Identification
- Summary
Chloral hydrate is a mild hypnotic used for experimental purposes that was previously used for the treatment of insomnia.
- Brand Names
- Nortec
- Generic Name
- Chloral hydrate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01563
- Background
A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments. It is no longer considered useful as an anti-anxiety medication.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Chloral hydrate (DB01563)
- Weight
- Average: 165.403
Monoisotopic: 163.919862461 - Chemical Formula
- C2H3Cl3O2
- Synonyms
- 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-dihydroxyethane
- 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-ethanediol
- 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol
- Chloral hydrate
- chloral monohydrate
- Chloralhydrat
- Trichloracetaldehyd-hydrat
- trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate
- External IDs
- NSC-3210
Pharmacology
- Indication
Mainly used as a hypnotic in the treatment of insomnia; however, it is only effective as a hypnotic for short-term use. May be used as a routine sedative preoperatively to decrease anxiety and cause sedation and/or sleep with respiration depression or cough reflex.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Symptomatic treatment of Alcohol withdrawal •••••••••••• Adjunct therapy in treatment of Post-operative pain •••••••••••• Symptomatic treatment of Barbiturate withdrawal •••••••••••• Symptomatic treatment of Opiate withdrawal •••••••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
- Not Available
- Absorption
Rapidly absorbed in the GI tract following oral or rectal administration. Chloral hydrate and its active metabolite, trichloroethanol, have been detected in CSF, umbilical cord blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Metabolized by the liver and erythrocytes to form trichloroethanol, an active metabolite. This reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase and other enzymes. Oxidation of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol to trichloroacetic acid in the liver and kidneys also occurs to a lesser extent. Trichloroethanol also undergoes glucuronidation to produce an inactive metabolism.
- Route of elimination
Trichloroethanol, trichloroethanol glucuronide, and trichloroacetic acid are excreted in the urine. Some trichloroethanol glucuronide may be secreted into bile and excreted in the feces.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Chloral hydrate is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Chloral hydrate which could result in a higher serum level. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Chloral hydrate which could result in a higher serum level. Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Chloral hydrate which could result in a higher serum level. Acenocoumarol The protein binding of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Chloral hydrate. - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may cause a disulfiram-like-reaction (flushing, dizziness, tachycardia).
- Take after a meal. If chloral hydrate is being used for sedation, it should be taken after meals. Otherwise, it can be taken with or without food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Aquachloral Supprettes (Amerifit Pharma)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Chloral Hydrate Capsules 500mg Capsule 500 mg / cap Oral D.C. Labs Limited 1968-12-31 2003-07-11 Canada 
Chloral Hydrate Syrup Odan Syrup 500 mg / 5 mL Oral Odan Laboratories Ltd 2003-08-06 Not applicable Canada Somnote Capsule 500 mg/1 Oral Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2001-01-01 2014-08-31 US 
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Apo-chloral Hydrate Syrup Syrup 100 mg / mL Oral Apotex Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada Novo-chlorhydrate Cap 500mg Capsule 500 mg / cap Oral Novopharm Limited 1967-12-31 2005-08-10 Canada PMS-chloral Hydrate Capsules 500mg Capsule 500 mg Oral Pharmascience Inc 1996-10-10 2020-07-20 Canada PMS-chloral Hydrate Syrup 100mg/ml Syrup 500 mg / 5 mL Oral Pharmascience Inc 1990-12-31 2021-10-20 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Analgesic Balm Chloral hydrate (1 g / 100 g) + Levomenthol (10 g / 100 g) + Methyl salicylate (15 g / 100 g) Ointment Topical D.C. Labs Limited 1966-12-31 2003-07-11 Canada Calmitol Itching Relief Ont Chloral hydrate (.496 %) + Camphor (.62 %) + Hyoscyamine (.0001 %) + Levomenthol (.58 %) + Zinc oxide (12.5 %) Ointment Topical Pfizer Canada Inc., Consumer Healthcare Division 1964-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Somnote Chloral hydrate (500 mg/1) Capsule Oral Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2001-01-01 2014-08-31 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N05CC01 — Chloral hydrate
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as chlorohydrins. These are alcohols substituted by a chlorine atom at a saturated carbon atom otherwise bearing only hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organohalogen compounds
- Class
- Halohydrins
- Sub Class
- Chlorohydrins
- Direct Parent
- Chlorohydrins
- Alternative Parents
- Carbonyl hydrates / Organochlorides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Alkyl chlorides
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alkyl chloride / Alkyl halide / Carbonyl hydrate / Chlorohydrin / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic oxygen compound / Organochloride / Organooxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- organochlorine compound, aldehyde hydrate, ethanediol (CHEBI:28142) / a small molecule (CPD0-1476)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 418M5916WG
- CAS number
- 302-17-0
- InChI Key
- RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7H
- IUPAC Name
- 2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol
- SMILES
- OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0060451
- KEGG Drug
- D00265
- KEGG Compound
- C06899
- PubChem Compound
- 2707
- PubChem Substance
- 46507155
- ChemSpider
- 2606
- 2344
- ChEBI
- 28142
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL455917
- ZINC
- ZINC000003872049
- PharmGKB
- PA448925
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Chloral_hydrate
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Administration Related Reaction / Chloral Hydrate Adverse Reaction / Failed Moderate Sedation During Procedure 1 4 Completed Treatment Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) 1 4 Completed Treatment Sedation 1 4 Recruiting Treatment Chloral Hydrate / Insomnia / Insomnia Chronic 1 3 Completed Diagnostic Children / Electroencephalogram / Epilepsy / Sedation 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Amerifit Inc.
- Bio Pharm Inc.
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- Dispensing Solutions
- G & W Labs
- G Pohl Boskamp GmbH and Co. KG
- International Laboratories Inc.
- Letco Medical Inc.
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Pharmaceutical Association
- Pharmascience Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Qualitest
- United Research Laboratories Inc.
- Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Ointment Topical Syrup Oral 100 mg / mL Capsule Oral 500 mg / cap Solution Oral 100 mg Capsule Oral 500 mg Syrup Oral 500 mg / 5 mL Syrup Oral 500 mg/5ml Capsule Oral 500 mg/1 - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Pms-Chloral Hydrate 100 mg/ml Syrup 0.05USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 57 °C PhysProp boiling point (°C) 98 °C PhysProp water solubility 7.93E+005 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003) logP 0.99 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 43.4 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.88 ALOGPS logP 0.69 Chemaxon logS -0.58 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 9.51 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -5.1 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 40.46 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 1 Chemaxon Refractivity 29.25 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 11.88 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9591 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9555 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5795 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8757 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9923 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9794 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9454 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7898 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7558 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7969 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8017 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9417 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.847 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9446 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9778 Ames test AMES toxic 0.6454 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.616 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.8453 Rat acute toxicity 2.5068 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9837 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9558
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (8.88 KB)
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-00kb-9800000000-173349d19f15699bc4e2 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0900000000-f6aa76a44c9ce6824f19 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0900000000-20dbd5a6bff2ac9e0a07 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0900000000-f9d77ca618403d77b5cf Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0900000000-1875640a85e2cae348ee Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00lr-7900000000-e3d9de235bca5cfe0fa4 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03dl-7900000000-5ab916d24cb123fe2af5 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 103.0593402 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 124.30949 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 103.9501402 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 126.84767 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 103.2764402 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 135.44743 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at July 31, 2007 13:10 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55