Identification
- Summary
Yohimbine is an alpha-2-adrenergic blocker and sympatholytic found in supplements used to.
- Generic Name
- Yohimbine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01392
- Background
A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Yohimbine (DB01392)
- Weight
- Average: 354.4427
Monoisotopic: 354.194342708 - Chemical Formula
- C21H26N2O3
- Synonyms
- (+)-yohimbine
- (16α,17α)-17-hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
- 17α-hydroxyyohimban-16α-carboxylic acid methyl ester
- Johimbin
- Quebrachin
- Yohimbic acid methyl ester
- Yohimbin
- Yohimbine
- Yohimbinum
Pharmacology
- Indication
Indicated as a sympatholytic and mydriatic. Impotence has been successfully treated with yohimbine in male patients with vascular or diabetic origins and psychogenic origins.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Yohimbine is an indolalkylamine alkaloid with chemical similarity to reserpine. Yohimbine blocks presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. Its action on peripheral blood vessels resembles that of reserpine, though it is weaker and of short duration. Yohimbine's peripheral autonomic nervous system effect is to increase parasympathetic (cholinergic) and decrease sympathetic (adrenergic) activity. It is to be noted that in male sexual performance, erection is linked to cholinergic activity and to alpha-2 adrenergic blockade which may theoretically result in increased penile inflow, decreased penile outflow or both. Yohimbine exerts a stimulating action on the mood and may increase anxiety. Such actions have not been adequately studied or related to dosage although they appear to require high doses of the drug. Yohimbine has a mild anti-diuretic action, probably via stimulation of hypothalmic center and release of posterior pituitary hormone. Reportedly Yohimbine exerts no significant influence on cardiac stimulation and other effects mediated by (beta)-adrenergic receptors. Its effect on blood pressure, if any, would be to lower it; however, no adequate studies are at hand to quantitate this effect in terms of Yohimbine dosage.
- Mechanism of action
Yohimbine is a pre-synaptic alpha 2-adrenergic blocking agent. The exact mechanism for its use in impotence has not been fully elucidated. However, yohimbine may exert its beneficial effect on erectile ability through blockade of central alpha 2-adrenergic receptors producing an increase in sympathetic drive secondary to an increase in norepinephrine release and in firing rate of cells in the brain noradrenergic nuclei. Yohimbine-mediated norepinephrine release at the level of the corporeal tissues may also be involved. In addition, beneficial effects may involve other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin and cholinergic receptors.
Target Actions Organism AAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor antagonistHumans AAlpha-2B adrenergic receptor antagonistHumans AAlpha-2C adrenergic receptor antagonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A partial agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B partial agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D partial agonistHumans UDopamine D2 receptor antagonistHumans UDopamine D3 receptor antagonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A antagonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C antagonistHumans UATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitorHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B antagonistHumans - Absorption
Rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Bioavailability is highly variable, ranging from 7 to 87% (mean 33%).
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Yohimbine appears to undergo extensive metabolism in an organ of high flow such as the liver or kidney, however, the precise metabolic fate of yohimbine has not been fully determined.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Elimination half-life is approximately 36 minutes.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Yohimbine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abametapir The serum concentration of Yohimbine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Yohimbine can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abiraterone The metabolism of Yohimbine can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone. Acebutolol The metabolism of Yohimbine can be decreased when combined with Acebutolol. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Yohimbine hydrochloride NB2E1YP49F 65-19-0 PIPZGJSEDRMUAW-VJDCAHTMSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Actibine / Aphrodine / Aphrodyne / Baron-X / Corynine / Dayto himbin / Thybine / Yocon / Yohimar / Yohimex / Yoman / Yovital
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Yocon Tablet 5.4mg Tablet 5.4 mg Oral Palisades Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1988-12-31 2010-07-16 Canada 
Yohimbine HCl 2mg Tablet 2 mg Oral Odan Laboratories Ltd 1992-12-31 2010-07-19 Canada Yohimbine HCl 5.4mg Tablet 5.4 mg Oral Odan Laboratories Ltd 1996-09-09 2010-07-19 Canada Yohimbine Hydrochloride Tab 2mg Tablet 2 mg Oral Odan Laboratories Ltd 1992-12-31 Not applicable Canada Yohimbine Hydrochloride Tablets 5.4mg Tablet 5.4 mg Oral Tanta Pharmaceuticals Inc 1994-12-31 2009-09-15 Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- G04BE04 — Yohimbine
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergic Agents
- Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
- Adrenergic Antagonists
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Alkaloids
- Antidepressive Agents
- Autonomic Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Dopamine Antagonists
- Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists
- Drugs Used in Erectile Dysfunction
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Genitourinary Agents
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Indole Alkaloids
- Indoles
- Indolizidines
- Indolizines
- Mydriatics
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Other Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids
- Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin Agents
- Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
- Urological Agents
- Urologicals
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as yohimbine alkaloids. These are alkaloids containing the pentacyclic yohimban skeleton. The Yohimbinoid alkaloids contain a carbocyclic ring E arising through C-17 to C-18 bond formation in a corynantheine precursor.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Alkaloids and derivatives
- Class
- Yohimbine alkaloids
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Yohimbine alkaloids
- Alternative Parents
- Corynanthean-type alkaloids / Beta carbolines / 3-alkylindoles / Aralkylamines / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives / Benzenoids / Piperidines / Pyrroles / Heteroaromatic compounds / Methyl esters show 10 more
- Substituents
- 3-alkylindole / Alcohol / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Beta-carboline / Beta-hydroxy acid show 27 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate (CHEBI:10093) / Indole alkaloids (C09256)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 2Y49VWD90Q
- CAS number
- 146-48-5
- InChI Key
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C21H26N2O3/c1-26-21(25)19-15-10-17-20-14(13-4-2-3-5-16(13)22-20)8-9-23(17)11-12(15)6-7-18(19)24/h2-5,12,15,17-19,22,24H,6-11H2,1H3/t12-,15-,17-,18-,19+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- methyl (1S,15R,18S,19R,20S)-18-hydroxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,9}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-19-carboxylate
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@]1([H])C[C@]1([H])N(CCC3=C1NC1=CC=CC=C31)C2
References
- Synthesis Reference
Germain Saint-Ruf, Pham Huu Chanh, Buu Hoi, "Yohimbine derivatives, process for their preparation and their applications." U.S. Patent US3940387, issued April, 1960.
US3940387- General References
- Holmes A, Quirk GJ: Pharmacological facilitation of fear extinction and the search for adjunct treatments for anxiety disorders--the case of yohimbine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;31(1):2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Dec 28. [Article]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015464
- KEGG Compound
- C09256
- PubChem Compound
- 8969
- PubChem Substance
- 46504602
- ChemSpider
- 8622
- BindingDB
- 50203564
- 220982
- ChEBI
- 10093
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL15245
- ZINC
- ZINC000003860825
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000087
- PharmGKB
- PA451946
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Yohimbine
- MSDS
- Download (73.3 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Erectile Dysfunction 1 4 Completed Treatment Autoregulation / Blood Flow Velocity / Physiology, Ocular 1 4 Not Yet Recruiting Basic Science Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) 1 3 Completed Treatment Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) 1 2 Completed Other Depression, Involutional / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- Baroli
- Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
- Concord Labs
- Contract Pharm
- Eon Labs
- Glenwood Laboratories
- Iopharm Laboratories Inc.
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
- Pharmedix
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Professional Co.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Star Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 2 mg Tablet Oral 5.4 mg Tablet Oral 6 mg Tablet, sugar coated Oral 5 mg Tablet Oral 5 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Yohimbine hcl powder 22.8USD g Yohimbine 5.4 mg tablet 1.04USD tablet Yocon 5.4 mg tablet 0.96USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 241 °C PhysProp logP 2.73 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.348 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.36 ALOGPS logP 2.1 Chemaxon logS -3 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 14.68 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.48 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 65.56 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 Chemaxon Refractivity 99.63 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 40.24 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 5 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9782 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.5738 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8866 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8762 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.6002 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9318 Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.5738 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8514 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8919 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5677 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8931 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9094 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8333 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8682 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8681 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9696 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 2.7324 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8104 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.6141
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 196.1746023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 196.9527023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 197.6491023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 184.83653 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 197.2047023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 196.5547023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 197.2886023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 186.82262 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 196.4049023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 195.7947023 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 192.73514 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Thioesterase binding
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...
- Gene Name
- ADRA2A
- Uniprot ID
- P08913
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 48956.275 Da
References
- Laurila JM, Xhaard H, Ruuskanen JO, Rantanen MJ, Karlsson HK, Johnson MS, Scheinin M: The second extracellular loop of alpha2A-adrenoceptors contributes to the binding of yohimbine analogues. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;151(8):1293-304. Epub 2007 Jun 11. [Article]
- Zadori ZS, Shujaa N, Fulop K, Dunkel P, Gyires K: Pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in the clonidine- and oxymetazoline-induced inhibition of gastric motility in the rat. Neurochem Int. 2007 Oct;51(5):297-305. Epub 2007 Jun 30. [Article]
- Paul BZ, Jin J, Kunapuli SP: Molecular mechanism of thromboxane A(2)-induced platelet aggregation. Essential role for p2t(ac) and alpha(2a) receptors. J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 8;274(41):29108-14. [Article]
- Kalkman HO, Loetscher E: alpha2C-Adrenoceptor blockade by clozapine and other antipsychotic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Feb 21;462(1-3):33-40. [Article]
- Ozdogan UK, Lahdesmaki J, Scheinin M: The analgesic efficacy of partial opioid agonists is increased in mice with targeted inactivation of the alpha2A-adrenoceptor gene. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Jan 4;529(1-3):105-13. Epub 2005 Dec 2. [Article]
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Epinephrine binding
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine...
- Gene Name
- ADRA2B
- Uniprot ID
- P18089
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 49565.8 Da
References
- Freitag A, Wessler I, Racke K: Adrenoceptor- and cholinoceptor-mediated mechanisms in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release from isolated tracheae of newborn rabbits. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Sep;119(1):91-8. [Article]
- Cleary L, Vandeputte C, Docherty JR: Investigation of neurotransmission in vas deferens from alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):857-64. [Article]
- Gyires K, Mullner K, Ronai AZ: Functional evidence that gastroprotection can be induced by activation of central alpha(2B)-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 May 19;396(2-3):131-5. [Article]
- Takada K, Clark DJ, Davies MF, Tonner PH, Krause TK, Bertaccini E, Maze M: Meperidine exerts agonist activity at the alpha(2B)-adrenoceptor subtype. Anesthesiology. 2002 Jun;96(6):1420-6. [Article]
- Alonso E, Garrido E, Diez-Fernandez C, Perez-Garcia C, Herradon G, Ezquerra L, Deuel TF, Alguacil LF: Yohimbine prevents morphine-induced changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein in brainstem and alpha2-adrenoceptor gene expression in hippocampus. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jan 29;412(2):163-7. Epub 2006 Nov 22. [Article]
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
- Gene Name
- ADRA2C
- Uniprot ID
- P18825
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 49521.585 Da
References
- Lalchandani SG, Lei L, Zheng W, Suni MM, Moore BM, Liggett SB, Miller DD, Feller DR: Yohimbine dimers exhibiting selectivity for the human alpha 2C-adrenoceptor subtype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):979-84. [Article]
- Rizzo CA, Ruck LM, Corboz MR, Umland SP, Wan Y, Shah H, Jakway J, Cheng L, McCormick K, Egan RW, Hey JA: Postjunctional alpha(2C)-adrenoceptor contractility in human saphenous vein. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Feb 16;413(2-3):263-9. [Article]
- Cleary L, Murad K, Bexis S, Docherty JR: The alpha (1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist BMY 7378 is also an alpha (2C)-adrenoceptor antagonist. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;25(4):135-41. [Article]
- Kalkman HO, Loetscher E: alpha2C-Adrenoceptor blockade by clozapine and other antipsychotic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Feb 21;462(1-3):33-40. [Article]
- Cleary L, Vandeputte C, Docherty JR: Investigation of neurotransmission in vas deferens from alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):857-64. [Article]
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Partial agonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
- Gene Name
- HTR1A
- Uniprot ID
- P08908
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 46106.335 Da
References
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Kaumann AJ: Yohimbine and rauwolscine inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of large coronary arteries of calf through blockade of 5 HT2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1983 Jun;323(2):149-54. [Article]
- Holmes A, Quirk GJ: Pharmacological facilitation of fear extinction and the search for adjunct treatments for anxiety disorders--the case of yohimbine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;31(1):2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Dec 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Partial agonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
- Gene Name
- HTR1B
- Uniprot ID
- P28222
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
- Molecular Weight
- 43567.535 Da
References
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Kaumann AJ: Yohimbine and rauwolscine inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of large coronary arteries of calf through blockade of 5 HT2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1983 Jun;323(2):149-54. [Article]
- Holmes A, Quirk GJ: Pharmacological facilitation of fear extinction and the search for adjunct treatments for anxiety disorders--the case of yohimbine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;31(1):2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Dec 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Partial agonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
- Gene Name
- HTR1D
- Uniprot ID
- P28221
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D
- Molecular Weight
- 41906.38 Da
References
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Holmes A, Quirk GJ: Pharmacological facilitation of fear extinction and the search for adjunct treatments for anxiety disorders--the case of yohimbine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;31(1):2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Dec 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Potassium channel regulator activity
- Specific Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
- Gene Name
- DRD2
- Uniprot ID
- P14416
- Uniprot Name
- D(2) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 50618.91 Da
References
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
- Gene Name
- DRD3
- Uniprot ID
- P35462
- Uniprot Name
- D(3) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 44224.335 Da
References
- Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Coge F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A: Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodop...
- Gene Name
- HTR2A
- Uniprot ID
- P28223
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
- Molecular Weight
- 52602.58 Da
References
- Baxter GS, Murphy OE, Blackburn TP: Further characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (putative 5-HT2B) in rat stomach fundus longitudinal muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 May;112(1):323-31. [Article]
- Kaumann AJ: Yohimbine and rauwolscine inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of large coronary arteries of calf through blockade of 5 HT2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1983 Jun;323(2):149-54. [Article]
- Holmes A, Quirk GJ: Pharmacological facilitation of fear extinction and the search for adjunct treatments for anxiety disorders--the case of yohimbine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;31(1):2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Dec 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-...
- Gene Name
- HTR2C
- Uniprot ID
- P28335
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
- Molecular Weight
- 51820.705 Da
References
- Baxter GS, Murphy OE, Blackburn TP: Further characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (putative 5-HT2B) in rat stomach fundus longitudinal muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 May;112(1):323-31. [Article]
- Kaumann AJ: Yohimbine and rauwolscine inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of large coronary arteries of calf through blockade of 5 HT2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1983 Jun;323(2):149-54. [Article]
- Holmes A, Quirk GJ: Pharmacological facilitation of fear extinction and the search for adjunct treatments for anxiety disorders--the case of yohimbine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;31(1):2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Dec 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
- Specific Function
- In the kidney, probably plays a major role in potassium homeostasis. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than...
Components:
References
- Plant TD, Henquin JC: Phentolamine and yohimbine inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channels in mouse pancreatic beta-cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1990 Sep;101(1):115-20. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation...
- Gene Name
- HTR2B
- Uniprot ID
- P41595
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
- Molecular Weight
- 54297.41 Da
References
- Baxter GS, Murphy OE, Blackburn TP: Further characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (putative 5-HT2B) in rat stomach fundus longitudinal muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 May;112(1):323-31. [Article]
- Bonhaus DW, Weinhardt KK, Taylor M, DeSouza A, McNeeley PM, Szczepanski K, Fontana DJ, Trinh J, Rocha CL, Dawson MW, Flippin LA, Eglen RM: RS-102221: a novel high affinity and selective, 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology. 1997 Apr-May;36(4-5):621-9. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Le Corre P, Parmer RJ, Kailasam MT, Kennedy BP, Skaar TP, Ho H, Leverge R, Smith DW, Ziegler MG, Insel PA, Schork NJ, Flockhart DA, O'connor DT: Human sympathetic activation by alpha2-adrenergic blockade with yohimbine: Bimodal, epistatic influence of cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Aug;76(2):139-53. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.04.010. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Le Corre P, Parmer RJ, Kailasam MT, Kennedy BP, Skaar TP, Ho H, Leverge R, Smith DW, Ziegler MG, Insel PA, Schork NJ, Flockhart DA, O'connor DT: Human sympathetic activation by alpha2-adrenergic blockade with yohimbine: Bimodal, epistatic influence of cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Aug;76(2):139-53. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.04.010. [Article]
Drug created at July 08, 2007 17:00 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55