NAV

Sodium stibogluconate

Identification

Generic Name
Sodium stibogluconate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB05630
Background

Sodium stibogluconate is a medicine used to treat leishmaniasis and is only available for administration by injection. It belongs to the class of medicines known as the pentavalent antimonials. Sodium stibogluconate is sold in the UK as Pentostam (manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline). Widespread resistance has limited the utility of sodium stibogluconate, and in many parts of the world, amphotericin or miltefosine are used instead. It is also being investigated as an anti-tumor agent.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 907.88
Monoisotopic: 905.918601405
Chemical Formula
C12H35Na3O26Sb2
Synonyms
  • Antimony (V) derivative of sodium gluconate
  • Antimony sodium gluconate
  • Estibogluconato sodico
  • Myostibin
  • Natrii stibogluconas
  • Sodium stibogluconate
  • Stibanate
  • Stibanose
  • Stibatin
  • Stibinol
  • Stibogluconate de sodium
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Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of various types of a protozoal infection called leishmaniasis, which may result from sandfly bites in tropical and temperate parts of the world. Also investigated for use/treatment in cancer/tumors (unspecified) and solid tumors.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofLeishmaniasis•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Treatment ofMucocutaneous leishmaniasis•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Treatment ofVisceral leishmaniasis•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

The mode of action of sodium stibogluconate is not clearly understood. In vitro exposure of amastigotes to 500 mg pentavalent antimony/ml results in a greater than 50% decrease in parasite DNA, RNA protein and purine nucleoside triphosphate levels. It has been postulated that the reduction in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate) synthesis contributes to decreased macromolecular synthesis.

Mechanism of action

Sodium stibogluconate directly inhibits DNA topoisomerase I leading to inhibition of both DNA replication and transcription.

TargetActionsOrganism
ADNA topoisomerase 1
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The main symptoms of antimony overdosage are gastro-intestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting and severe diarrhoea). Haemorrhagic nephritis and hepatitis may also occur.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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International/Other Brands
Pentostam (GlaxoSmithKline)

Categories

ATC Codes
P01CB02 — Sodium stibogluconate
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Secondary alcohols / Organic antimony salts / Carboxylic acid salts / Oxacyclic compounds / Metalloheterocyclic compounds / Carboxylic acids / Primary alcohols / Organic zwitterions / Organic sodium salts / Organic oxides
show 2 more
Substituents
Alcohol / Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid salt / Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives / Hydrocarbon derivative / Metalloheterocycle / Organic alkali metal salt / Organic antimony salt
show 12 more
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
D-gluconate adduct (CHEBI:28148)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
  • Protozoa

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
APJ6285Y89
CAS number
16037-91-5
InChI Key
YQDGWZZYGYKDLR-UZVLBLASSA-K
InChI
InChI=1S/2C6H9O7.3Na.10H2O.2O.2Sb/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h2*2-5,7-8H,1H2,(H,12,13);;;;10*1H2;;;;/q2*-3;3*+1;;;;;;;;;;;;-1;+3;+4/p-3/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/m11................./s1
IUPAC Name
trisodium (3R,4S,5R)-1-{[(3R,4S,5R)-3-carboxylato-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-1-oxido-2,6,7-trioxa-1-stibabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl]oxy}-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-1-hydroxy-2,6,7-trioxa-1-stibabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-carboxylate nonahydrate
SMILES
O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[H][C@@]1(O[Sb]2(O)(O[Sb]34([O-])O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@]([H])(O3)[C@]([H])(O4)[C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@]1([H])O2)[C@H](O)CO

References

General References
  1. Murray HW, Berman JD, Davies CR, Saravia NG: Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet. 2005 Oct 29-Nov 4;366(9496):1561-77. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB15617
KEGG Drug
D00582
PubChem Compound
56927674
PubChem Substance
99443233
ChemSpider
27471272
RxNav
8010
ChEBI
28148
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2079699
Therapeutic Targets Database
DCL000001
PharmGKB
PA164743129
Wikipedia
Sodium_stibogluconate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentCutaneous Leishmaniasis1
3CompletedTreatmentVisceral Leishmaniasis2
3RecruitingTreatmentCutaneous Leishmaniasis1
2CompletedTreatmentCutaneous Leishmaniasis2
2CompletedTreatmentLeishmaniasis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous100 mg/ml
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility68.4 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.08ALOGPS
logP-3.4Chemaxon
logS-1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.29Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count17Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area269.08 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count8Chemaxon
Refractivity96.29 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability39.78 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption-0.9877
Blood Brain Barrier+0.7918
Caco-2 permeable-0.6847
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.5879
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.7637
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9641
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8876
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8656
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8282
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.5946
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8279
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8578
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8796
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.79
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.937
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9436
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.72
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8598
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.5984
Rat acute toxicity2.4267 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8894
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7668
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Targets

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Details1. DNA topoisomerase 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Poly(a) rna binding
Specific Function
Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a singl...
Gene Name
TOP1
Uniprot ID
P11387
Uniprot Name
DNA topoisomerase 1
Molecular Weight
90725.19 Da
References
  1. Walker J, Saravia NG: Inhibition of Leishmania donovani promastigote DNA topoisomerase I and human monocyte DNA topoisomerases I and II by antimonial drugs and classical antitopoisomerase agents. J Parasitol. 2004 Oct;90(5):1155-62. [Article]
  2. Chakraborty AK, Majumder HK: Mode of action of pentavalent antimonials: specific inhibition of type I DNA topoisomerase of Leishmania donovani. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Apr 29;152(2):605-11. [Article]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]

Drug created at November 18, 2007 18:26 / Updated at June 12, 2020 17:41