NAV

Ataluren

Identification

Summary

Ataluren is a medication used for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Brand Names
Translarna
Generic Name
Ataluren
DrugBank Accession Number
DB05016
Background

Ataluren is a novel, orally administered drug that targets nonsense mutations. Ataluren is approved for use by the European Medicines Agency to treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in patients aged 5 years and older who are able to walk. More specifically, ataluren is used in the small group of patients whose disease is caused by a specific genetic defect (called a ‘nonsense mutation’) in the dystrophin gene.

This drug does not yet have approval by the US Food and Drug Administration or by Health Canada for any indications.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 284.242
Monoisotopic: 284.059720369
Chemical Formula
C15H9FN2O3
Synonyms
  • 3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzoic acid
  • Ataluren
External IDs
  • PTC 124
  • PTC-124
  • PTC124
Poor quality drug data slowing you down?
Unlock 38% more drug discovery time and eliminate decision-making doubts with this one-stop guide to quality drug data.
Download eBook
Poor quality drug data slowing you down?
Download eBook

Pharmacology

Indication

Ataluren is approved for use by the European Medicines Agency to treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in patients aged 5 years and older who are able to walk. More specifically, ataluren is used in the small group of patients whose disease is caused by a specific genetic defect (called a ‘nonsense mutation’) in the dystrophin gene.

Reduce drug development failure rates
Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.
See how
Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.
See how
Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofDuchenne muscular dystrophy••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today
Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.
Learn more
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
Learn more
Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Ataluren enables ribosomal readthrough of mRNA containing premature stop codons that otherwise would result in premature termination of protein chains. Use of ataluren allows cellular machinery to bypass nonsense mutations in genetic material, continue the translation process, and thereby restore the production of a full-length, functional protein.

The research on the effects of Ataluren on the translation and stability of nonsense-containing mRNA in vitor show that Ataluren promoted readthrough at each of the nonsense codons, showing maximal activity with UGA, while having no effect on mRNA levels. Unlike the stable cell line assays, Ataluren did not discriminate significantly between the UAG and UAA mRNAs. Ataluren was a more potent nonsense-suppressing agent than gentamicin, and exhibited 4- to 15-fold stimulation of in vitro readthrough relative to the controls at levels similar to those in the stable cell reporter assays. These results indicate that Ataluren modulates termination efficiency at premature nonsense codons.

Absorption

Peak plasma levels of ataluren are attained approximately 1.5 hours after dosing in subjects who received medicinal product within 30 minutes of a meal 6.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Ataluren is 99.6% bound to human plasma proteins and the binding is independent of plasma concentration. Ataluren does not distribute into red blood cells 6.

Metabolism

Ataluren is metabolized by conjugation via uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, predominantly UGT1A9 in liver and intestine. In vivo, the only metabolite detected in plasma after oral administration of radio-labelled ataluren was the ataluren-O-1β-acyl glucuronide; exposure to this metabolite in humans was approximately 8% of the plasma AUC of ataluren 6.

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

After a single oral dose of radiolabeled ataluren, approximately half of the administered radioactive dose is recovered in the faeces and the remainder was recovered in the urine. In the urine, unchanged ataluren and the acyl glucuronide metabolite account for less than 1% and 49%, respectively, of the administered dose 6.

Half-life

Ataluren plasma half-life ranges from 2-6 hours and is unaffected either by dose or repeated administration 6.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomes
With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!
See the data
Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
See a data sample
Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software
AcamprosateThe excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Ataluren.
AcyclovirThe excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Ataluren.
Adefovir dipivoxilThe excretion of Adefovir dipivoxil can be decreased when combined with Ataluren.
AllopurinolThe excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Ataluren.
AmbrisentanThe excretion of Ambrisentan can be decreased when combined with Ataluren.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions
Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
Access now
Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
Access now
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
TranslarnaGranule250 mgOralPtc Therapeutics2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
TranslarnaGranule125 mgOralPtc Therapeutics2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
TranslarnaGranule1000 mgOralPtc Therapeutics2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag

Categories

ATC Codes
M09AX03 — Ataluren
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenyloxadiazoles. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring through a CC or CN bond.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Azoles
Sub Class
Oxadiazoles
Direct Parent
Phenyloxadiazoles
Alternative Parents
Benzoic acids / Benzoyl derivatives / Fluorobenzenes / Aryl fluorides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Oxacyclic compounds / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds
show 5 more
Substituents
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Benzoic acid / Benzoic acid or derivatives / Benzoyl / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative
show 16 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
K16AME9I3V
CAS number
775304-57-9
InChI Key
OOUGLTULBSNHNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H9FN2O3/c16-12-7-2-1-6-11(12)14-17-13(18-21-14)9-4-3-5-10(8-9)15(19)20/h1-8H,(H,19,20)
IUPAC Name
3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzoic acid
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(=C1)C1=NOC(=N1)C1=CC=CC=C1F

References

General References
  1. Welch EM, Barton ER, Zhuo J, Tomizawa Y, Friesen WJ, Trifillis P, Paushkin S, Patel M, Trotta CR, Hwang S, Wilde RG, Karp G, Takasugi J, Chen G, Jones S, Ren H, Moon YC, Corson D, Turpoff AA, Campbell JA, Conn MM, Khan A, Almstead NG, Hedrick J, Mollin A, Risher N, Weetall M, Yeh S, Branstrom AA, Colacino JM, Babiak J, Ju WD, Hirawat S, Northcutt VJ, Miller LL, Spatrick P, He F, Kawana M, Feng H, Jacobson A, Peltz SW, Sweeney HL: PTC124 targets genetic disorders caused by nonsense mutations. Nature. 2007 May 3;447(7140):87-91. Epub 2007 Apr 22. [Article]
  2. Hirawat S, Welch EM, Elfring GL, Northcutt VJ, Paushkin S, Hwang S, Leonard EM, Almstead NG, Ju W, Peltz SW, Miller LL: Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PTC124, a nonaminoglycoside nonsense mutation suppressor, following single- and multiple-dose administration to healthy male and female adult volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;47(4):430-44. [Article]
  3. Hamed SA: Drug evaluation: PTC-124--a potential treatment of cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. IDrugs. 2006 Nov;9(11):783-9. [Article]
  4. Roy B, Friesen WJ, Tomizawa Y, Leszyk JD, Zhuo J, Johnson B, Dakka J, Trotta CR, Xue X, Mutyam V, Keeling KM, Mobley JA, Rowe SM, Bedwell DM, Welch EM, Jacobson A: Ataluren stimulates ribosomal selection of near-cognate tRNAs to promote nonsense suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Nov 1;113(44):12508-12513. Epub 2016 Oct 4. [Article]
  5. Siddiqui N, Sonenberg N: Proposing a mechanism of action for ataluren. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Nov 1;113(44):12353-12355. Epub 2016 Oct 19. [Article]
  6. EMA Product Label [Link]
KEGG Drug
D09323
PubChem Compound
11219835
PubChem Substance
175426931
ChemSpider
9394889
ChEBI
94805
ChEMBL
CHEMBL256997
ZINC
ZINC000013831791
PharmGKB
PA166151864
PDBe Ligand
JBF
Wikipedia
Ataluren
PDB Entries
7erb

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentCystic Fibrosis (CF)2
3CompletedTreatmentBecker's Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) / Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) / Dystrophinopathies1
3CompletedTreatmentCystic Fibrosis (CF)3
3CompletedTreatmentDiseases of the Nervous System / Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) / Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Muscular Disorders, Atrophic / Musculoskeletal Disorders / Neuromuscular Disorders / X-linked chromosomal disorder2
3Enrolling by InvitationTreatmentDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
GranuleOral1000 mg
GranuleOral125 mg
GranuleOral250 mg
Granule, for suspensionOral1000 MG
Granule, for suspensionOral125 MG
Granule, for suspensionOral250 MG
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.117 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.96ALOGPS
logP3.92Chemaxon
logS-3.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.9Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.6Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area76.22 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity94.66 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability27.66 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9681
Caco-2 permeable-0.5391
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.8144
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8905
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9784
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9401
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8214
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8367
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.661
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.7977
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7856
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.885
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.5857
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8332
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5533
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7057
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7693
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9828
Rat acute toxicity2.3907 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.997
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8984
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0090000000-2a17d4248cc1b9c79f50
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0090000000-6cc8235f953fb03d7c44
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kr-0090000000-52aff25cfcee50ea3ff7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001r-0090000000-2e8edc06d6e274640815
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-02tc-1090000000-108fdf59abf4a1b33324
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kv-0920000000-fadbcf9c0b28c99664d1
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-162.53256
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+164.89058
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+171.36418
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Enzymes

Details1. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
Gene Name
UGT1A9
Uniprot ID
O60656
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
Molecular Weight
59940.495 Da
References
  1. Kong R, Laskin OL, Kaushik D, Jin F, Ma J, McIntosh J, Souza M, Almstead N: Ataluren Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Japanese and Caucasian Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019 Feb;8(2):172-178. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.645. Epub 2019 Jan 10. [Article]
  2. EMA Product Label [Link]
Details2. Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. EMA Product Label [Link]
Details3. Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. EMA Product Label [Link]
Details4. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
Gene Name
SLCO1B3
Uniprot ID
Q9NPD5
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
Molecular Weight
77402.175 Da
References
  1. EMA Product Label [Link]

Drug created at October 21, 2007 22:23 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:51