NAV

Lonidamine

This drug entry is a stub and has not been fully annotated. It is scheduled to be annotated soon.

Identification

Generic Name
Lonidamine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06266
Background

Lonidamine (LND) is a drug that interferes with energy metabolism of cancer cells, principally inhibiting aerobic glycolytic activity, by its effect on mitochondrially-bound hexokinase (HK). In such way LND could impair energy-requiring processes, as recovery from potentially lethal damage, induced by radiation treatment and by some cytotoxic drugs.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Investigational
Structure
3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 321.158
Monoisotopic: 320.011932988
Chemical Formula
C15H10Cl2N2O2
Synonyms
  • 1-(2,4-dichlorbenzyl)-indazole-3-carboxylic acid
  • DICA
  • diclondazolic acid
  • Doridamina
  • Lonidamin
  • lonidamina
  • Lonidamine
  • lonidaminum
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Pharmacology

Indication

Investigated for use/treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate disorders, and cancer/tumors (unspecified).

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Lonidamine is an orally administered small molecule that inhibits glycolysis by the inactivation of hexokinase. Hexokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes glucose, the first step in glycolysis. The inhibition of hexokinase by lonidamine is well established. In addition, there is evidence that lonidamine may increase programmed cell death. This stems from the observation that mitochondria and mitochondria-bound hexokinase are crucial for induction of apoptosis; agents that directly effect mitochondria may, therefore, trigger apoptosis. Indeed, in vitro models with lonidamine exhibit the hallmarks of apoptosis, including mitochondrial membrane depolarization, release of cytochrome C, phosphatidylserine externalization, and DNA fragmentation. [PMID: 16986057]

TargetActionsOrganism
UCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorNot AvailableHumans
UHexokinase-1Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
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interactions in your software
AbciximabThe therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Lonidamine.
AcenocoumarolThe therapeutic efficacy of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when used in combination with Lonidamine.
AcetaminophenThe metabolism of Lonidamine can be increased when combined with Acetaminophen.
AcetazolamideThe metabolism of Lonidamine can be increased when combined with Acetazolamide.
AcetohexamideThe therapeutic efficacy of Acetohexamide can be decreased when used in combination with Lonidamine.
Food Interactions
Not Available

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Categories

ATC Codes
L01XX07 — Lonidamine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indazoles. These are compounds containing an indazole, which is structurally characterized by a pyrazole fused to a benzene.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Benzopyrazoles
Sub Class
Indazoles
Direct Parent
Indazoles
Alternative Parents
Pyrazole carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dichlorobenzenes / Aryl chlorides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds
show 3 more
Substituents
1,3-dichlorobenzene / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid / Benzopyrazole / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative
show 18 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
monocarboxylic acid, dichlorobenzene, indazoles (CHEBI:50138)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
U78804BIDR
CAS number
50264-69-2
InChI Key
WDRYRZXSPDWGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H10Cl2N2O2/c16-10-6-5-9(12(17)7-10)8-19-13-4-2-1-3-11(13)14(18-19)15(20)21/h1-7H,8H2,(H,20,21)
IUPAC Name
1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=NN(CC2=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C2)C2=C1C=CC=C2

References

General References
  1. Carapella CM, Paggi MG, Calvosa F, Cattani F, Jandolo B, Mastrostefano R, Raus L, Riccio A: Lonidamine in the combined treatment of malignant gliomas. A randomized study. J Neurosurg Sci. 1990 Jul-Dec;34(3-4):261-4. [Article]
  2. Brawer MK: Lonidamine: basic science and rationale for treatment of prostatic proliferative disorders. Rev Urol. 2005;7 Suppl 7:S21-6. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D07257
PubChem Compound
39562
ChemSpider
36170
BindingDB
59775
ChEBI
50138
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1257030
ZINC
ZINC000000001632
Wikipedia
Lonidamine

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3TerminatedTreatmentBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) / Enlarged Prostate1
2TerminatedTreatmentBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)207 °CPhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00904 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.9ALOGPS
logP4.4Chemaxon
logS-4.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.12Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.5Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area55.12 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity92.4 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability30.34 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9547
Caco-2 permeable+0.5242
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.7804
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9191
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.5
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.5803
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7304
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8372
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.5083
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9031
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.907
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.923
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9026
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8309
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9133
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8144
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9966
Rat acute toxicity2.2451 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9221
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8407
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0pb9-0907000000-8c1504c16c85b7a25213
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-3900000000-5f778f763f3c6e93fd1e
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0pb9-0907000000-8c1504c16c85b7a25213
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0bt9-2900000000-7658029adb35b1dd05c8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0009000000-6caa0c3491a5c925177f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00or-0094000000-6cbf419ff764c5ebaddb
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0219000000-992a978a415aa1e367ff
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0091000000-4e43775818a9e10df8b3
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0490000000-6f999321a69b123c40b1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ff0-4900000000-67ab8931fcf2d9682836
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-164.89272
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+167.2507
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+173.34386
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Details1. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Pdz domain binding
Specific Function
Involved in the transport of chloride ions. May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the SLC4A7 transporter. Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO...
Gene Name
CFTR
Uniprot ID
P13569
Uniprot Name
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Molecular Weight
168139.895 Da
References
  1. Sommer D, Bogdan R, Berger J, Peters DM, Morty RE, Clauss WG, Fronius M: CFTR-dependent Cl- secretion in Xenopus laevis lung epithelium. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2007 Aug 15;158(1):97-106. Epub 2007 Apr 5. [Article]
Details2. Hexokinase-1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Mannokinase activity
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
HK1
Uniprot ID
P19367
Uniprot Name
Hexokinase-1
Molecular Weight
102485.1 Da
References
  1. Brawer MK: Lonidamine: basic science and rationale for treatment of prostatic proliferative disorders. Rev Urol. 2005;7 Suppl 7:S21-6. [Article]

Drug created at March 19, 2008 16:20 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:52