Identification
- Summary
Lactose is an additive and filler found in various products to maintain structure and consistency.
- Generic Name
- Lactose
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB04465
- Background
A disaccharide of glucose and galactose in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Experimental, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Lactose (DB04465)
- Weight
- Average: 342.2965
Monoisotopic: 342.116211546 - Chemical Formula
- C12H22O11
- Synonyms
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to manage Asthma Combination Product in combination with: Fluticasone propionate (DB00588), Salmeterol (DB00938) •••••••••••• •••••••••••••• •••••• •••••• Used in combination to manage Asthma Combination Product in combination with: Fluticasone propionate (DB00588), Salmeterol (DB00938) •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••••• •••• •• ••••••• •••••••••••••• ••• • ••••••••••• •••••• ••••••• •••••• Used in combination to manage Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) Combination Product in combination with: Fluticasone propionate (DB00588), Salmeterol (DB00938) •••••••••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Hypothyroidism Combination Product in combination with: Levothyroxine (DB00451) ••• ••• •••••• Used in combination for therapy Opioid dependence Combination Product in combination with: Microcrystalline cellulose (DB14158), Methadone (DB00333), Silicon dioxide (DB11132), Magnesium stearate (DB14077) •••••••••••• •••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UGalectin-3 Not Available Humans USialidase Not Available Micromonospora viridifaciens UBeta-galactosidase Not Available Humans UBeta-galactosidase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UGlycosyltransferase 6 domain-containing protein 1 Not Available Humans UGlycolipid transfer protein Not Available Humans UHydrolase Not Available Streptomyces olivaceoviridis UEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase A Not Available Streptomyces lividans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
Pathway Category Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation CDG-IId Disease Galactosemia Disease GLUT-1 Deficiency Syndrome Disease Galactose Metabolism Metabolic Lactose Synthesis Metabolic Lactose Degradation Metabolic Lactose Intolerance Disease - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Lac-tol Pwr 50gm/pck Powder 50 g / pck Oral Endovations Inc. 1988-12-31 1997-07-15 Canada 
Lactol Suspension 50 g / dose Oral Ballard Medical Products 1997-03-01 2002-07-22 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image SYNTHROID® 112 MCG TABLETAS Lactose (62.87 mg) + Levothyroxine sodium (112 cg) Tablet Oral ABBOTT LABORATORIES DE COLOMBIA S.A.S. 2006-11-10 Not applicable Colombia 
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
- Direct Parent
- O-glycosyl compounds
- Alternative Parents
- Disaccharides / Oxanes / Secondary alcohols / Hemiacetals / Polyols / Oxacyclic compounds / Acetals / Primary alcohols / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Acetal / Alcohol / Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Disaccharide / Hemiacetal / Hydrocarbon derivative / O-glycosyl compound / Organoheterocyclic compound / Oxacycle / Oxane
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- glycosylglucose (CHEBI:17716) / Disaccharides (C00243)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 3SY5LH9PMK
- CAS number
- 63-42-3
- InChI Key
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11?,12+/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
- SMILES
- OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
References
- Synthesis Reference
James P. Danehy, "Synthesis of ascorbic acid from lactose." U.S. Patent US4259443, issued December, 1956.
US4259443- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Prevention Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) / Lymphocytic Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI) / Transplanted Organ Rejection 1 4 Completed Prevention Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) 1 4 Completed Treatment Acute Cholecystitis 1 4 Completed Treatment Alcohol Abuse / Alcohol Dependency 1 4 Completed Treatment Asthma 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Forest Pharmaceuticals
- Schwarz Pharma Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Powder Oral 50 g / pck Suspension Oral 50 g / dose Powder Respiratory (inhalation) Tablet Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 201-202 °C PhysProp water solubility 1.95E+005 mg/L (at 20 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 586.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -3 ALOGPS logP -4.7 Chemaxon logS 0.23 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 11.25 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 11 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 8 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 189.53 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 68.34 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 31.32 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.8748 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.6207 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8836 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.5394 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.7589 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9142 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8144 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8451 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8853 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.658 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.961 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9376 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9399 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9083 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9645 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8898 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8628 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9551 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.6632 Rat acute toxicity 1.0242 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9517 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8283
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-01r5-0907000000-834cb065654acb2a5261 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-000f-2297000000-fe8f810a75c74c67fc24 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-02bg-2946000000-d2b885f3222fd86eccc8 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0ufu-4193000000-c5a67afae49d3c7e28f4 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0hti-9781000000-46fe030a29e7dd0e6297 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-9200000000-b450e922ea07c4fa67b4 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 159.08488 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 160.83846 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 166.89494 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Poly(a) rna binding
- Specific Function
- Galactose-specific lectin which binds IgE. May mediate with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Together with DMBT1, required for terminal differen...
- Gene Name
- LGALS3
- Uniprot ID
- P17931
- Uniprot Name
- Galectin-3
- Molecular Weight
- 26152.165 Da
References
- Seidel RD 3rd, Zhuang T, Prestegard JH: Bound-state residual dipolar couplings for rapidly exchanging ligands of His-tagged proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Apr 18;129(15):4834-9. Epub 2007 Mar 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Micromonospora viridifaciens
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Exo-alpha-(2->8)-sialidase activity
- Specific Function
- To release sialic acids for use as carbon and energy sources for this non-pathogenic bacterium while in pathogenic microorganisms, sialidases have been suggested to be pathogenic factors.
- Gene Name
- nedA
- Uniprot ID
- Q02834
- Uniprot Name
- Sialidase
- Molecular Weight
- 68829.78 Da
References
- Newstead SL, Watson JN, Bennet AJ, Taylor G: Galactose recognition by the carbohydrate-binding module of a bacterial sialidase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005 Nov;61(Pt 11):1483-91. doi: 10.1107/S0907444905026132. Epub 2005 Oct 19. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Isoform 1 Cleaves beta-linked terminal galactosyl residues from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans.
- Specific Function
- Beta-galactosidase activity
- Gene Name
- GLB1
- Uniprot ID
- P16278
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-galactosidase
- Molecular Weight
- 76074.22 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Magnesium ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- lacZ
- Uniprot ID
- P00722
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-galactosidase
- Molecular Weight
- 116482.045 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- GLT6D1
- Uniprot ID
- Q7Z4J2
- Uniprot Name
- Glycosyltransferase 6 domain-containing protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 36273.575 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Lipid binding
- Specific Function
- Accelerates the intermembrane transfer of various glycolipids. Catalyzes the transfer of various glycosphingolipids between membranes but does not catalyze the transfer of phospholipids. May be inv...
- Gene Name
- GLTP
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NZD2
- Uniprot Name
- Glycolipid transfer protein
- Molecular Weight
- 23849.6 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptomyces olivaceoviridis
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q7SI98
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-xylanase
- Molecular Weight
- 46749.175 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptomyces lividans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
- Specific Function
- Contributes to hydrolyze hemicellulose, the major component of plant cell-walls. XLNA and XLNB seem to act sequentially on the substrate to yield xylobiose and xylose as carbon sources.
- Gene Name
- xlnA
- Uniprot ID
- P26514
- Uniprot Name
- Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A
- Molecular Weight
- 51162.3 Da
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at April 30, 2021 13:05