811-28-5YADYXCVYLIKQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Kerr 100 Triple Dye Dispos-AProflavine hemisulfate (1.14 mg/1mL) + Brilliant green (2.29 mg/1mL) + Gentian violet (2.2 mg/1mL)SwabTopicalVistaPharm, LLC2004-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Perineze Triple DyeProflavine hemisulfate (1.14 mg/0.61mL) + Brilliant green (2.29 mg/0.61mL) + Gentian violet (2.29 mg/0.61mL)SolutionTopicalPeace Medical Inc.2011-09-28Not applicableUS flag
Triple DyeProflavine hemisulfate (1.14 mg / mL) + Brilliant green (2.29 mg / mL) + Gentian violet (2.29 mg / mL)LiquidTopicalFrank W. Kerr Chemical Company1983-12-312004-10-27Canada flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acridines. These are organic compounds containing the acridine moiety, a linear tricyclic heterocycle which consists of two benzene rings joined by a pyridine ring.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Quinolines and derivatives
Sub Class
Benzoquinolines
Direct Parent
Acridines
Alternative Parents
Aminoquinolines and derivatives / Pyridines and derivatives / Benzenoids / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Primary amines / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Acridine / Amine / Aminoquinoline / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organonitrogen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
aminoacridines (CHEBI:8452)
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
CY3RNB3K4T
CAS number
92-62-6
InChI Key
WDVSHHCDHLJJJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H11N3/c14-10-3-1-8-5-9-2-4-11(15)7-13(9)16-12(8)6-10/h1-7H,14-15H2
IUPAC Name
acridine-3,6-diamine
SMILES
NC1=CC2=NC3=C(C=CC(N)=C3)C=C2C=C1

References

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015255
KEGG Compound
C11181
PubChem Compound
7099
PubChem Substance
46505401
ChemSpider
6832
BindingDB
12590
RxNav
8723
ChEBI
8452
ChEMBL
CHEMBL55400
ZINC
ZINC000003775644
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000995
PharmGKB
PA164748742
PDBe Ligand
PRL
Wikipedia
Proflavine
PDB Entries
1bcu / 1qvt / 1qvu / 1vtf / 2kd4 / 2v57 / 3ft6 / 3hth / 4zph / 7nt4
MSDS
Download (71.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
2CompletedOtherPrior History of Squamous Cell Dysplasia and /or Neoplasia / Suspected or Known Squamous Cell Neoplasia1
2RecruitingOtherBarrett's Esophagus1
2RecruitingOtherPrior History of Squamous Cell Dysplasia and /or Neoplasia / Suspected or Known Squamous Cell Neoplasia1
2WithdrawnTreatmentUterine Malignancies1
1TerminatedDiagnosticGastric Cancer1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Frank W Kerr Chemical Co.
  • William Laboratories Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SwabTopical
SolutionTopical
LiquidTopical
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)285 °CPhysProp
water solubility5E+005 mg/L (at 20 °C)YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP1.83HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa8.06 (at 20 °C)PERRIN,DD (1972)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.104 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.1ALOGPS
logP1.85Chemaxon
logS-3.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.32Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area64.93 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity65.46 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability23.17 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9762
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9388
Caco-2 permeable+0.7041
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.7289
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9623
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8593
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.7993
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8805
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8649
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7682
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.8698
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.758
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8692
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7273
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6799
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7368
Ames testAMES toxic0.9302
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8204
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.994
Rat acute toxicity2.5383 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9803
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7051
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Download (7.48 KB)
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0a4i-0690000000-03815a906da0db330dec
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0090000000-3f96d325ff8915c27ac7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0090000000-336a2143f6d5c43fe750
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0090000000-dbcf1406326a7cd7e1f0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0290000000-3d3a8b80322b70c19b97
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-02ai-0950000000-078c4b9cd8b43687b7a4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0920000000-07b71be93f387e55d81c
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-154.1464368
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-150.5395
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+154.8447368
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+152.93507
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+154.2952368
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+158.95036
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Details1. DNA
Kind
Nucleotide
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Intercalation
DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Sinha R, Hossain M, Kumar GS: Interaction of small molecules with double-stranded RNA: spectroscopic, viscometric, and calorimetric study of hoechst and proflavine binding to PolyCG structures. DNA Cell Biol. 2009 Apr;28(4):209-19. doi: 10.1089/dna.2008.0838. [Article]
  4. Berezniak EG, gladkovskaia NA, Khrebtova AS, Dukhopel'nikov EV, Zinchenko AV: [Features of binding of proflavine to DNA at different DNA-ligand concentration ratios]. Biofizika. 2009 Sep-Oct;54(5):805-12. [Article]
Details2. Prothrombin
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Other/unknown
General Function
Thrombospondin receptor activity
Specific Function
Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostas...
Gene Name
F2
Uniprot ID
P00734
Uniprot Name
Prothrombin
Molecular Weight
70036.295 Da
References
  1. Sie P, Bezeaud A, Dupouy D, Archipoff G, Freyssinet JM, Dugoujon JM, Serre G, Guillin MC, Boneu B: An acquired antithrombin autoantibody directed toward the catalytic center of the enzyme. J Clin Invest. 1991 Jul;88(1):290-6. [Article]
  2. Koehler KA, Magnusson S: The binding of proflavin to thrombin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1974 Jan;160(1):175-84. [Article]
  3. Sonder SA, Fenton JW 2nd: Proflavin binding within the fibrinopeptide groove adjacent to the catalytic site of human alpha-thrombin. Biochemistry. 1984 Apr 10;23(8):1818-23. [Article]
  4. Valeri AM, Wilson SM, Feinman RD: Reaction of antithrombin with proteases. Evidence for a specific reaction with papain. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Aug 7;614(2):526-33. [Article]
  5. De Cristofaro R, De Candia E, Picozzi M, Landolfi R: Conformational transitions linked to active site ligation in human thrombin: effect on the interaction with fibrinogen and the cleavable platelet receptor. J Mol Biol. 1995 Jan 27;245(4):447-58. [Article]
  6. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
Details3. HTH-type transcriptional regulator QacR
Kind
Protein
Organism
Staphylococcus aureus
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Transcriptional repressor of qacA. Binds to IR1, an unusually long 28 bp operator, which is located downstream from the qacA promoter and overlaps its transcription start site. QacR is induced from its IR1 site by binding to one of many structurally dissimilar cationic lipophilic compounds, which are also substrates of QacA.
Specific Function
Dna binding
Gene Name
qacR
Uniprot ID
P0A0N4
Uniprot Name
HTH-type transcriptional regulator QacR
Molecular Weight
22174.175 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
Details4. TetR family transcriptional repressor LfrR
Kind
Protein
Organism
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Dna binding
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
lfrR
Uniprot ID
Q58L87
Uniprot Name
TetR family transcriptional regulator
Molecular Weight
20618.16 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 28, 2021 21:54