NAV

Camptothecin

Identification

Generic Name
Camptothecin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB04690
Background

Camptothecin is an alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase, type I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Experimental
Structure
3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 348.352
Monoisotopic: 348.11100701
Chemical Formula
C20H16N2O4
Synonyms
  • (+)-camptothecin
  • (+)-camptothecine
  • (S)-(+)-camptothecin
  • 20(S)-camptothecine
  • 21,22-Secocamptothecin-21-oic acid lactone
  • Camptothecine
  • D-camptothecin
Poor quality drug data slowing you down?
Unlock 38% more drug discovery time and eliminate decision-making doubts with this one-stop guide to quality drug data.
Download eBook
Poor quality drug data slowing you down?
Download eBook

Pharmacology

Indication

Investigated for the treatment of cancer.

Reduce drug development failure rates
Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.
See how
Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.
See how
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today
Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.
Learn more
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
Learn more
Pharmacodynamics

Camptothecin demonstrated strong anticancer activity in preliminary clinical trials but also low solubility and adverse drug reaction. Camptothecin is believed to be a potent topoisomerase inhibitor that interferes with the essential function of topoisomerase in DNA replication.

Mechanism of action

Camptothecin binds to the topoisomerase I and DNA complex resulting in a ternary complex, stabilizing it and preventing DNA re-ligation and therefore causes DNA damage which results in apoptosis.

TargetActionsOrganism
UDNA topoisomerase 1
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomes
With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!
See the data
Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
See a data sample
Toxicity

Acute oral toxicity (LD50) in mouse: 50.1 mg/kg

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software
AbemaciclibAbemaciclib may decrease the excretion rate of Camptothecin which could result in a higher serum level.
AfatinibAfatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Camptothecin which could result in a higher serum level.
AlectinibAlectinib may decrease the excretion rate of Camptothecin which could result in a higher serum level.
AmbroxolThe risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Camptothecin is combined with Ambroxol.
ApalutamideThe serum concentration of Camptothecin can be decreased when it is combined with Apalutamide.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as camptothecins. These are heterocyclic compounds comprising a planar pentacyclic ring structure, that includes a pyrrolo[3,4-beta]-quinoline moiety (rings A, B and C), conjugated pyridone moiety (ring D) and one chiral center at position 20 within the alpha-hydroxy lactone ring with (S) configuration (the E-ring).
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Alkaloids and derivatives
Class
Camptothecins
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Camptothecins
Alternative Parents
Quinolines and derivatives / Pyranopyridines / Pyridinones / Benzenoids / Tertiary alcohols / Heteroaromatic compounds / Carboxylic acid esters / Lactams / Lactones / Azacyclic compounds
show 7 more
Substituents
Alcohol / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Camptothecin / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative
show 16 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
quinoline alkaloid, pyranoindolizinoquinoline (CHEBI:27656) / Alkaloids, Quinoline alkaloids (C01897)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
XT3Z54Z28A
CAS number
7689-03-4
InChI Key
VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H16N2O4/c1-2-20(25)14-8-16-17-12(7-11-5-3-4-6-15(11)21-17)9-22(16)18(23)13(14)10-26-19(20)24/h3-8,25H,2,9-10H2,1H3/t20-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(19S)-19-ethyl-19-hydroxy-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,11}.0^{4,9}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-1(21),2,4,6,8,10,15(20)-heptaene-14,18-dione
SMILES
CC[C@@]1(O)C(=O)OCC2=C1C=C1N(CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4N=C13)C2=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Tadashi Miyasaka, Seigo Sawada, Kenichiro Nokata, Masahiko Mutai, "Photochemical process for preparing camptothecin derivatives." U.S. Patent US4545880, issued March, 1976.

US4545880
General References
  1. Wall ME, Wani MC: Camptothecin and taxol: from discovery to clinic. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996 Apr;51(1-3):239-53; discussion 253-4. [Article]
  2. Kepler JA, Wani MC, McNaull JN, Wall ME, Levine SG: Plant antitumor agents. IV. An approach toward the synthesis of camptothecin. J Org Chem. 1969 Dec;34(12):3853-8. [Article]
KEGG Compound
C01897
PubChem Compound
24360
PubChem Substance
46507644
ChemSpider
22775
BindingDB
50008923
ChEBI
27656
ChEMBL
CHEMBL65
ZINC
ZINC000000105309
PharmGKB
PA153590860
PDBe Ligand
EHD
Wikipedia
Camptothecin
PDB Entries
1t8i
MSDS
Download (73.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentBotryoid-Type Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma / Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma / Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar / Rhabdomyosarcomas / Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma / Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma1
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentPRETEXT I Hepatoblastoma / PRETEXT II Hepatoblastoma / PRETEXT III Hepatoblastoma / PRETEXT IV Hepatoblastoma1
3CompletedTreatmentAdult Rhabdomyosarcoma / Childhood Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma / Childhood Botryoid-Type Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma / Embryonal Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma / Localized Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma / Rhabdomyosarcomas / Sarcomas / Stage I Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7 / Stage II Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7 / Stage III Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v71
3CompletedTreatmentPancreatic Cancer1
3CompletedTreatmentRectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma / Recurrent Rectal Carcinoma / Signet Ring Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum / Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7 / Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7 / Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7 / Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7 / Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7 / Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7 / Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7 / Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v71

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
Not Available
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)275-277 °CVolkmann
logP1.74HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.511 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.91ALOGPS
logP1.22Chemaxon
logS-2.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.71Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.07Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area79.73 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count1Chemaxon
Refractivity94.49 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability36.4 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.841
Blood Brain Barrier-0.6345
Caco-2 permeable-0.5555
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.6039
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.7852
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9762
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8376
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8311
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8454
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.546
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.9106
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.907
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9232
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9025
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.7959
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5591
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.5393
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8187
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity3.3261 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9939
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.902
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0009000000-d761f92f05da35fcdccc
MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-f0c6f4a14bb1034d2b44
MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0009000000-21af02e2bc86f07c0100
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0149000000-a4935b6e6f5d88de2237
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0009000000-86d43cb0969e90ff96b3
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0097000000-7ff1339611b3aa6f5e8b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0019000000-268f9225e2438d800d17
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0093000000-b3dd3391d944aa3812b2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-1293000000-8e1615da802700945c54
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kb-0696000000-7d3d0c39bc7fc215d5d1
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-195.4489731
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-195.6352731
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-177.12344
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+196.3229731
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+195.9605731
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+179.48145
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+196.2859731
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+195.7564731
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+186.02837
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Details1. DNA topoisomerase 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Poly(a) rna binding
Specific Function
Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a singl...
Gene Name
TOP1
Uniprot ID
P11387
Uniprot Name
DNA topoisomerase 1
Molecular Weight
90725.19 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Teicher BA: Next generation topoisomerase I inhibitors: Rationale and biomarker strategies. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Mar 15;75(6):1262-71. Epub 2007 Oct 22. [Article]
  3. van der Merwe M, Bjornsti MA: Mutation of Gly721 alters DNA topoisomerase I active site architecture and sensitivity to camptothecin. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 8;283(6):3305-15. Epub 2007 Dec 4. [Article]
  4. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
  5. Mattern MR, Mong S, Mong SM, Bartus JO, Sarau HM, Clark MA, Foley JJ, Crooke ST: Transient activation of topoisomerase I in leukotriene D4 signal transduction in human cells. Biochem J. 1990 Jan 1;265(1):101-7. doi: 10.1042/bj2650101. [Article]

Carriers

Details1. Serum albumin
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Schmid B, Chung DE, Warnecke A, Fichtner I, Kratz F: Albumin-binding prodrugs of camptothecin and doxorubicin with an Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-linker that are cleaved by cathepsin B: synthesis and antitumor efficacy. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 May-Jun;18(3):702-16. Epub 2007 Mar 23. [Article]
  2. Wang ZM, Ho JX, Ruble JR, Rose J, Ruker F, Ellenburg M, Murphy R, Click J, Soistman E, Wilkerson L, Carter DC: Structural studies of several clinically important oncology drugs in complex with human serum albumin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Dec;1830(12):5356-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 6. [Article]

Transporters

Details1. P-glycoprotein 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Li D, Jang SH, Kim J, Wientjes MG, Au JL: Enhanced drug-induced apoptosis associated with P-glycoprotein overexpression is specific to antimicrotubule agents. Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;20(1):45-50. [Article]
Details2. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Ma Y, Wink M: The beta-carboline alkaloid harmine inhibits BCRP and can reverse resistance to the anticancer drugs mitoxantrone and camptothecin in breast cancer cells. Phytother Res. 2010 Jan;24(1):146-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2860. [Article]

Drug created at September 11, 2007 17:49 / Updated at January 07, 2021 03:11