Iodine
Identification
- Summary
Iodine is an ingredient of nutritional supplements that is also used for disinfection.
- Brand Names
- Sclerodine, Vitafol-one, Xylocaine With Epinephrine
- Generic Name
- Iodine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB05382
- Background
Iodine is commonly used as an antiseptic for minor cuts and abrasions, preventing infections that may result from contaminated wounds. Additionally, iodine has been studied in the treatment of fibrocystic disease and breast cancer.1,2,3,4
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 253.8089
Monoisotopic: 253.80893684 - Chemical Formula
- I2
- Synonyms
- diiodine
- I2
- Iodine
- iodo
- Jod
- molecular iodine
- External IDs
- NSC-42355
Pharmacology
- Indication
Investigated for use/treatment in breast disorders (unspecified) and pain (acute or chronic).
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Prophylaxis of Infection in minor cuts, scrapes, or burns ••• ••• •••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Molecular iodine is known to inhibit the induction and promotion of N-methyl-n-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, to regress 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced breast tumors in rats.It has also been shown to have beneficial effects in fibrocystic human breast disease.
Target Actions Organism ASodium/iodide cotransporter substrateHumans AMicrobial proteins unknown- Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Avoid goitrogenic foods. These include soy, cassava, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and other cruciferous vegetables.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- International/Other Brands
- IoGen
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Lugols Solution Liquid 0.4 g/1g Topical Gordon Laboratories 2010-02-01 Not applicable US Lugols Solution Solution 1 g/5g Transdermal PURTEX INC 2017-01-27 Not applicable US Sky-Living Water MT Activition Liquid Liquid 2.5 g/100mL Oral Wings Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. 2015-10-15 Not applicable US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Alphadine Scrub Solution 7.5 mg/100mL Topical Ecolab Inc. 2000-02-05 2018-01-17 US Colloidal Iodine Solution 2 g/100mL Topical JCI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2014-08-27 Not applicable US Colloidal Iodine Ophthalmic Solution 0.1 g/100mL Topical JCI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2014-08-27 Not applicable US Colloidal Iodine Solution Solution 2 g/100mL Oral JCI Colloidal Iodine Laboratory Co., Ltd. 2023-05-18 Not applicable US Colloidal Iodineinjection Solution 2 g/100mL Subcutaneous JCI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2019-09-14 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 3M DURAPREP® SURGICAL SOLUTION Iodine (0.12 % v/v) + Isopropyl alcohol (60.61 % v/v) Solution Topical 3M COLOMBIA S.A. 2006-11-10 2015-08-03 Colombia Adult Formula 50+ Iodine (0.15 mg) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg) + Beta carotene (3000 unit) + Biotin (30 mcg) + Calcium (220 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Chromium (10 mcg) + Copper (2 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Folic acid (0.4 mg) + Magnesium (100 mg) + Manganese (2.5 mg) + Molybdenum (10 mcg) + Nicotinamide (20 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (20 mg) + Potassium (37.5 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (6 mg) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg) + Selenium (10 mcg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4.5 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (3000 unit) + Zinc (15 mg) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (60 unit) Tablet Oral Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 2002-04-25 2009-09-28 Canada Alkadrenergy Tablets Iodine (0.1 mg) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg) + Beta carotene (2500 unit) + Biotin (150 mcg) + Calcium (50 mg) + Choline (100 mg) + Chromic chloride (5 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (45 mcg) + Folic acid (0.2 mg) + Inositol (25 mg) + Magnesium (50 mg) + Manganese (0.5 mg) + Molybdenum (3 mcg) + Nicotinamide (40 mg) + Pantothenic acid (15 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (6.25 mg) + Riboflavin (6.25 mg) + Sodium selenite (37.5 mcg) + Thiamine (6.25 mg) + Zinc (9 mg) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (15 unit) Tablet Oral Morter Healthsystem Not applicable Not applicable Canada Anaplex Tab Iodine (.05 mg / tab) + Ascorbic acid (40 mg / tab) + Calcium (160 mg / tab) + Magnesium oxide (50 mg / tab) + Nicotinamide (30 mg / tab) + Calcium pantothenate (15 mg / tab) + Phosphorus (75.33 mg / tab) + Potassium chloride (20 mg / tab) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (40 mg / tab) + Vitamin A palmitate (2000 unit / tab) + Vitamin D (133.33 unit / tab) Tablet Oral Anabolic Laboratories Inc. 1975-12-31 1996-10-02 Canada B.E.T. Complex Iodine (0.15 mg) + Beta carotene (1250 unit) + Calcium ascorbate (75 mg) + Chromium (400 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (100 mcg) + Folic acid (0.2 mg) + Magnesium (200 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Nicotinamide (35 mg) + Sodium metavanadate (75 mcg) + Ubidecarenone (10 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (1250 unit) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (50 unit) Tablet Oral Abundance Naturally Ltd 2000-12-06 2004-06-30 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bal-Care DHA Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (430 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Pru Gen Pharmaceuticals 2012-05-01 Not applicable US Bal-Care DHA Essential Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (374 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Pru Gen Pharmaceuticals 2012-05-01 Not applicable US Cavan Alpha Iodine (220 ug/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (27 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-07-01 2013-09-30 US CitraNatal Assure Iodine (150 ug/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Copper (2 mg/1) + Doconexent (300 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (0.75 mg/1) + Iron (35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) + Zinc (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Mission Pharmacal 2008-11-19 Not applicable US CitraNatal Assure Iodine (150 ug/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (124 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Copper (2 mg/1) + Doconexent (300 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (0.75 mg/1) + Iron (35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) + Zinc (25 mg/1) Capsule; Kit; Tablet, coated Oral Mission Pharmacal Company 2014-04-30 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- D08AG03 — Iodine
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous halogens. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom is a nobel gas.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous non-metal compounds
- Class
- Homogeneous halogens
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Homogeneous halogens
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Homogeneous halogen
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- diatomic iodine (CHEBI:17606) / an inorganic compound (IODINE-MOLECULE)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 9679TC07X4
- CAS number
- 7553-56-2
- InChI Key
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/I2/c1-2
- IUPAC Name
- diiodine
- SMILES
- II
References
- General References
- Shrivastava A, Tiwari M, Sinha RA, Kumar A, Balapure AK, Bajpai VK, Sharma R, Mitra K, Tandon A, Godbole MM: Molecular iodine induces caspase-independent apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells involving the mitochondria-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 14;281(28):19762-71. Epub 2006 May 5. [Article]
- Moreno-Vega A, Vega-Riveroll L, Ayala T, Peralta G, Torres-Martel JM, Rojas J, Mondragon P, Dominguez A, De Obaldia R, Avecilla-Guerrero C, Anguiano B, Delgado-Gonzalez E, Zambrano-Estrada X, Cuenca-Mico O, De La Puente Flores O, Varela-Echavarria A, Aceves C: Adjuvant Effect of Molecular Iodine in Conventional Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. Randomized Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 17;11(7). pii: nu11071623. doi: 10.3390/nu11071623. [Article]
- Stoddard FR 2nd, Brooks AD, Eskin BA, Johannes GJ: Iodine alters gene expression in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line: evidence for an anti-estrogen effect of iodine. Int J Med Sci. 2008 Jul 8;5(4):189-96. doi: 10.7150/ijms.5.189. [Article]
- Rappaport J: Changes in Dietary Iodine Explains Increasing Incidence of Breast Cancer with Distant Involvement in Young Women. J Cancer. 2017 Jan 13;8(2):174-177. doi: 10.7150/jca.17835. eCollection 2017. [Article]
- McDonnell G, Russell AD: Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79. [Article]
- DailyMed: CVS Iodine [Link]
- Drugs.com: Iodine tincture information [Link]
- Mayo Clinic: Topical iodine side effects [Link]
- NIH Statpearls: Physiology, thyroid hormone [Link]
- NIH StatPearls: Skin (integument) antiseptics [Link]
- External Links
- PDB Entries
- 4r1t / 6pkg / 6uio
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Diagnostic Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) / Coronary Stenosis 1 4 Completed Prevention Transient Hypothyroxinemia 1 4 Recruiting Prevention Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty / Total Knee Arthroplasty With Exchange of at Least One Prosthetic Component 1 4 Recruiting Prevention Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Nutrition Disorder, Fetal / Pregnancy Related 1 4 Recruiting Treatment Hyperthyroidism, Autoimmune 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Solution Topical 7.5 mg/100mL Rinse Oral 6.8 % Capsule; kit; tablet, coated Oral Kit Oral Solution Topical 0.1 g/100mL Solution Oral 2 g/100mL Solution Subcutaneous 2 g/100mL Kit Topical Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tablet Oral Liquid Topical .75 % Liquid Oral Spray Nasal Spray Nasal 0.9 mg/100mL Tablet Oral .15 mg / tab Solution Topical Tablet Oral 0.15 mg / tab Strip Topical 5 % Tincture Topical 20 mg/1mL Tablet Oral 3 mg Spray Topical Tincture Topical Solution / drops Topical 20 mg/1mL Ointment Solution Topical 7 %/5% Solution Topical Solution Oral Liquid Topical 20 mg/1mL Solution Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous Injection Intracavitary; Intravascular Injection, solution Intrathecal; Intravascular 300 MG/ML Injection 300 MG/ml Injection 370 MG/ml Insert Vaginal 20 mg Syrup Oral Solution Topical 2 g/100mL Injection, solution Intra-arterial; Intravenous Tablet Oral .3 mg / tab Tablet Oral 150 mcg Injection Intramuscular Liquid Oral .15 mg / .04 mL Liquid Topical 0.4 g/1g Solution Transdermal 1 g/5g Solution Oral 350 mg Tablet Oral Solution Intravascular Solution Ophthalmic; Topical 5 mg Liquid Topical 1 % Aerosol, spray Topical 0.1 g/1g Capsule, coated Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Solution Topical 1 g Injection, solution; kit; solution Infiltration; Perineural; Topical Liquid Topical Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Liquid Intravenous Liquid Oral 2.5 g/100mL Solution / drops Oral Tablet, extended release Oral Liquid Topical 5 % Powder, for solution Oral Capsule Oral Injection, solution Intrathecal; Intravascular 240 mg/ml Injection, solution Intrathecal; Intravascular 370 mg/ml Tablet Liquid Vaginal 1 % Tablet, coated Oral Capsule, liquid filled; kit Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Injection, solution Intravascular Solution - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP 1.36 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 26.68 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 10.18 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9789 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9786 Caco-2 permeable + 0.6632 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8984 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9714 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9923 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.921 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8498 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7906 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7855 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.615 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.812 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8992 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8566 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9008 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8954 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8029 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.7427 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.7303 Rat acute toxicity 3.0004 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9452 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.971
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 125.24487 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 127.14041 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 135.56676 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Mediates iodide uptake in the thyroid gland.
- Specific Function
- Iodide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC5A5
- Uniprot ID
- Q92911
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium/iodide cotransporter
- Molecular Weight
- 68665.63 Da
References
References
- NIH StatPearls: Skin (integument) antiseptics [Link]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Peroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Iodination and coupling of the hormonogenic tyrosines in thyroglobulin to yield the thyroid hormones T(3) and T(4).
- Gene Name
- TPO
- Uniprot ID
- P07202
- Uniprot Name
- Thyroid peroxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 102961.63 Da
References
- Magnusson RP, Taurog A, Dorris ML: Mechanisms of thyroid peroxidase- and lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reactions involving iodide. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 25;259(22):13783-90. [Article]
- Fragu P: [Peroxidase and human thyroid hormone synthesis disorders (author's transl)]. Sem Hop. 1981 Jun 8-15;57(21-24):1130-8. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Acland JD: The interpretation of the serum protein-bound iodine: A review. J Clin Pathol. 1971 Apr;24(3):187-218. doi: 10.1136/jcp.24.3.187. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Acts as a substrate for the production of iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (PubMed:17532758). The synthesis of T3 and T4 involves iodination of selected tyrosine residues of TG/thyroglobulin followed by their oxidative coupling in the thyroid follicle lumen (By similarity). Following TG re-internalization and lysosomal-mediated proteolysis, T3 and T4 are released from the polypeptide backbone leading to their secretion into the bloodstream (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- Hormone activity
- Gene Name
- TG
- Uniprot ID
- P01266
- Uniprot Name
- Thyroglobulin
- Molecular Weight
- 304787.525 Da
References
- Acland JD: The interpretation of the serum protein-bound iodine: A review. J Clin Pathol. 1971 Apr;24(3):187-218. doi: 10.1136/jcp.24.3.187. [Article]
- Ma ZF, Skeaff SA: Thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine deficiency: a review. Thyroid. 2014 Aug;24(8):1195-209. doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0052. Epub 2014 Jun 12. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Mediates iodide uptake in the thyroid gland.
- Specific Function
- Iodide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC5A5
- Uniprot ID
- Q92911
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium/iodide cotransporter
- Molecular Weight
- 68665.63 Da
References
- Pesce L, Kopp P: Iodide transport: implications for health and disease. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;2014(1):8. doi: 10.1186/1687-9856-2014-8. Epub 2014 May 30. [Article]
- Hingorani M, Spitzweg C, Vassaux G, Newbold K, Melcher A, Pandha H, Vile R, Harrington K: The biology of the sodium iodide symporter and its potential for targeted gene delivery. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2010 Mar;10(2):242-67. doi: 10.2174/156800910791054194. [Article]
Drug created at November 18, 2007 18:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55