Identification
- Summary
Zinc is an essential element commonly used for the treatment of patients with documented zinc deficiency.
- Brand Names
- Vitafol-one
- Generic Name
- Zinc
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01593
- Background
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with anemia, short stature, hypogonadism, impaired wound healing, and geophagia. It is identified by the symbol Zn 16.
A newer study suggests implies that an imbalance of zinc is associated with the neuronal damage associated with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and seizures 6.
Understanding the mechanisms that control brain zinc homeostasis is, therefore, imperative to the development of preventive and treatment regimens for these and other neurological disorders 6.
In addition to the above, recent review articles have already demonstrated the important role of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of affective disorders, plus discussed the potential value of zinc as a marker of these diseases 15. Most recently, research has shown that polymorphism of the common polymorphism in zinc transporter SLC30A8/ZnT8 may increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes provided novel insights into the role of zinc in diabetes 2.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Zinc (DB01593)
- Weight
- Average: 65.409
Monoisotopic: 63.929146578 - Chemical Formula
- Zn
- Synonyms
- Zinc, chelated
- Zinc, elemental
- Zincum metallicum
- Zn
Pharmacology
- Indication
Zinc can be used for the treatment and prevention of zinc deficiency/its consequences, including stunted growth and acute diarrhea in children, and slowed wound healing. It is also utilized for boosting the immune system, treating the common cold and recurrent ear infections, as well as preventing lower respiratory tract infections 26.
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Candidiasis Combination Product in combination with: Petrolatum (DB11058), Miconazole (DB01110) •••••••••••• •••••••• Symptomatic treatment of Common cold ••• ••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Diaper dermatitis Combination Product in combination with: Miconazole (DB01110), Petrolatum (DB11058) •••••••••••• •••••••• Treatment of Diaper rash ••• ••• Treatment of Eye irritation ••• ••• •••••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Zinc is involved in various aspects of cellular metabolism. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of human proteins may bind zinc, in addition to hundreds of proteins that transport and traffic zinc. It is required for the catalytic activity of more than 200 enzymes, and it plays a role in immune function wound healing, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell division. Zinc is an essential element for a proper sense of taste and smell and supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. It is thought to have antioxidant properties, which may be protective against accelerated aging and helps to speed up the healing process after an injury; however, studies differ as to its effectiveness. Zinc ions are effective antimicrobial agents even if administered in low concentrations 30.
Studies on oral zinc for specific conditions shows the following evidence in various conditions 13:
Colds: Evidence suggests that if zinc lozenges or syrup are taken within 24 hours after cold symptoms start, the supplement may shorten the length of colds. The use intranasal zinc has been associated with the loss of the sense of smell, in some cases long-term or permanently 13.
Wound healing: Patients with skin ulcers and decreased levels of zinc may benefit from oral zinc supplements 13.
Diahrrea: Oral zinc supplements can reduce the symptoms of diarrhea in children with low levels of zinc, especially in cases of malnutrition 13.
- Mechanism of action
Zinc has three primary biological roles: catalytic, structural, and regulatory. The catalytic and structural role of zinc is well established, and there are various noteworthy reviews on these functions. For example, zinc is a structural constituent in numerous proteins, inclusive of growth factors, cytokines, receptors, enzymes, and transcription factors for different cellular signaling pathways. It is implicated in numerous cellular processes as a cofactor for approximately 3000 human proteins including enzymes, nuclear factors, and hormones 14.
Zinc promotes resistance to epithelial apoptosis through cell protection (cytoprotection) against reactive oxygen species and bacterial toxins, likely through the antioxidant activity of the cysteine-rich metallothioneins 5.
In HL-60 cells (promyelocytic leukemia cell line), zinc enhances the up-regulation of A20 mRNA, which, via TRAF pathway, decreases NF-kappaB activation, leading to decreased gene expression and generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, and IL-8 4.
There are several mechanisms of action of zinc on acute diarrhea. Various mechanisms are specific to the gastrointestinal system: zinc restores mucosal barrier integrity and enterocyte brush-border enzyme activity, it promotes the production of antibodies and circulating lymphocytes against intestinal pathogens, and has a direct effect on ion channels, acting as a potassium channel blocker of adenosine 3-5-cyclic monophosphate-mediated chlorine secretion. Cochrane researchers examined the evidence available up to 30 September 2016 24.
Zinc deficiency in humans decreases the activity of serum thymulin (a hormone of the thymus), which is necessary for the maturation of T-helper cells. T-helper 1 (Th(1)) cytokines are decreased but T-helper 2 (Th(2)) cytokines are not affected by zinc deficiency in humans 3.
The change of Th(1) to Th(2) function leads to cell-mediated immune dysfunction. Because IL-2 production (Th(1) cytokine) is decreased, this causes decreased activity of natural-killer-cell (NK cell) and T cytolytic cells, normally involved in killing viruses, bacteria, and malignant cells 9.
In humans, zinc deficiency may lead to the generation of new CD4+ T cells, produced in the thymus. In cell culture studies (HUT-78, a Th(0) human malignant lymphoblastoid cell line), as a result of zinc deficiency, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, phosphorylation of IkappaB, and binding of NF-kappaB to DNA are decreased and this results in decreased Th(1) cytokine production 3.
In another study, zinc supplementation in human subjects suppressed the gene expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative stress markers 9. In HL-60 cells (a human pro-myelocytic leukemia cell line), zinc deficiency increased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 cytokines and mRNA. In such cells, zinc was found to induce A20, a zinc finger protein that inhibited NF-kappaB activation by the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor pathway. This process decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers 3.
The exact mechanism of zinc in acne treatment is poorly understood. However, zinc is considered to act directly on microbial inflammatory equilibrium and facilitate antibiotic absorption when used in combination with other agents. Topical zinc alone as well as in combination with other agents may be efficacious because of its anti-inflammatory activity and ability to reduce P. acnes bacteria by the inhibition of P. acnes lipases and free fatty acid levels 21.
- Absorption
Zinc is absorbed in the small intestine by a carrier-mediated mechanism 10. Under regular physiologic conditions, transport processes of uptake do not saturate. The exact amount of zinc absorbed is difficult to determine because zinc is secreted into the gut. Zinc administered in aqueous solutions to fasting subjects is absorbed quite efficiently (at a rate of 60-70%), however, absorption from solid diets is less efficient and varies greatly, dependent on zinc content and diet composition 10.
Generally, 33% is considered to be the average zinc absorption in humans 10. More recent studies have determined different absorption rates for various populations based on their type of diet and phytate to zinc molar ratio. Zinc absorption is concentration dependent and increases linearly with dietary zinc up to a maximum rate 10.
Additionally zinc status may influence zinc absorption. Zinc-deprived humans absorb this element with increased efficiency, whereas humans on a high-zinc diet show a reduced efficiency of absorption 10.
- Volume of distribution
A pharmacokinetic study was done in rats to determine the distribution and other metabolic indexes of zinc in two particle sizes. It was found that zinc particles were mainly distributed to organs including the liver, lung, and kidney within 72 hours without any significant difference being found according to particle size or rat gender 7.
- Protein binding
Approximately 60-70% of the zinc in circulation is bound to albumin. Any condition that alters serum albumin concentration may have a secondary effect on serum zinc levels 10,30.
- Metabolism
Zinc is released from food as free ions during its digestion. These freed ions may then combine with endogenously secreted ligands before their transport into the enterocytes in the duodenum and jejunum. 10. Selected transport proteins may facilitate the passage of zinc across the cell membrane into the hepatic circulation. With high intake, zinc may also be absorbed through a passive paracellular route 10.
The portal system carries absorbed zinc directly into the hepatic circulation, and then it is released into systemic circulation for delivery to various tissues. Although, serum zinc represents only 0.1% of the whole body zinc, the circulating zinc turns over rapidly to meet tissue needs 10.
- Route of elimination
The excretion of zinc through gastrointestinal tract accounts for approximately one-half of all zinc eliminated from the body 10.
Considerable amounts of zinc are secreted through both biliary and intestinal secretions, however most is reabsorbed. This is an important process in the regulation of zinc balance. Other routes of zinc excretion include both urine and surface losses (sloughed skin, hair, sweat) 10.
Zinc has been shown to induce intestinal metallothionein, which combines zinc and copper in the intestine and prevents their serosal surface transfer. Intestinal cells are sloughed with approximately a 6-day turnover, and the metallothionein-bound copper and zinc are lost in the stool and are thus not absorbed 22.
Measurements in humans of endogenous intestinal zinc have primarily been made as fecal excretion; this suggests that the amounts excreted are responsive to zinc intake, absorbed zinc and physiologic need 10.
In one study, elimination kinetics in rats showed that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles was excreted via the urine, however, most of the nanoparticles were excreted via the feces 19.
- Half-life
The half-life of zinc in humans is approximately 280 days 27.
- Clearance
In one study of healthy patients, the clearance of zinc was found to be 0.63 ± 0.39 μg/min 20.
- Adverse Effects
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According to the Toxnet database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the oral LD50 for zinc is close to 3 g/kg body weight, more than 10-fold higher than cadmium and 50-fold higher than mercury 18.
The LD50 values of several zinc compounds (ranging from 186 to 623 mg zinc/kg/day) have been measured in rats and mice 17.
- Pathways
Pathway Category Pterine Biosynthesis Metabolic beta-Alanine Metabolism Metabolic Vitamin B6 Metabolism Metabolic Methionine Metabolism Metabolic Aspartate Metabolism Metabolic Retinol Metabolism Metabolic Piroxicam Action Pathway Drug action Rofecoxib Action Pathway Drug action Diclofenac Action Pathway Drug action Sulindac Action Pathway Drug action Nabumetone Action Pathway Drug action Valdecoxib Action Pathway Drug action 2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form) Disease Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency Disease Benazepril Action Pathway Drug action Quinapril Action Pathway Drug action Ramipril Action Pathway Drug action Rescinnamine Action Pathway Drug action Eprosartan Action Pathway Drug action Irbesartan Action Pathway Drug action Losartan Action Pathway Drug action Valsartan Action Pathway Drug action AICA-Ribosiduria Disease Alkaptonuria Disease beta-Ureidopropionase Deficiency Disease Canavan Disease Disease Dihydropyrimidinase Deficiency Disease Galactosemia Disease gamma-Glutamyltransferase Deficiency Disease Hawkinsinuria Disease - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareCarbamazepine Zinc can cause a decrease in the absorption of Carbamazepine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Ceftibuten Zinc can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ceftibuten resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Cephalexin Zinc can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cephalexin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Cinoxacin Zinc can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cinoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Ciprofloxacin Zinc can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ciprofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. - Food Interactions
- Avoid milk and dairy products. Separate the use of zinc from these products by at least 2 hours before administration. Separate for 2 hours after administration if these products also contain phosphorus.
- Do not take with bran and high fiber foods. For optimal absorption, take zinc at least 2 hours before or after eating high-fiber foods.
- Take on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hour before and 2 hours after eating for optimal absorption. Zinc can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Zinc oxide unknown SOI2LOH54Z 1314-13-2 XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc cation ionic 13S1S8SF37 23713-49-7 PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Product Images
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Wilzin Capsule 50 mg Oral Recordati Rare Diseases 2020-12-21 Not applicable EU 
Wilzin Capsule 25 mg Oral Recordati Rare Diseases 2020-12-21 Not applicable EU - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Acti-ZN 25 Caplet Tablet 25.0 mg / tab Oral Acti Form Ltd. 1991-12-31 2005-03-21 Canada 
Chelated Zinc Hvp Chelate 50mg - Tab Tablet 50 mg / tab Oral International Nutrition Ltd. 1996-07-26 2001-08-17 Canada Chelated Zinc Tab 10mg Tablet 10 mg Oral Jamieson Laboratories Ltd 1975-12-31 2006-07-25 Canada Chelated Zinc Tab 25mg Tablet 25 mg / tab Oral Pharmavite 1991-12-31 1998-09-08 Canada Chelated Zinc Tablets Tablet 15 mg Oral Albion 1996-09-06 2002-09-30 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 24 Multivitamins + Minerals Zinc (10 mg) + Ascorbic acid (150 mg) + Beta carotene (10000 unit) + Biotin (25 mcg) + Calcium (130 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Choline bitartrate (25 mg) + Chromium (20 mcg) + Copper (1 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Ferrous fumarate (15 mg) + Folic acid (.8 mg) + Inositol (25 mg) + Magnesium (65 mg) + Manganese (2 mg) + Molybdenum (20 mcg) + Niacin (25 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (25 mg) + Potassium (15 mg) + Potassium Iodide (.1 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Racemethionine (25 mg) + Riboflavin (25 mg) + Selenium (20 mcg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Vanadium (20 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (5000 unit) + Vitamin E (50 unit) Tablet Oral Stanley Pharmaceuticals, A Division Of Vita Health Products Inc. 1997-04-30 2002-07-31 Canada 50 Plus Multiple Vitamins & Minerals Zinc (15 mg) + Ascorbic acid (90 mg) + Biotin (45 mcg) + Calcium (200 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Chromium (10 mcg) + Copper (2 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Folic acid (0.4 mg) + Magnesium (100 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Molybdenum (25 mcg) + Nicotinamide (40 mg) + Pantothenic acid (10 mg) + Potassium Iodide (0.15 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg) + Riboflavin (3.2 mg) + Selenium (25 mcg) + Thiamine mononitrate (2.25 mg) + Vanadium (10 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (6000 unit) Tablet Oral Gfr Pharma Ltd. 2002-10-20 2004-06-15 Canada A + Zinc Zinc (15 mg) + Vitamin A (10000 unit) Tablet Oral Nutrilite, A Division Of Access Business Group, Llc 2000-09-01 2007-07-06 Canada A.B.C. Formula #1 Zinc (4 mg / tab) + Beta carotene (1000 unit / tab) Tablet Oral Vallee Import/Export 1997-01-01 1999-06-28 Canada A.R.T.H. Away Formula Zinc (0.63 mg) + Calcium (24 mg) + Cholecalciferol (45 unit) + Copper (0.232 mg) + Folic acid (0.025 mg) + Manganese (0.58 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.5 mg) + Selenium (1.54 mcg) Capsule Oral Abundance Naturally Ltd 1999-02-01 2006-06-16 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BabyO2 Zinc (6 mg/240mL) + Hypochlorous acid (65.8 mg/240mL) + Silver (48 mg/240mL) Liquid Topical Oxigenesis, Inc. 2020-09-20 Not applicable US 
Cavan-EC SOD DHA Zinc (26 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (130 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (410 [iU]/1) + Copper (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (440 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (28 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (30 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 mg/1) Kit Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-01-10 2014-07-15 US Chromagen Zinc (12 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (10 ug/1) + Ferrous asparto glycinate (25 mg/1) + Ferrous fumarate (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (250 ug/1) + Gastric intrinsic factor (100 mg/1) + Levomefolic acid (750 ug/1) Capsule Oral Avion Pharmaceuticals, Llc 2017-01-10 Not applicable US CitraNatal Assure Zinc (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Copper (2 mg/1) + Doconexent (300 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (0.75 mg/1) + Iodine (150 ug/1) + Iron (35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) Kit Oral Mission Pharmacal 2008-11-19 Not applicable US CitraNatal Assure Zinc (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (124 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Copper (2 mg/1) + Doconexent (300 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (0.75 mg/1) + Iodine (150 ug/1) + Iron (35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) Capsule; Kit; Tablet, coated Oral Mission Pharmacal Company 2014-04-30 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C05AX04 — Zinc preparations
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous metal compounds
- Class
- Homogeneous transition metal compounds
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Homogeneous transition metal compounds
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Homogeneous transition metal
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- elemental zinc (CHEBI:30185)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- J41CSQ7QDS
- CAS number
- 7440-66-6
- InChI Key
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Zn
- IUPAC Name
- zinc
- SMILES
- [Zn]
References
- Synthesis Reference
Robert Nicaise, "Production of zinc powder for electrochemical batteries." U.S. Patent US4104188, issued 1877.
US4104188- General References
- Berni Canani R, Buccigrossi V, Passariello A: Mechanisms of action of zinc in acute diarrhea. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;27(1):8-12. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833fd48a. [Article]
- Fukunaka A, Fujitani Y: Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 6;19(2). pii: ijms19020476. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020476. [Article]
- Prasad AS: Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol Med. 2008 May-Jun;14(5-6):353-7. doi: 10.2119/2008-00033.Prasad. [Article]
- Dardenne M: Zinc and immune function. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Aug;56 Suppl 3:S20-3. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601479. [Article]
- Lansdown AB, Mirastschijski U, Stubbs N, Scanlon E, Agren MS: Zinc in wound healing: theoretical, experimental, and clinical aspects. Wound Repair Regen. 2007 Jan-Feb;15(1):2-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2006.00179.x. [Article]
- Prakash A, Bharti K, Majeed AB: Zinc: indications in brain disorders. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Apr;29(2):131-49. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12110. Epub 2015 Mar 12. [Article]
- Baek M, Chung HE, Yu J, Lee JA, Kim TH, Oh JM, Lee WJ, Paek SM, Lee JK, Jeong J, Choy JH, Choi SJ: Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:3081-97. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S32593. Epub 2012 Jun 26. [Article]
- McCall KA, Huang C, Fierke CA: Function and mechanism of zinc metalloenzymes. J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5S Suppl):1437S-46S. [Article]
- Prasad AS: Zinc: mechanisms of host defense. J Nutr. 2007 May;137(5):1345-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/137.5.1345. [Article]
- Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review [Link]
- The Essential Toxin: Impact of Zinc on Human Health [Link]
- Dietary factors affecting Zinc bioavailability [Link]
- Zinc [Link]
- Zinc Transporters, Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Utility: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [Link]
- Zinc, future mono/adjunctive therapy for depression: Mechanisms of antidepressant action [Link]
- MeSH Zinc [Link]
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Toxicological Profile for Zinc [Link]
- ZINC COMPOUNDS - National Library of Medicine HSDB ... - Toxnet - NIH [Link]
- Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles [Link]
- Net renal tubular reabsorption of zinc in healthy man and impaired handling in sickle cell anemia [Link]
- Zinc Therapy in Dermatology: A review [Link]
- Treatment of Wilson’s Disease with Zinc. I. Oral Zinc Therapy Regimens [Link]
- Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Link]
- Zinc Supplementation in treating diarrhea in children [Link]
- Zinc homeostasis in humans [Link]
- ZINC: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD [Link]
- Zinc Toxicity in Humans [Link]
- Chapter 16. Zinc [Link]
- Zinc metabolism [Link]
- Copper and Zinc, Biological Role and Significance of Copper/Zinc Imbalance [Link]
- The emerging role of zinc transporters [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015532
- KEGG Compound
- C00038
- PubChem Compound
- 23994
- PubChem Substance
- 46506903
- ChemSpider
- 22430
- BindingDB
- 50259154
- 11416
- ChEBI
- 30185
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1201279
- PharmGKB
- PA451956
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Zinc
- MSDS
- Download (49.8 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Basic Science Premature Births 1 4 Completed Prevention Diarrhea / Pneumonia / Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 1 4 Completed Prevention Mucositis 1 4 Completed Screening Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Treatment Acne Vulgaris 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- AG Marin Pharmaceuticals
- Alaven Pharmaceutical
- American Regent
- Amneal Pharmaceuticals
- Arbor Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
- Atley Pharmaceuticals
- Auriga Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Bio Pharm Inc.
- Bradley Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
- Cardinal Health
- Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
- Centurion Labs
- Chemins Co. Inc.
- Confab Laboratories Inc.
- Contract Pharm
- Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Equipharm Inc.
- Ethex Corp.
- Everett Laboratories Inc.
- Fielding Pharmaceutical Co.
- Gate Pharmaceuticals
- Gil Pharmaceutical Corp.
- Gorbec Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- H and H Laboratories
- Hawkeye Jensen Inc.
- Heel Inc.
- Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
- Hillestad Pharmaceuticals Usa Inc.
- Hospira Inc.
- Hyrex Pharmaceuticals
- JLM Pharmatech
- Key Co.
- Kowa Pharmaceuticals America Inc.
- KV Pharmaceutical Co.
- Laser Pharmaceuticals
- Llorens Pharmaceutical
- Loma Lux Laboratories
- Luar Laboratories
- Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Marlop Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Marnel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Medecor Pharma LLC
- Midlothian Labs
- Mission Pharmacal
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Nexgen Pharma Inc.
- Novavax Inc.
- Novis PR Inc.
- Paddock Labs
- Pascal Co. Inc.
- PCA LLC
- Pecos Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Perrigo Co.
- Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
- Pharmedix
- Pharmelle LLC
- Pharmics Inc.
- Phoenix Labs Rising LLC
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Prepackage Specialists
- Provident Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Puretek Corp.
- Qualitest
- Remedy Repack
- Rising Pharmaceuticals
- River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
- Sagmel Inc.
- Seneca Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Seyer Pharmatec Inc.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Upsher Smith Laboratories
- US Pharmaceutical Corp.
- V Sab Medical Labs Inc.
- Warner Chilcott Co. Inc.
- Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
- Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 25.0 mg / tab Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Liquid Topical Granule, effervescent Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet Oral 50 mg / tab Tablet Oral 10 mg Tablet Oral 25 mg / tab Tablet Oral 15 mg Capsule; kit; tablet, coated Oral Kit Oral Capsule Oral 15 mg/1 Tablet Capsule Syrup Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Syrup Oral Lozenge Oral Tablet, delayed release Oral Tablet Oral 30 mg Liquid Oral Solution Intravenous Liquid Intravenous Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tablet Oral Injection, emulsion Intravenous Emulsion Intravenous Tablet Oral 25.0 mg Solution Oral 200 mg Solution Oral Tablet Oral 15 mg / tab Tablet Oral 30 mg / tab Pill Oral Cream Topical Tablet Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Tablet, effervescent Oral Capsule Oral Lipstick Topical Tablet, coated Oral Tablet Oral 20 mg Tablet, extended release Oral Powder, for solution Oral Capsule, coated Oral Capsule, liquid filled; kit Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Powder Oral Capsule Oral 25 MG Capsule Oral 50 MG Tablet Oral 50 mg/1 Capsule Oral 30 mg Tablet Oral 50 mg Tablet Oral 25 mg Syrup Oral 15 mg/5ml Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Solution Parenteral 30.000 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 419 MSDS boiling point (°C) 907 MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP 0.16 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 0 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 1.78 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9838 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9733 Caco-2 permeable + 0.7354 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.881 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9787 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9858 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.911 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8466 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8259 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.8158 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8584 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9241 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9638 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9452 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9834 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.882 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9633 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.6621 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.7326 Rat acute toxicity 2.0135 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9547 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9746
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Peptide binding
- Specific Function
- This is a receptor for bradykinin. Could be a factor in chronic pain and inflammation.
- Gene Name
- BDKRB1
- Uniprot ID
- P46663
- Uniprot Name
- B1 bradykinin receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 40494.29 Da
References
- Ignjatovic T, Tan F, Brovkovych V, Skidgel RA, Erdos EG: Novel mode of action of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors: direct activation of bradykinin B1 receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):16847-52. Epub 2002 Mar 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Methyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) in DNA. Repairs alkylated guanine in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the alkyl group at the O-6 p...
- Gene Name
- MGMT
- Uniprot ID
- P16455
- Uniprot Name
- Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 21645.83 Da
References
- Rasimas JJ, Kanugula S, Dalessio PM, Ropson IJ, Fried MG, Pegg AE: Effects of zinc occupancy on human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. Biochemistry. 2003 Feb 4;42(4):980-90. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Tubulin binding
- Specific Function
- Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity).
- Gene Name
- ALDOA
- Uniprot ID
- P04075
- Uniprot Name
- Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
- Molecular Weight
- 39419.675 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Trna binding
- Specific Function
- This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. With PARP1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T helper 1 (Th1) cell-sp...
- Gene Name
- EEF1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P68104
- Uniprot Name
- Elongation factor 1-alpha 1
- Molecular Weight
- 50140.565 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transcription factor activity, sequence-specific dna binding
- Specific Function
- Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravas...
- Gene Name
- ENO1
- Uniprot ID
- P06733
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-enolase
- Molecular Weight
- 47168.555 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function
- May play an important role in regulating the switch between different pathways for energy production during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon. Required for sperm motility and male fertility (B...
- Gene Name
- GAPDHS
- Uniprot ID
- O14556
- Uniprot Name
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific
- Molecular Weight
- 44500.835 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ribosomal small subunit binding
- Specific Function
- Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-sit...
- Gene Name
- NME1
- Uniprot ID
- P15531
- Uniprot Name
- Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A
- Molecular Weight
- 17148.635 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attach...
- Gene Name
- P4HB
- Uniprot ID
- P07237
- Uniprot Name
- Protein disulfide-isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 57115.795 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
- Gene Name
- PDIA3
- Uniprot ID
- P30101
- Uniprot Name
- Protein disulfide-isomerase A3
- Molecular Weight
- 56781.84 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thioredoxin peroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system but not from glutaredoxin. May play an important role in eliminating pe...
- Gene Name
- PRDX1
- Uniprot ID
- Q06830
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxiredoxin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 22110.19 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of serine from carbohydrates. The reaction mechanism proceeds via the formation of a phosphoryl-enzyme intermediates.
- Gene Name
- PSPH
- Uniprot ID
- P78330
- Uniprot Name
- Phosphoserine phosphatase
- Molecular Weight
- 25007.49 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- TPI1
- Uniprot ID
- P60174
- Uniprot Name
- Triosephosphate isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 30790.785 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Translation elongation factor activity
- Specific Function
- This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
- Gene Name
- TUFM
- Uniprot ID
- P49411
- Uniprot Name
- Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 49541.145 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissu...
- Gene Name
- ESR1
- Uniprot ID
- P03372
- Uniprot Name
- Estrogen receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 66215.45 Da
References
- Payne JC, Rous BW, Tenderholt AL, Godwin HA: Spectroscopic determination of the binding affinity of zinc to the DNA-binding domains of nuclear hormone receptors. Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 9;42(48):14214-24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Interleukin-3 receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blo...
- Gene Name
- IL3
- Uniprot ID
- P08700
- Uniprot Name
- Interleukin-3
- Molecular Weight
- 17232.905 Da
References
- Smit V, van Veelen PA, Tjaden UR, van der Greef J, Haaijman JJ: Human interleukin-3 contains a discontinuous zinc binding domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Sep 16;187(2):859-66. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.
- Gene Name
- MT2A
- Uniprot ID
- P02795
- Uniprot Name
- Metallothionein-2
- Molecular Weight
- 6042.05 Da
References
- Palumaa P, Tammiste I, Kruusel K, Kangur L, Jornvall H, Sillard R: Metal binding of metallothionein-3 versus metallothionein-2: lower affinity and higher plasticity. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Mar 14;1747(2):205-11. Epub 2004 Dec 19. [Article]
- Yang F, Zhou M, He Z, Liu X, Sun L, Sun Y, Chen Z: High-yield expression in Escherichia coli of soluble human MT2A with native functions. Protein Expr Purif. 2007 May;53(1):186-94. Epub 2006 Dec 15. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Delivers copper to copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1).
- Gene Name
- CCS
- Uniprot ID
- O14618
- Uniprot Name
- Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase
- Molecular Weight
- 29040.445 Da
References
- Stasser JP, Eisses JF, Barry AN, Kaplan JH, Blackburn NJ: Cysteine-to-serine mutants of the human copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase reveal a copper cluster at a domain III dimer interface. Biochemistry. 2005 Mar 8;44(9):3143-52. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Transcription regulatory region sequence-specific dna binding
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an impo...
- Gene Name
- HDAC1
- Uniprot ID
- Q13547
- Uniprot Name
- Histone deacetylase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 55102.615 Da
References
- Bhuiyan MP, Kato T, Okauchi T, Nishino N, Maeda S, Nishino TG, Yoshida M: Chlamydocin analogs bearing carbonyl group as possible ligand toward zinc atom in histone deacetylases. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 May 15;14(10):3438-46. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an impo...
- Gene Name
- HDAC4
- Uniprot ID
- P56524
- Uniprot Name
- Histone deacetylase 4
- Molecular Weight
- 119038.875 Da
References
- Bhuiyan MP, Kato T, Okauchi T, Nishino N, Maeda S, Nishino TG, Yoshida M: Chlamydocin analogs bearing carbonyl group as possible ligand toward zinc atom in histone deacetylases. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 May 15;14(10):3438-46. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3-methyladenine, and 7-methylguanine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions.
- Specific Function
- Alkylbase dna n-glycosylase activity
- Gene Name
- MPG
- Uniprot ID
- P29372
- Uniprot Name
- DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase
- Molecular Weight
- 32868.365 Da
References
- Massiah MA, Simmons BN, Short KM, Cox TC: Solution structure of the RBCC/TRIM B-box1 domain of human MID1: B-box with a RING. J Mol Biol. 2006 Apr 28;358(2):532-45. Epub 2006 Feb 20. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Predominant protein in semen. It participates in the formation of a gel matrix entrapping the accessory gland secretions and ejaculated spermatozoa. Fragments of semenogelin and/or fragments of the...
- Gene Name
- SEMG1
- Uniprot ID
- P04279
- Uniprot Name
- Semenogelin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 52130.885 Da
References
- Jonsson M, Lundwall A, Linse S, Frohm B, Malm J: Truncated semenogelin I binds zinc and is cleaved by prostate-specific antigen. J Androl. 2006 Jul-Aug;27(4):542-7. Epub 2006 Apr 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
- Gene Name
- SOD1
- Uniprot ID
- P00441
- Uniprot Name
- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
- Molecular Weight
- 15935.685 Da
References
- Krishnan U, Son M, Rajendran B, Elliott JL: Novel mutations that enhance or repress the aggregation potential of SOD1. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jul;287(1-2):201-11. Epub 2006 Apr 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Transcription factor binding
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an impo...
- Gene Name
- HDAC8
- Uniprot ID
- Q9BY41
- Uniprot Name
- Histone deacetylase 8
- Molecular Weight
- 41757.29 Da
References
- Gantt SL, Gattis SG, Fierke CA: Catalytic activity and inhibition of human histone deacetylase 8 is dependent on the identity of the active site metal ion. Biochemistry. 2006 May 16;45(19):6170-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Induces CD27-mediated apoptosis. Inhibits BCL2L1 isoform Bcl-x(L) anti-apoptotic activity. Inhibits activation of NF-kappa-B and promotes T-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis.
- Gene Name
- SIVA1
- Uniprot ID
- O15304
- Uniprot Name
- Apoptosis regulatory protein Siva
- Molecular Weight
- 18694.45 Da
References
- Nestler M, Martin U, Hortschansky P, Saluz HP, Henke A, Munder T: The zinc containing pro-apoptotic protein siva interacts with the peroxisomal membrane protein pmp22. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jul;287(1-2):147-55. Epub 2006 May 9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P23415
- Uniprot Name
- Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Chen Z, Dillon GH, Huang R: Identification of residues critical for Cu2+-mediated inhibition of glycine alpha1 receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Sep;51(4):701-8. Epub 2006 Jul 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of p53/TP53, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Inhibits p53/TP53- and p73/TP73-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by bindi...
- Gene Name
- MDM2
- Uniprot ID
- Q00987
- Uniprot Name
- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2
- Molecular Weight
- 55232.39 Da
References
- Kostic M, Matt T, Martinez-Yamout MA, Dyson HJ, Wright PE: Solution structure of the Hdm2 C2H2C4 RING, a domain critical for ubiquitination of p53. J Mol Biol. 2006 Oct 20;363(2):433-50. Epub 2006 Aug 14. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protease binding
- Specific Function
- Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen s...
- Gene Name
- INS
- Uniprot ID
- P01308
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin
- Molecular Weight
- 11980.795 Da
References
- Huus K, Havelund S, Olsen HB, van de Weert M, Frokjaer S: Chemical and thermal stability of insulin: effects of zinc and ligand binding to the insulin zinc-hexamer. Pharm Res. 2006 Nov;23(11):2611-20. Epub 2006 Sep 13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
- Gene Name
- UTRN
- Uniprot ID
- P46939
- Uniprot Name
- Utrophin
- Molecular Weight
- 394463.09 Da
References
- Hnia K, Zouiten D, Cantel S, Chazalette D, Hugon G, Fehrentz JA, Masmoudi A, Diment A, Bramham J, Mornet D, Winder SJ: ZZ domain of dystrophin and utrophin: topology and mapping of a beta-dystroglycan interaction site. Biochem J. 2007 Feb 1;401(3):667-77. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) to produce acetate and L-aspartate. NAA occurs in high concentration in brain and its hydrolysis NAA plays a significant part in the maint...
- Gene Name
- ASPA
- Uniprot ID
- P45381
- Uniprot Name
- Aspartoacylase
- Molecular Weight
- 35734.79 Da
References
- Herga S, Berrin JG, Perrier J, Puigserver A, Giardina T: Identification of the zinc binding ligands and the catalytic residue in human aspartoacylase, an enzyme involved in Canavan disease. FEBS Lett. 2006 Oct 30;580(25):5899-904. Epub 2006 Oct 2. [Article]
- Bitto E, Bingman CA, Wesenberg GE, McCoy JG, Phillips GN Jr: Structure of aspartoacylase, the brain enzyme impaired in Canavan disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 9;104(2):456-61. Epub 2006 Dec 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex directs selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH and probably multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-nitrosylation site selectivity.
- Specific Function
- Arachidonic acid binding
- Gene Name
- S100A8
- Uniprot ID
- P05109
- Uniprot Name
- Protein S100-A8
- Molecular Weight
- 10834.43 Da
References
- Vogl T, Leukert N, Barczyk K, Strupat K, Roth J: Biophysical characterization of S100A8 and S100A9 in the absence and presence of bivalent cations. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Nov;1763(11):1298-306. Epub 2006 Aug 25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. Has transnitrosylase activity; in oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox))-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' proposed to transfer the NO moiety from NOS2/iNOS to GAPDH via its own S-nitrosylated Cys-3. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to also direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif.
- Specific Function
- Antioxidant activity
- Gene Name
- S100A9
- Uniprot ID
- P06702
- Uniprot Name
- Protein S100-A9
- Molecular Weight
- 13241.955 Da
References
- Vogl T, Leukert N, Barczyk K, Strupat K, Roth J: Biophysical characterization of S100A8 and S100A9 in the absence and presence of bivalent cations. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Nov;1763(11):1298-306. Epub 2006 Aug 25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- May play an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration. Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves KiSS1 at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Cleaves...
- Gene Name
- MMP9
- Uniprot ID
- P14780
- Uniprot Name
- Matrix metalloproteinase-9
- Molecular Weight
- 78457.51 Da
References
- Martens E, Leyssen A, Van Aelst I, Fiten P, Piccard H, Hu J, Descamps FJ, Van den Steen PE, Proost P, Van Damme J, Liuzzi GM, Riccio P, Polverini E, Opdenakker G: A monoclonal antibody inhibits gelatinase B/MMP-9 by selective binding to part of the catalytic domain and not to the fibronectin or zinc binding domains. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Feb;1770(2):178-86. Epub 2006 Oct 26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Participates in the apoptotic response to DNA damage. Isoforms containing the transactivation domain are pro-apoptotic, isoforms lacking the domain are anti-apoptotic and block the function of p53 and transactivating p73 isoforms. May be a tumor suppressor protein.
- Specific Function
- Chromatin binding
- Gene Name
- TP73
- Uniprot ID
- O15350
- Uniprot Name
- Tumor protein p73
- Molecular Weight
- 69622.865 Da
References
- Lokshin M, Li Y, Gaiddon C, Prives C: p53 and p73 display common and distinct requirements for sequence specific binding to DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(1):340-52. Epub 2006 Dec 14. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function
- May function as calcium sensor and modulator, contributing to cellular calcium signaling. May function by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and indirectly play a rol...
- Gene Name
- S100A2
- Uniprot ID
- P29034
- Uniprot Name
- Protein S100-A2
- Molecular Weight
- 11116.695 Da
References
- Koch M, Bhattacharya S, Kehl T, Gimona M, Vasak M, Chazin W, Heizmann CW, Kroneck PM, Fritz G: Implications on zinc binding to S100A2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Mar;1773(3):457-70. Epub 2006 Dec 19. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- TP53
- Uniprot ID
- P04637
- Uniprot Name
- Cellular tumor antigen p53
- Molecular Weight
- 43652.79 Da
References
- Wang Y, Rosengarth A, Luecke H: Structure of the human p53 core domain in the absence of DNA. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2007 Mar;63(Pt 3):276-81. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro.
- Gene Name
- MT3
- Uniprot ID
- P25713
- Uniprot Name
- Metallothionein-3
- Molecular Weight
- 6926.855 Da
References
- Meloni G, Faller P, Vasak M: Redox silencing of copper in metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders: reaction of Zn7metallothionein-3 with Cu2+ ions. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 1;282(22):16068-78. Epub 2007 Mar 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein dimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Calcium-binding protein required for T-cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced cell death. May mediate Ca(2+)-regulated signals along the death pathway (By similarity). Calcium-dependent a...
- Gene Name
- PDCD6
- Uniprot ID
- O75340
- Uniprot Name
- Programmed cell death protein 6
- Molecular Weight
- 21868.32 Da
References
- Suzuki H, Kawasaki M, Kakiuchi T, Shibata H, Wakatsuki S, Maki M: Crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of N-terminally truncated human ALG-2. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2008 Nov 1;64(Pt 11):974-7. doi: 10.1107/S1744309108030297. Epub 2008 Oct 31. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Morphogen activity
- Specific Function
- Seems to play a role in the correct specification of the left-right axis. May antagonize NODAL and BMP4 signaling. Cystine knot-containing proteins play important roles during development, organoge...
- Gene Name
- DAND5
- Uniprot ID
- Q8N907
- Uniprot Name
- DAN domain family member 5
- Molecular Weight
- 20179.56 Da
References
- Kothinti R, Blodgett A, Tabatabai NM, Petering DH: Zinc finger transcription factor Zn3-Sp1 reactions with Cd2+. Chem Res Toxicol. 2010 Feb 15;23(2):405-12. doi: 10.1021/tx900370u. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.
- Gene Name
- MT1A
- Uniprot ID
- P04731
- Uniprot Name
- Metallothionein-1A
- Molecular Weight
- 6120.19 Da
References
- Sutherland DE, Willans MJ, Stillman MJ: Single domain metallothioneins: supermetalation of human MT 1a. J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Feb 15;134(6):3290-9. doi: 10.1021/ja211767m. Epub 2012 Feb 6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- A1BG
- Uniprot ID
- P04217
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1B-glycoprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 54253.0 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Tumor necrosis factor binding
- Specific Function
- Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for differen...
- Gene Name
- A2M
- Uniprot ID
- P01023
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2-macroglobulin
- Molecular Weight
- 163289.945 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Type 2 angiotensin receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.Angiotensin-2: acts directly on vascular smooth muscle as a p...
- Gene Name
- AGT
- Uniprot ID
- P01019
- Uniprot Name
- Angiotensinogen
- Molecular Weight
- 53153.73 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Promotes endocytosis, possesses opsonic properties and influences the mineral phase of bone. Shows affinity for calcium and barium ions.
- Specific Function
- Cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- AHSG
- Uniprot ID
- P02765
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 39324.35 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Virion binding
- Specific Function
- Can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. May also function as a calcium-dependent lectin.
- Gene Name
- APCS
- Uniprot ID
- P02743
- Uniprot Name
- Serum amyloid P-component
- Molecular Weight
- 25386.92 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phospholipid transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol ac...
- Gene Name
- APOA1
- Uniprot ID
- P02647
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Molecular Weight
- 30777.58 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- May stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism.
- Gene Name
- APOA2
- Uniprot ID
- P02652
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein A-II
- Molecular Weight
- 11174.925 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May have a role in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism. Required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II; potent activator of LCAT. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons.
- Specific Function
- Antioxidant activity
- Gene Name
- APOA4
- Uniprot ID
- P06727
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein A-IV
- Molecular Weight
- 45398.775 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Macrophage receptor that binds to the apolipoprotein B48 (APOB) of dietary triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL) or to a like domain of APOB in hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoprotein...
- Gene Name
- APOBR
- Uniprot ID
- Q0VD83
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein B receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 114873.425 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apo B/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of ...
- Gene Name
- APOE
- Uniprot ID
- P02649
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein E
- Molecular Weight
- 36153.83 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May play a role in lipid exchange and transport throughout the body. May participate in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells to the liver.
- Specific Function
- Chloride channel activity
- Gene Name
- APOL1
- Uniprot ID
- O14791
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein L1
- Molecular Weight
- 43973.805 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proe...
- Gene Name
- C1QB
- Uniprot ID
- P02746
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B
- Molecular Weight
- 26721.62 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proe...
- Gene Name
- C1QC
- Uniprot ID
- P02747
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C
- Molecular Weight
- 25773.56 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type peptidase activity
- Specific Function
- C1r B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system.
- Gene Name
- C1R
- Uniprot ID
- P00736
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C1r subcomponent
- Molecular Weight
- 80118.04 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- C1s B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1r to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. C1r activates C1s so that it can, in turn, activat...
- Gene Name
- C1S
- Uniprot ID
- P09871
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C1s subcomponent
- Molecular Weight
- 76683.905 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- C3 plays a central role in the activation of the complement system. Its processing by C3 convertase is the central reaction in both classical and alternative complement pathways. After activation C...
- Gene Name
- C3
- Uniprot ID
- P01024
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C3
- Molecular Weight
- 187146.73 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Non-enzymatic component of the C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes. C4A isotype is responsible for effective binding to form amide bonds with immune aggregates or protein antigens, while C4B isotype catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens.
- Specific Function
- Carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- C4B
- Uniprot ID
- P0C0L5
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C4-B
- Molecular Weight
- 192749.785 Da
References
- Blom AM, Kask L, Ramesh B, Hillarp A: Effects of zinc on factor I cofactor activity of C4b-binding protein and factor H. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Oct 15;418(2):108-18. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Controls the classical pathway of complement activation. It binds as a cofactor to C3b/C4b inactivator (C3bINA), which then hydrolyzes the complement fragment C4b. It also accelerates the degradation of the C4bC2a complex (C3 convertase) by dissociating the complement fragment C2a. Alpha chain binds C4b. It interacts also with anticoagulant protein S and with serum amyloid P component.
- Specific Function
- Rna binding
- Gene Name
- C4BPA
- Uniprot ID
- P04003
- Uniprot Name
- C4b-binding protein alpha chain
- Molecular Weight
- 67032.63 Da
References
- Blom AM, Kask L, Ramesh B, Hillarp A: Effects of zinc on factor I cofactor activity of C4b-binding protein and factor H. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Oct 15;418(2):108-18. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Controls the classical pathway of complement activation. It binds as a cofactor to C3b/C4b inactivator (C3bINA), which then hydrolyzes the complement fragment C4b. It also accelerates the degradation of the C4bC2a complex (C3 convertase) by dissociating the complement fragment C2a. It also interacts with anticoagulant protein S and with serum amyloid P component. The beta chain binds protein S.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- C4BPB
- Uniprot ID
- P20851
- Uniprot Name
- C4b-binding protein beta chain
- Molecular Weight
- 28357.215 Da
References
- Blom AM, Kask L, Ramesh B, Hillarp A: Effects of zinc on factor I cofactor activity of C4b-binding protein and factor H. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Oct 15;418(2):108-18. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Activation of C5 by a C5 convertase initiates the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the membrane attack complex. C5b has a transient binding site for C6. The C5b-C...
- Gene Name
- C5
- Uniprot ID
- P01031
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C5
- Molecular Weight
- 188303.705 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Metalloprotease that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains (PubMed:19214193, PubMed:20656690, PubMed:24075985, PubMed:26344097). Does not have activity toward 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Component of the BRCA1-A complex, a complex that specifically recognizes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2AX at DNA lesions sites, leading to target the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer to sites of DNA damage at double-strand breaks (DSBs). In the BRCA1-A complex, it specifically removes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin on histones H2A and H2AX, antagonizing the RNF8-dependent ubiquitination at double-strand breaks (DSBs) (PubMed:20656690). Catalytic subunit of the BRISC complex, a multiprotein complex that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin in various substrates (PubMed:20656690, PubMed:24075985, PubMed:26344097, PubMed:26195665). Mediates the specific 'Lys-63'-specific deubiquitination associated with the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), via the interaction of the BRISC complex with the CSN complex (PubMed:19214193). The BRISC complex is required for normal mitotic spindle assembly and microtubule attachment to kinetochores via its role in deubiquitinating NUMA1 (PubMed:26195665). Plays a role in interferon signaling via its role in the deubiquitination of the interferon receptor IFNAR1; deubiquitination increases IFNAR1 activity by enhancing its stability and cell surface expression (PubMed:24075985, PubMed:26344097). Down-regulates the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its role in IFNAR1 deubiquitination (PubMed:24075985).
- Specific Function
- Enzyme regulator activity
- Gene Name
- BRCC3
- Uniprot ID
- P46736
- Uniprot Name
- Lys-63-specific deubiquitinase BRCC36
- Molecular Weight
- 36071.695 Da
References
- Zeqiraj E, Tian L, Piggott CA, Pillon MC, Duffy NM, Ceccarelli DF, Keszei AF, Lorenzen K, Kurinov I, Orlicky S, Gish GD, Heck AJ, Guarne A, Greenberg RA, Sicheri F: Higher-Order Assembly of BRCC36-KIAA0157 Is Required for DUB Activity and Biological Function. Mol Cell. 2015 Sep 17;59(6):970-83. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.028. Epub 2015 Sep 3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Constituent of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that plays a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response by forming pores in the plasma membrane of target cells. C8A inserts into the target membrane, but does not form pores by itself.
- Specific Function
- Complement binding
- Gene Name
- C8A
- Uniprot ID
- P07357
- Uniprot Name
- Complement component C8 alpha chain
- Molecular Weight
- 65162.685 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Constituent of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that plays a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response by forming pores in the plasma membrane of target cells.
- Specific Function
- Protein complex binding
- Gene Name
- C8B
- Uniprot ID
- P07358
- Uniprot Name
- Complement component C8 beta chain
- Molecular Weight
- 67046.35 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Retinol binding
- Specific Function
- C8 is a constituent of the membrane attack complex. C8 binds to the C5B-7 complex, forming the C5B-8 complex. C5-B8 binds C9 and acts as a catalyst in the polymerization of C9. The gamma subunit se...
- Gene Name
- C8G
- Uniprot ID
- P07360
- Uniprot Name
- Complement component C8 gamma chain
- Molecular Weight
- 22277.285 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Factor B which is part of the alternate pathway of the complement system is cleaved by factor D into 2 fragments: Ba and Bb. Bb, a serine protease, then combines with complement factor 3b to genera...
- Gene Name
- CFB
- Uniprot ID
- P00751
- Uniprot Name
- Complement factor B
- Molecular Weight
- 85532.325 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Factor H functions as a cofactor in the inactivation of C3b by factor I and also increases the rate of dissociation of the C3bBb complex (C3 convertase) and the (C3b)NBB complex (C5 convertase) in the alternative complement pathway.
- Specific Function
- Heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
- Gene Name
- CFH
- Uniprot ID
- P08603
- Uniprot Name
- Complement factor H
- Molecular Weight
- 139095.31 Da
References
- Nan R, Farabella I, Schumacher FF, Miller A, Gor J, Martin AC, Jones DT, Lengyel I, Perkins SJ: Zinc binding to the Tyr402 and His402 allotypes of complement factor H: possible implications for age-related macular degeneration. J Mol Biol. 2011 May 13;408(4):714-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.03.006. Epub 2011 Mar 17. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Responsible for cleaving the alpha-chains of C4b and C3b in the presence of the cofactors C4-binding protein and factor H respectively.
- Specific Function
- Metal ion binding
- Gene Name
- CFI
- Uniprot ID
- P05156
- Uniprot Name
- Complement factor I
- Molecular Weight
- 65749.78 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Isoform 1 functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of nonnative proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins. Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and subsequent lysosomal or proteasomal degradation. Secreted isoform 1 protects cells against apoptosis and against cytolysis by complement. Intracellular isoforms interact with ubiquitin and SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes and promote the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes proteasomal degradation of COMMD1 and IKBKB. Modulates NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Nuclear isoforms promote apoptosis. Mitochondrial isoforms suppress BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and inhibit apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation.
- Specific Function
- Chaperone binding
- Gene Name
- CLU
- Uniprot ID
- P10909
- Uniprot Name
- Clusterin
- Molecular Weight
- 52494.22 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ferroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iro...
- Gene Name
- CP
- Uniprot ID
- P00450
- Uniprot Name
- Ceruloplasmin
- Molecular Weight
- 122204.45 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Protects the body from potent vasoactive and inflammatory peptides containing C-terminal Arg or Lys (such as kinins or anaphylatoxins) which are released into the circulation.
- Gene Name
- CPN1
- Uniprot ID
- P15169
- Uniprot Name
- Carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain
- Molecular Weight
- 52285.935 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Enzyme regulator activity
- Specific Function
- The 83 kDa subunit binds and stabilizes the catalytic subunit at 37 degrees Celsius and keeps it in circulation. Under some circumstances it may be an allosteric modifier of the catalytic subunit.
- Gene Name
- CPN2
- Uniprot ID
- P22792
- Uniprot Name
- Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2
- Molecular Weight
- 60556.01 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- DCD-1 displays antimicrobial activity thereby limiting skin infection by potential pathogens in the first few hours after bacterial colonization. Highly effective against E.coli, E.faecalis, S.aureus and C.albicans. Optimal pH and salt concentration resemble the conditions in sweat. Also exhibits proteolytic activity.
- Specific Function
- Peptidase activity
- Gene Name
- DCD
- Uniprot ID
- P81605
- Uniprot Name
- Dermcidin
- Molecular Weight
- 11283.745 Da
References
- Song C, Weichbrodt C, Salnikov ES, Dynowski M, Forsberg BO, Bechinger B, Steinem C, de Groot BL, Zachariae U, Zeth K: Crystal structure and functional mechanism of a human antimicrobial membrane channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar 19;110(12):4586-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1214739110. Epub 2013 Feb 20. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Major high molecular weight protein of desmosomes. Involved in the organization of the desmosomal cadherin-plakoglobin complexes into discrete plasma membrane domains and in the anchoring of intermediate filaments to the desmosomes.
- Specific Function
- Cell adhesion molecule binding
- Gene Name
- DSP
- Uniprot ID
- P15924
- Uniprot Name
- Desmoplakin
- Molecular Weight
- 331771.16 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Factor XII is a serum glycoprotein that participates in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. Prekallikrein is cleaved by factor XII t...
- Gene Name
- F12
- Uniprot ID
- P00748
- Uniprot Name
- Coagulation factor XII
- Molecular Weight
- 67791.53 Da
References
- Rojkaer R, Schousboe I: Partial identification of the Zn2+-binding sites in factor XII and its activation derivatives. Eur J Biochem. 1997 Jul 15;247(2):491-6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- The B chain of factor XIII is not catalytically active, but is thought to stabilize the A subunits and regulate the rate of transglutaminase formation by thrombin.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- F13B
- Uniprot ID
- P05160
- Uniprot Name
- Coagulation factor XIII B chain
- Molecular Weight
- 75510.1 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thrombospondin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostas...
- Gene Name
- F2
- Uniprot ID
- P00734
- Uniprot Name
- Prothrombin
- Molecular Weight
- 70036.295 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May function in innate immunity through activation of the lectin complement pathway. Calcium-dependent and GlcNAc-binding lectin. Has affinity with GalNAc, GlcNAc, D-fucose, as mono/oligosaccharide and lipopolysaccharides from S.typhimurium and S.minnesota.
- Specific Function
- Antigen binding
- Gene Name
- FCN3
- Uniprot ID
- O75636
- Uniprot Name
- Ficolin-3
- Molecular Weight
- 32902.74 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function ...
- Gene Name
- FGA
- Uniprot ID
- P02671
- Uniprot Name
- Fibrinogen alpha chain
- Molecular Weight
- 94972.455 Da
References
- Marx G: Zinc binding to fibrinogen and fibrin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988 Oct;266(1):285-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protease binding
- Specific Function
- Fibronectins bind cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen, fibrin, heparin, DNA, and actin. Fibronectins are involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, opsonization, wound healing, an...
- Gene Name
- FN1
- Uniprot ID
- P02751
- Uniprot Name
- Fibronectin
- Molecular Weight
- 262623.095 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein domain specific binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembl...
- Gene Name
- GSN
- Uniprot ID
- P06396
- Uniprot Name
- Gelsolin
- Molecular Weight
- 85696.935 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxygen transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
- Gene Name
- HBA1
- Uniprot ID
- P69905
- Uniprot Name
- Hemoglobin subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 15257.405 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxygen transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.Spinorphin: functions as an...
- Gene Name
- HBB
- Uniprot ID
- P68871
- Uniprot Name
- Hemoglobin subunit beta
- Molecular Weight
- 15998.34 Da
References
- Gilman JG, Brewer GJ: The oxygen-linked zinc-binding site of human haemoglobin. Biochem J. 1978 Mar 1;169(3):625-32. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Primate-specific plasma protein associated with apolipoprotein L-I (apoL-I)-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This HDL particle, termed trypanosome lytic factor-1 (TLF-1), mediates human innate immune protection against many species of African trypanosomes. Binds hemoglobin with high affinity and may contribute to the clearance of cell-free hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron.
- Specific Function
- Hemoglobin binding
- Gene Name
- HPR
- Uniprot ID
- P00739
- Uniprot Name
- Haptoglobin-related protein
- Molecular Weight
- 39029.345 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Component of the epidermal cornified cell envelopes.
- Specific Function
- Calcium ion binding
- Gene Name
- HRNR
- Uniprot ID
- Q86YZ3
- Uniprot Name
- Hornerin
- Molecular Weight
- 282390.185 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in protein-protein interactions that result in protein complexes, receptor-ligand binding or cell adhesion.
- Specific Function
- Insulin-like growth factor binding
- Gene Name
- IGFALS
- Uniprot ID
- P35858
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit
- Molecular Weight
- 66034.13 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Antigen binding
- Specific Function
- Ig alpha is the major immunoglobulin class in body secretions. It may serve both to defend against local infection and to prevent access of foreign antigens to the general immunologic system.
- Gene Name
- IGHA1
- Uniprot ID
- P01876
- Uniprot Name
- Ig alpha-1 chain C region
- Molecular Weight
- 37654.29 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Antigen binding
- Specific Function
- IgM antibodies play an important role in primary defense mechanisms. They have been shown to be involved in early recognition of external invaders like bacteria and viruses, cellular waste and modi...
- Gene Name
- IGHM
- Uniprot ID
- P01871
- Uniprot Name
- Ig mu chain C region
- Molecular Weight
- 49306.215 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- V region of the variable domain of immunoglobulin light chains that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:22158414). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:17576170).
- Specific Function
- Antigen binding
- Gene Name
- IGKV1-17
- Uniprot ID
- P01599
- Uniprot Name
- Immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-17
- Molecular Weight
- 12778.39 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Antigen binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- P01619
- Uniprot Name
- Ig kappa chain V-III region GOL
- Molecular Weight
- 11830.17 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- V region of the variable domain of immunoglobulin light chains that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:22158414). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (PubMed:17576170, PubMed:20176268).
- Specific Function
- Antigen binding
- Gene Name
- IGLV3-21
- Uniprot ID
- P80748
- Uniprot Name
- Immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-21
- Molecular Weight
- 12445.65 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.
- Specific Function
- Calcium ion binding
- Gene Name
- ITIH1
- Uniprot ID
- P19827
- Uniprot Name
- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1
- Molecular Weight
- 101388.49 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.
- Specific Function
- Endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- ITIH2
- Uniprot ID
- P19823
- Uniprot Name
- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2
- Molecular Weight
- 106462.725 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.
- Specific Function
- Endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- ITIH3
- Uniprot ID
- Q06033
- Uniprot Name
- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3
- Molecular Weight
- 99848.575 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Type II acute-phase protein (APP) involved in inflammatory responses to trauma. May also play a role in liver development or regeneration.
- Specific Function
- Endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- ITIH4
- Uniprot ID
- Q14624
- Uniprot Name
- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4
- Molecular Weight
- 103356.645 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serves to link two monomer units of either IgM or IgA. In the case of IgM, the J chain-joined dimer is a nucleating unit for the IgM pentamer, and in the case of IgA it induces larger polymers. It also help to bind these immunoglobulins to secretory component.
- Specific Function
- Antigen binding
- Gene Name
- JCHAIN
- Uniprot ID
- P01591
- Uniprot Name
- Immunoglobulin J chain
- Molecular Weight
- 18098.39 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE-cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes which are proposed to couple cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- Alpha-catenin binding
- Gene Name
- JUP
- Uniprot ID
- P14923
- Uniprot Name
- Junction plakoglobin
- Molecular Weight
- 81743.98 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- The enzyme cleaves Lys-Arg and Arg-Ser bonds. It activates, in a reciprocal reaction, factor XII after its binding to a negatively charged surface. It also releases bradykinin from HMW kininogen an...
- Gene Name
- KLKB1
- Uniprot ID
- P03952
- Uniprot Name
- Plasma kallikrein
- Molecular Weight
- 71369.205 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- (1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3)...
- Gene Name
- KNG1
- Uniprot ID
- P01042
- Uniprot Name
- Kininogen-1
- Molecular Weight
- 71956.965 Da
References
- Herwald H, Morgelin M, Svensson HG, Sjobring U: Zinc-dependent conformational changes in domain D5 of high molecular mass kininogen modulate contact activation. Eur J Biochem. 2001 Jan;268(2):396-404. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May regulate the activity of kinases such as PKC and SRC via binding to integrin beta-1 (ITB1) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). In complex with C1QBP is a high affinity receptor for kininogen-1/HMWK.
- Specific Function
- Carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- KRT1
- Uniprot ID
- P04264
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
- Molecular Weight
- 66038.505 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Structural constituent of epidermis
- Gene Name
- KRT10
- Uniprot ID
- P13645
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
- Molecular Weight
- 58826.915 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- The nonhelical tail domain is involved in promoting KRT5-KRT14 filaments to self-organize into large bundles and enhances the mechanical properties involved in resilience of keratin intermediate filaments in vitro.
- Specific Function
- Keratin filament binding
- Gene Name
- KRT14
- Uniprot ID
- P02533
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14
- Molecular Weight
- 51561.075 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Epidermis-specific type I keratin that plays a key role in skin. Acts as a regulator of innate immunity in response to skin barrier breach: required for some inflammatory checkpoint for the skin barrier maintenance.
- Specific Function
- Structural constituent of cytoskeleton
- Gene Name
- KRT16
- Uniprot ID
- P08779
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16
- Molecular Weight
- 51267.39 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Probably contributes to terminal cornification. Associated with keratinocyte activation, proliferation and keratinization.
- Specific Function
- Cytoskeletal protein binding
- Gene Name
- KRT2
- Uniprot ID
- P35908
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal
- Molecular Weight
- 65432.65 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Scaffold protein binding
- Gene Name
- KRT5
- Uniprot ID
- P13647
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5
- Molecular Weight
- 62377.985 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Epidermis-specific type I keratin involved in wound healing. Involved in the activation of follicular keratinocytes after wounding, while it does not play a major role in keratinocyte proliferation or migration. Participates in the regulation of epithelial migration by inhibiting the activity of SRC during wound repair.
- Specific Function
- Structural constituent of cytoskeleton
- Gene Name
- KRT6A
- Uniprot ID
- P02538
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6A
- Molecular Weight
- 60044.525 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May serve an important special function either in the mature palmar and plantar skin tissue or in the morphogenetic program of the formation of these tissues. Plays a role in keratin filament assembly.
- Specific Function
- Structural constituent of cytoskeleton
- Gene Name
- KRT9
- Uniprot ID
- P35527
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9
- Molecular Weight
- 62064.29 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various hydrophobic ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and ava...
- Gene Name
- ORM2
- Uniprot ID
- P19652
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 23602.43 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- May play a scavenger role by digesting biologically active peptidoglycan (PGN) into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity.
- Gene Name
- PGLYRP2
- Uniprot ID
- Q96PD5
- Uniprot Name
- N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase
- Molecular Weight
- 62216.365 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Hydrolyzes the toxic metabolites of a variety of organophosphorus insecticides. Capable of hydrolyzing a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and lactones, and a number of aromatic carboxyl...
- Gene Name
- PON1
- Uniprot ID
- P27169
- Uniprot Name
- Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 39730.99 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase.
- Specific Function
- Endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- PZP
- Uniprot ID
- P20742
- Uniprot Name
- Pregnancy zone protein
- Molecular Weight
- 163861.765 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- S100A7
- Uniprot ID
- P31151
- Uniprot Name
- Protein S100-A7
- Molecular Weight
- 11470.87 Da
References
- Brodersen DE, Nyborg J, Kjeldgaard M: Zinc-binding site of an S100 protein revealed. Two crystal structures of Ca2+-bound human psoriasin (S100A7) in the Zn2+-loaded and Zn2+-free states. Biochemistry. 1999 Feb 9;38(6):1695-704. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Selenium binding
- Specific Function
- Might be responsible for some of the extracellular antioxidant defense properties of selenium or might be involved in the transport of selenium. May supply selenium to tissues such as brain and tes...
- Gene Name
- SEPP1
- Uniprot ID
- P49908
- Uniprot Name
- Selenoprotein P
- Molecular Weight
- 43173.37 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. T...
- Gene Name
- SERPINA1
- Uniprot ID
- P01009
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin
- Molecular Weight
- 46736.195 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Although its physiological function is unclear, it can inhibit neutrophil cathepsin G and mast cell chymase, both of which can convert angiotensin-1 to the active angiotensin-2.
- Specific Function
- Dna binding
- Gene Name
- SERPINA3
- Uniprot ID
- P01011
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
- Molecular Weight
- 47650.36 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details114. Kallistatin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Inhibits human amidolytic and kininogenase activities of tissue kallikrein. Inhibition is achieved by formation of an equimolar, heat- and SDS-stable complex between the inhibitor and the enzyme, and generation of a small C-terminal fragment of the inhibitor due to cleavage at the reactive site by tissue kallikrein.
- Specific Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- SERPINA4
- Uniprot ID
- P29622
- Uniprot Name
- Kallistatin
- Molecular Weight
- 48541.51 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species.
- Gene Name
- SERPINA6
- Uniprot ID
- P08185
- Uniprot Name
- Corticosteroid-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 45140.49 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT...
- Gene Name
- SERPIND1
- Uniprot ID
- P05546
- Uniprot Name
- Heparin cofactor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 57070.16 Da
References
- Eckert R, Ragg H: Zinc ions promote the interaction between heparin and heparin cofactor II. FEBS Lett. 2003 Apr 24;541(1-3):121-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Androgen binding
- Specific Function
- Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
- Gene Name
- SHBG
- Uniprot ID
- P04278
- Uniprot Name
- Sex hormone-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 43778.755 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transferrin receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from si...
- Gene Name
- TF
- Uniprot ID
- P02787
- Uniprot Name
- Serotransferrin
- Molecular Weight
- 77063.195 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details119. Transthyretin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function
- Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.
- Gene Name
- TTR
- Uniprot ID
- P02766
- Uniprot Name
- Transthyretin
- Molecular Weight
- 15886.88 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details120. Vitronectin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Scavenger receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Vitronectin is a cell adhesion and spreading factor found in serum and tissues. Vitronectin interact with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Is recognized by certain members of the integrin fami...
- Gene Name
- VTN
- Uniprot ID
- P04004
- Uniprot Name
- Vitronectin
- Molecular Weight
- 54305.135 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- May play a role in postsynaptic function. The C-terminal gamma-secretase processed fragment, ALID1, activates transcription activation through APBB1 (Fe65) binding (By similarity). Couples to JIP signal transduction through C-terminal binding. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I.
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor binding
- Gene Name
- APLP1
- Uniprot ID
- P51693
- Uniprot Name
- Amyloid-like protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 72175.825 Da
References
- Mayer MC, Kaden D, Schauenburg L, Hancock MA, Voigt P, Roeser D, Barucker C, Than ME, Schaefer M, Multhaup G: Novel zinc-binding site in the E2 domain regulates amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) oligomerization. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 4;289(27):19019-30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.570382. Epub 2014 May 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- May play a role in the regulation of hemostasis. The soluble form may have inhibitory properties towards coagulation factors. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. May bind to the DNA 5'-GTCACATG-3'(CDEI box). Inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, factor XIA and plasma and glandular kallikrein. Modulates the Cu/Zn nitric oxide-catalyzed autodegradation of GPC1 heparan sulfate side chains in fibroblasts (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- Dna binding
- Gene Name
- APLP2
- Uniprot ID
- Q06481
- Uniprot Name
- Amyloid-like protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 86955.2 Da
References
- Mayer MC, Kaden D, Schauenburg L, Hancock MA, Voigt P, Roeser D, Barucker C, Than ME, Schaefer M, Multhaup G: Novel zinc-binding site in the E2 domain regulates amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) oligomerization. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 4;289(27):19019-30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.570382. Epub 2014 May 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Transition metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and tra...
- Gene Name
- APP
- Uniprot ID
- P05067
- Uniprot Name
- Amyloid beta A4 protein
- Molecular Weight
- 86942.715 Da
References
- Mayer MC, Kaden D, Schauenburg L, Hancock MA, Voigt P, Roeser D, Barucker C, Than ME, Schaefer M, Multhaup G: Novel zinc-binding site in the E2 domain regulates amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) oligomerization. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 4;289(27):19019-30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.570382. Epub 2014 May 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- Activator/cofactor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This ...
- Gene Name
- PARP1
- Uniprot ID
- P09874
- Uniprot Name
- Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 113082.945 Da
References
- Bossak K, Goch W, Piatek K, Fraczyk T, Poznanski J, Bonna A, Keil C, Hartwig A, Bal W: Unusual Zn(II) Affinities of Zinc Fingers of Poly(ADP-ribose)Polymerase 1 (PARP-1) Nuclear Protein. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Feb 16;28(2):191-201. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea.
- Gene Name
- CA1
- Uniprot ID
- P00915
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 28870.0 Da
References
- McCall KA, Huang C, Fierke CA: Function and mechanism of zinc metalloenzymes. J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5S Suppl):1437S-46S. [Article]
Drug created at August 29, 2007 16:03 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55