Identification
- Summary
Urea is a keratolytic emollient used to treat hyperkeratotic lesions and moisturize the skin.
- Brand Names
- Cem-urea, Umecta, Utopic
- Generic Name
- Urea
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB03904
- Background
A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Urea (DB03904)
- Weight
- Average: 60.0553
Monoisotopic: 60.03236276 - Chemical Formula
- CH4N2O
- Synonyms
- Carbamide
- Carbonyldiamide
- Harnstoff
- Karbamid
- Urea
- Urée
- External IDs
- E-927A
- INS NO.927A
- INS-927A
- NSC-34375
Pharmacology
- Indication
Urea is used topically for debridement and promotion of normal healing of hyperkeratotic surface lesions, particularly where healing is retarded by local infection, necrotic tissue, fibrinous or purulent debris or eschar. Urea is useful for the treatment of hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, dermatitis, psoriasis, xerosis, ichthyosis, eczema, keratosis, keratoderma, corns and calluses, as well as damaged, devitalized and ingrown nails.1
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Dermatitis, contact Combination Product in combination with: Hydrocortisone acetate (DB14539) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Dermatitis, eczematous Combination Product in combination with: Hydrocortisone acetate (DB14539) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination for symptomatic treatment of Dry eyes Combination Product in combination with: Polidocanol (DB06811) ••• ••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Dry skin; eczema Combination Product in combination with: Hydrocortisone acetate (DB14539) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Eczema, dyshidrotic Combination Product in combination with: Hydrocortisone acetate (DB14539) •••••••••••• ••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Urea is a keratolytic emollient that works to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin.1
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism ADihydrofolate reductase activatorGallus gallus UArginase-1 Not Available Humans UCarbonic anhydrase 2 Not Available Humans UCatenin beta-1 Not Available Humans USulfoxide reductase catalytic subunit YedY Not Available Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Aluvea Cream 39 g/100g Topical Merz Pharmaceuticals 2011-04-15 2016-06-01 US 
Carmol 40 Cream 400 mg/1g Topical E. Fougera & CO., A division of Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2000-05-01 2012-03-31 US Carmol 40 Lotion .4 mL/1mL Topical E. Fougera & CO., A division of Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2000-05-01 2012-03-31 US Carmol 40 Gel .4 mL/1mL Topical E. Fougera & CO., A division of Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2000-05-01 2012-03-31 US CEM-Urea Solution .45 mL/1mL Topical Pru Gen Pharmaceuticals 2011-07-01 Not applicable US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image AXCEL UREA CREAM Cream Topical KOTRA PHARMA (M) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia 
AXCEL UREA CREAM 10% w/w Cream 10 % w/w Topical KOTRA PHARMA MARKETING 1999-07-04 Not applicable Singapore 
Bare 20 Gel 20 g/100g Topical Scientific Solutions Global, Llc 2017-08-01 Not applicable US Bare 40 Gel 40 g/40g Topical SSG Ventures Inc 2021-01-01 Not applicable US Bare 40 Gel 40 g/100g Topical Scientific Solutions Global, Llc 2017-08-01 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Amino-cerv Urea (8.34 %) + Cystine (0.354 %) + Inositol (0.83 %) + Sodium propionate (0.50 %) + Racemethionine (0.83 %) Cream Vaginal Milex, A Coopersurgical Co. 1952-12-31 2007-07-26 Canada 
BALISA VAS Urea (120 mg/g) + Tretinoin (0.3 mg/g) Cream Topical 2006-04-01 Not applicable Germany 
BALISA VAS Urea (120 mg/g) + Tretinoin (0.3 mg/g) Cream Topical 2006-04-01 Not applicable Germany Bare 40 Plus SA Urea (40 g/113g) + Salicylic acid (6.5 g/113g) Gel Topical SSG Ventures Inc 2019-09-20 Not applicable US Calmurid HC Crm Urea (100 mg / g) + Hydrocortisone (10 mg / g) Cream Topical Galderma 1994-12-31 2000-08-02 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Aluvea Urea (39 g/100g) Cream Topical Merz Pharmaceuticals 2011-04-15 2016-06-01 US Bare 20 Urea (20 g/100g) Gel Topical Scientific Solutions Global, Llc 2017-08-01 Not applicable US Bare 40 Urea (40 g/40g) Gel Topical SSG Ventures Inc 2021-01-01 Not applicable US Bare 40 Urea (40 g/100g) Gel Topical Scientific Solutions Global, Llc 2017-08-01 Not applicable US Bare 40 HA Urea (40 g/100g) Gel Topical Scientific Solutions Global, Llc 2017-08-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- D02AE01 — Carbamide
- D02AE — Carbamide products
- D02A — EMOLLIENTS AND PROTECTIVES
- D02 — EMOLLIENTS AND PROTECTIVES
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
- B05BC — Solutions producing osmotic diuresis
- B05B — I.V. SOLUTIONS
- B05 — BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS
- B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ureas. These are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Organic carbonic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Ureas
- Direct Parent
- Ureas
- Alternative Parents
- Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound / Organooxygen compound / Organopnictogen compound / Urea
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- one-carbon compound, isourea (CHEBI:48376) / a small molecule (UREA)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 8W8T17847W
- CAS number
- 57-13-6
- InChI Key
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
- IUPAC Name
- urea
- SMILES
- NC(N)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Ryo Yoshida, Haruhiko Katoh, Seizo Sumida, Ichiki Takemoto, Junya Takahashi, Katsuzo Kamoshita, "Urea derivatives, and their production and use." U.S. Patent US4334912, issued 0000.
US4334912- General References
- DailyMed Label: CEM-UREA- urea topical solution [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000294
- KEGG Drug
- D00023
- KEGG Compound
- C00086
- PubChem Compound
- 1176
- PubChem Substance
- 46508687
- ChemSpider
- 1143
- BindingDB
- 24961
- 11002
- ChEBI
- 16199
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL985
- ZINC
- ZINC000008214514
- PharmGKB
- PA451831
- PDBe Ligand
- URE
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Urea
- PDB Entries
- 1bv3 / 1ddr / 1ep5 / 1hqg / 1xdq / 1xr8 / 1xr9 / 2f30 / 2f56 / 2i1j … show 72 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Prevention Hand Eczema 1 4 Completed Treatment Dentin Sensitivity 1 4 Completed Treatment Foot Dermatoses 1 4 Completed Treatment Hepatocellular Carcinoma 1 4 Unknown Status Not Available Atopic Dermatitis 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- A. Aarons Inc.
- Aerosol Scandinavia Ab
- Allan Pharmaceutical LLC
- American Spraytech LLC
- APL Logistics WMS
- Avent Inc.
- Ballard Medical Products Inc.
- Bioglan Pharmaceuticals Co.
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- CMIC-VPS Corp.
- Collegium Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Crown Laboratories Inc.
- Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- DSC Laboratories
- E. Fougera and Co.
- Ethex Corp.
- EZ-EM Inc.
- Gordon Laboratories
- Groupe Parima Inc.
- Harmony Laboratories Inc.
- Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals
- Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
- Hope Pharmaceuticals
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- JSJ Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Kylemore Pharmaceuticals
- Medimetriks Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Meretek Diagnostics Inc.
- Onset Therapeutics LLC
- Otsuka America
- Pegasus Laboratories Inc.
- Perrigo Co.
- Pharma Pac LLC
- Pharmaderm
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Prasco Labs
- Professional Compounding Centers America LLC
- Qualitest
- Quinnova Pharmaceuticals
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
- Seton Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Sheffield Laboratories Div Faria Limited LLC
- Sonar Products Inc.
- Stratus Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
- Truett Laboratories
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Cream Topical 39 g/100g Cream Vaginal Gel Topical 20 g/100g Ointment Topical 100 MG/G Cream Topical Cream Topical 100 mg / g Cream Topical 10 g/100g Cream Topical 20 g/100g Tablet Oral 330 mg Gel Topical .4 mL/1mL Lotion Topical .4 mL/1mL Solution Topical .45 mL/1mL Gel Topical 50 g/100mL Cream Topical Aerosol Topical 20 g Kit Topical 390 mg/1g Cream; kit Topical Emulsion Topical 10 % Emulsion Topical 2 % Emulsion Topical 4 % Solution Topical Liquid Topical 250 mg/1mL Cream Topical 180 mg/1mL Cream Topical 100 mg/1mL Ointment Topical 0.4 g/1g Cream Topical 1 % w/w Ointment Topical Aerosol, foam Topical 30 g/100g Aerosol, foam Topical 42 g/100g Lotion Topical 350 mg/1mL Cream Topical 400 mg/1g Gel Topical 450 mg/1g Emulsion Topical 12 g/100g Emulsion Topical 0.45 mL/1mL Gel Topical Suspension Topical 142 g/284g Cream Topical 120 mg/g Liquid Topical Cream Topical 42 mg/1g Kit Topical Capsule Oral 37 kBq Cream Topical 40 g Emulsion Topical 500 mg/1g Solution Topical 500 mg/1mL Cream Topical 71 g/142g Gel Topical 40 g/100g Cream Topical 375 mg/1g Lotion Topical Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 100 mg Cream Topical 10 mg/g Emulsion Topical 400 mg/1g Film Topical 400 mg/1g Suspension Topical 400 mg/1g Aerosol, foam Topical 20 g/100g Lotion Topical 450 mg/1g Kit Topical 450 mg/1mL Cloth Topical 450 mg/1g Aerosol, foam Topical 400 mg/1g Cloth Topical 420 mg/1mL Cream Topical .4 g/1g Cream Topical 0.4 g/1g Cream Topical 17 g/85g Cream Topical 390 mg/1g Cream Topical 40 g/100g Cream Topical 410 mg/1g Cream Topical 450 mg/1g Cream Topical 500 mg/1g Cream Topical 8.5 g/85g Emulsion Topical 450 mg/1mL Emulsion Topical 50 g/100g Emulsion Topical 500 mg/1mL Gel Topical .45 mg/1mL Gel Topical 40 g/100mL Gel Topical 400 mg/1mL Gel Topical 450 mg/1mL Lotion Topical 1 mL/10mL Lotion Topical 40 g/100g Lotion Topical 40 g/100mL Lotion Topical 400 mg/1mL Lotion Topical 400 mg/1g Ointment Topical 500 mg/1g Solution Topical 1 g/1mL Solution Topical 400 mg/1g Stick Topical 500 mg/1mL Gel Topical 20 g/100mL Gel Topical 200 mg/1g Cream Topical 395 mg/1g Gel Topical 4 g/10mL Gel Topical 40 mg/1g Gel Topical 40 g/40g Gel Topical 12 g/12g Gel Topical 40 g/113g Cream Topical 470 mg/1g Gel Topical 500 mg/1mL Aerosol, foam Topical 35 g/100g Cream Topical 15 g Lotion Topical 349.46 mg/1mL Suspension Topical 500 mg/1g Cream Topical 20 g Cream Topical 10 % w/w Ointment Topical 10 % Emulsion Topical 40 % Cream Topical 10 % Cream Topical 5 % Lotion Topical 100 mg/1mL Cream Topical 200 mg/1g Ointment Topical 120 mg/g Cream Topical 440 mg/1g Lotion Topical 10 % Cream Topical 12 % Lotion Topical 94.8 mg/237mL Gel Topical 6.726 g/15mL Ointment Topical 7.5 g/30g Cream Topical 100 mg/g Cream Topical 20 % Lotion Topical 10 g/100g Lotion Topical 20 g/100g - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 132.7 °C PhysProp water solubility 5.45E+005 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH (1989) logP -2.11 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) logS 0.96 ADME Research, USCD Caco2 permeability -5.34 ADME Research, USCD pKa 0.1 (at 21 °C) PERRIN,DD (1965) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 412.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1.8 ALOGPS logP -1.4 Chemaxon logS 0.84 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.73 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -2.4 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 69.11 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 13.14 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 5.1 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9513 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.981 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8956 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8517 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.982 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9875 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9343 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7982 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.793 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.8449 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9661 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8771 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9878 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.974 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9724 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9695 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9133 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.6955 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.5354 Rat acute toxicity 0.8822 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.981 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9824
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 93.8321188 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 93.8872188 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 115.505264 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 94.3815188 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 95.0231188 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 117.30985 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 94.5742188 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 94.5792188 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 124.37478 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Gallus gallus
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- Curator comments
- This target relationship has been identified during in vitro experiments in chicken liver cells.
- General Function
- Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. May bind to mRNA.
- Specific Function
- Dihydrofolate reductase activity
- Gene Name
- DHFR
- Uniprot ID
- P00378
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydrofolate reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 21649.77 Da
References
- Fan YX, Ju M, Zhou JM, Tsou CL: Activation of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase by urea and guanidine hydrochloride is accompanied by conformational change at the active site. Biochem J. 1996 Apr 1;315 ( Pt 1):97-102. doi: 10.1042/bj3150097. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Manganese ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ARG1
- Uniprot ID
- P05089
- Uniprot Name
- Arginase-1
- Molecular Weight
- 34734.655 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- The references include in vitro experiments that show this relationship.
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion in...
- Gene Name
- CA2
- Uniprot ID
- P00918
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 29245.895 Da
References
- Temperini C, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. X-ray crystal studies of the carbonic anhydrase II-trithiocarbonate adduct--an inhibitor mimicking the sulfonamide and urea binding to the enzyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Jan 15;20(2):474-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.124. Epub 2009 Nov 27. [Article]
- Wahiduzzaman, Dar MA, Haque MA, Idrees D, Hassan MI, Islam A, Ahmad F: Characterization of folding intermediates during urea-induced denaturation of human carbonic anhydrase II. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Feb;95:881-887. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.073. Epub 2016 Oct 24. [Article]
- Prakash A, Dixit G, Meena NK, Singh R, Vishwakarma P, Mishra S, Lynn AM: Elucidation of stable intermediates in urea-induced unfolding pathway of human carbonic anhydrase IX. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2018 Jul;36(9):2391-2406. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1355847. Epub 2017 Jul 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transcription regulatory region dna binding
- Specific Function
- Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and...
- Gene Name
- CTNNB1
- Uniprot ID
- P35222
- Uniprot Name
- Catenin beta-1
- Molecular Weight
- 85495.94 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli O157:H7
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- This evidence is based on in vitro experiments.
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors
- Specific Function
- The exact function is not known. Can catalyze the reduction of a variety of substrates like dimethyl sulfoxide, trimethylamine N-oxide, phenylmethyl sulfoxide and L-methionine sulfoxide. Cannot red...
- Gene Name
- yedY
- Uniprot ID
- Q8XB74
- Uniprot Name
- Sulfoxide reductase catalytic subunit YedY
- Molecular Weight
- 37356.555 Da
References
- Raghunathan S, Jaganade T, Priyakumar UD: Urea-aromatic interactions in biology. Biophys Rev. 2020 Feb;12(1):65-84. doi: 10.1007/s12551-020-00620-9. Epub 2020 Feb 17. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Urea transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Specialized low-affinity vasopressin-regulated urea transporter. Mediates rapid transepithelial urea transport across the inner medullary collecting duct and plays a major role in the urinary conce...
- Gene Name
- SLC14A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q15849
- Uniprot Name
- Urea transporter 2
- Molecular Weight
- 101207.965 Da
References
- Wall SM, Han JS, Chou CL, Knepper MA: Kinetics of urea and water permeability activation by vasopressin in rat terminal IMCD. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jun;262(6 Pt 2):F989-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Water transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Urea channel that facilitates transmembrane urea transport down a concentration gradient. A constriction of the transmembrane channel functions as selectivity filter through which urea is expected ...
- Gene Name
- SLC14A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q13336
- Uniprot Name
- Urea transporter 1
- Molecular Weight
- 42527.93 Da
References
- Ripoche P, Rousselet G: [Urea transporters]. Nephrologie. 1996;17(7):383-8. [Article]
- Olives B, Mattei MG, Huet M, Neau P, Martial S, Cartron JP, Bailly P: Kidd blood group and urea transport function of human erythrocytes are carried by the same protein. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 30;270(26):15607-10. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55