NAV

Halofantrine

Identification

Summary

Halofantrine is an antimalarial used for the treatment of severe malaria.

Generic Name
Halofantrine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01218
Background

Halofantrine is an antimalarial. It belongs to the phenanthrene class of compounds that includes quinine and lumefantrine. It appears to inhibit polymerisation of heme molecules (by the parasite enzyme "heme polymerase"), resulting in the parasite being poisoned by its own waste. Halofantrine has been shown to preferentially block open and inactivated HERG channels leading to some degree of cardiotoxicity.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 500.424
Monoisotopic: 499.165654616
Chemical Formula
C26H30Cl2F3NO
Synonyms
  • Halofantrina
  • Halofantrine
  • Halofantrinum
External IDs
  • DL-WR-171669
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Pharmacology

Indication

For treatment of Severe malaria

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Halofantrine is a synthetic antimalarial which acts as a blood schizonticide. It is effective against multi drug resistant (including mefloquine resistant) P. falciparum malaria.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of Halofantrine may be similar to that of chloroquine, quinine, and mefloquine; by forming toxic complexes with ferritoporphyrin IX that damage the membrane of the parasite.

TargetActionsOrganism
AFe(II)-protoporphyrin IX
antagonist
Plasmodium falciparum
APotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
inhibitor
Humans
UPlasmepsin-2
inhibitor
Plasmodium falciparum
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

60-70%;

Metabolism

Hepatic

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

6-10 days

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Side effects incldue coughing noisy, rattling, troubled breathing, loss of appetite, aches and pain in joints, indigestion,and skin itching or rash.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Halofantrine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Halofantrine can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbirateroneThe metabolism of Halofantrine can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Halofantrine can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
AcebutololThe metabolism of Acebutolol can be decreased when combined with Halofantrine.
Food Interactions
  • Take on an empty stomach. Food increases the bioavailability 6-fold, which may increase the risk of cardiotoxicity.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Halofantrine hydrochlorideH77DL0Y63036167-63-2WANGFTDWOFGECH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
HalfanTablet250 mg/1OralGlaxoSmithKline2006-09-202006-11-17US flag
Halfan - Tab 250mgTablet250 mg / tabOralSmithkline Beecham Pharma Division Of Smithkline Beecham Inc1996-07-161999-03-08Canada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
P01BX01 — Halofantrine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenanthrenes and derivatives. These are polycyclic compounds containing a phenanthrene moiety, which is a tricyclic aromatic compound with three non-linearly fused benzene.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Chloronaphthalenes / Aralkylamines / Aryl chlorides / 1,3-aminoalcohols / Trialkylamines / Secondary alcohols / Organopnictogen compounds / Organofluorides / Organochlorides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
show 2 more
Substituents
1,3-aminoalcohol / Alcohol / Alkyl fluoride / Alkyl halide / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic alcohol / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide
show 15 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Plasmodium

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
Q2OS4303HZ
CAS number
69756-53-2
InChI Key
FOHHNHSLJDZUGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C26H30Cl2F3NO/c1-3-5-10-32(11-6-4-2)12-9-25(33)23-16-22-21(14-18(27)15-24(22)28)20-13-17(26(29,30)31)7-8-19(20)23/h7-8,13-16,25,33H,3-6,9-12H2,1-2H3
IUPAC Name
3-(dibutylamino)-1-[1,3-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthren-9-yl]propan-1-ol
SMILES
CCCCN(CCCC)CCC(O)C1=C2C=CC(=CC2=C2C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C2=C1)C(F)(F)F

References

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015349
KEGG Compound
C07634
PubChem Compound
37393
PubChem Substance
46506753
ChemSpider
34303
BindingDB
79214
RxNav
50749
ChEBI
94392
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1107
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000953
PharmGKB
PA449839
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Halofantrine
FDA label
Download (84 KB)
MSDS
Download (27.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Suspension
TabletOral
TabletOral250 mg/1
TabletOral250 mg / tab
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP8.9Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.000111 mg/mLALOGPS
logP7.34ALOGPS
logP8.06Chemaxon
logS-6.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.47Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.05Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area23.47 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count11Chemaxon
Refractivity131.66 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability51.53 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.949
Caco-2 permeable+0.6485
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.74
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.6857
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.6097
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.5267
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8426
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8918
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6218
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.5513
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9071
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorInhibitor0.8931
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9025
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.7959
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5252
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6185
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.6485
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity2.6809 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Strong inhibitor0.732
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.9085
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0006-4908300000-fda0bab8f57ca3a07e80
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0101290000-fdbed4a44f68dd1bb138
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-002b-1100900000-2ceac06c2b018008fa10
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0407930000-f7179ec7a0c4f58f7c56
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00c1-5502900000-01f3fcbabfda431116ee
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-9507100000-c7174d258ca487d6fc97
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-9107700000-e9bdad4c124e8ee4e51f
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-219.003749
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-211.04655
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+219.703049
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+213.40453
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+218.460649
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+220.20766
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
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Details1. Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX
Kind
Small molecule
Organism
Plasmodium falciparum
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Blauer G: Interaction of ferriprotoporphyrin IX with the antimalarials amodiaquine and halofantrine. Biochem Int. 1988 Oct;17(4):729-34. [Article]
  4. Egan TJ, Hempelmann E, Mavuso WW: Characterisation of synthetic beta-haematin and effects of the antimalarial drugs quinidine, halofantrine, desbutylhalofantrine and mefloquine on its formation. J Inorg Biochem. 1999 Jan-Feb;73(1-2):101-7. [Article]
  5. Famin O, Krugliak M, Ginsburg H: Kinetics of inhibition of glutathione-mediated degradation of ferriprotoporphyrin IX by antimalarial drugs. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Jul 1;58(1):59-68. [Article]
  6. de Villiers KA, Marques HM, Egan TJ: The crystal structure of halofantrine-ferriprotoporphyrin IX and the mechanism of action of arylmethanol antimalarials. J Inorg Biochem. 2008 Aug;102(8):1660-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 Apr 20. [Article]
  7. Fitch CD: Ferriprotoporphyrin IX, phospholipids, and the antimalarial actions of quinoline drugs. Life Sci. 2004 Mar 5;74(16):1957-72. [Article]
Details2. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Specific Function
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the ...
Gene Name
KCNH2
Uniprot ID
Q12809
Uniprot Name
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
Molecular Weight
126653.52 Da
References
  1. Tie H, Walker BD, Singleton CB, Valenzuela SM, Bursill JA, Wyse KR, Breit SN, Campbell TJ: Inhibition of HERG potassium channels by the antimalarial agent halofantrine. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Aug;130(8):1967-75. [Article]
  2. Mbai M, Rajamani S, January CT: The anti-malarial drug halofantrine and its metabolite N-desbutylhalofantrine block HERG potassium channels. Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Sep;55(4):799-805. [Article]
Details3. Plasmepsin-2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Plasmodium falciparum
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
Not Available
Uniprot ID
P46925
Uniprot Name
Plasmepsin-2
Molecular Weight
51489.41 Da
References
  1. Friedman R, Caflisch A: Discovery of plasmepsin inhibitors by fragment-based docking and consensus scoring. ChemMedChem. 2009 Aug;4(8):1317-26. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.200900078. [Article]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Halliday RC, Jones BC, Smith DA, Kitteringham NR, Park BK: An investigation of the interaction between halofantrine, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4: studies with human liver microsomes and heterologous enzyme expression systems. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Oct;40(4):369-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04559.x. [Article]
  2. Simooya OO, Sijumbil G, Lennard MS, Tucker GT: Halofantrine and chloroquine inhibit CYP2D6 activity in healthy Zambians. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Mar;45(3):315-7. [Article]
  3. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details2. Cytochrome P450 3A4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Khoo SM, Porter JH, Edwards GA, Charman WN: Metabolism of halofantrine to its equipotent metabolite, desbutylhalofantrine, is decreased when orally administered with ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci. 1998 Dec;87(12):1538-41. doi: 10.1021/js980185w. [Article]
  2. Baune B, Flinois JP, Furlan V, Gimenez F, Taburet AM, Becquemont L, Farinotti R: Halofantrine metabolism in microsomes in man: major role of CYP 3A4 and CYP 3A5. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;51(4):419-26. [Article]
  3. Charbit B, Becquemont L, Lepere B, Peytavin G, Funck-Brentano C: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between grapefruit juice and halofantrine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Nov;72(5):514-23. doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.128148b. [Article]
Details3. Cytochrome P450 3A5
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Baune B, Flinois JP, Furlan V, Gimenez F, Taburet AM, Becquemont L, Farinotti R: Halofantrine metabolism in microsomes in man: major role of CYP 3A4 and CYP 3A5. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;51(4):419-26. [Article]
Details4. Cytochrome P450 2C8
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Baune B, Flinois JP, Furlan V, Gimenez F, Taburet AM, Becquemont L, Farinotti R: Halofantrine metabolism in microsomes in man: major role of CYP 3A4 and CYP 3A5. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;51(4):419-26. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at December 02, 2023 07:02