Simeprevir
Identification
- Summary
Simeprevir is a direct-acting antiviral agent that inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults with HCV genotype 1 or 4.
- Generic Name
- Simeprevir
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB06290
- Background
Simeprevir is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor indicated in patient's with HCV genotype 1 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients 7. Like all NS3/4A inhibitors, simeprevir is a serine protease inhibitor in similarity to Boceprevir and Telaprevir but is classified as a second generation protease inhibitor. This class of antiviral drugs were the first direct acting antivirals approved but are associated with lower cure rates than newer drugs. Broad use of simeprevir occurred when it was used in combination with a newer drug, Sofosbuvir. Inhibiting HCV NS3/4A protease in a potent and highly specific manner, simeprevir is a direct-acting antiviral agent against the hepatitis C virus. Since the viral protease NS3/4A complex is essential for cleaving the HCV encoded polyprotein into individual viral proteins facilitating replication 4, the drug blocks the viral replication process. It is shown to display synergistic effects with interferon-α and HCV NS5B inhibitor, and additive effects with ribavirin in HCV replicon cells 2. Unlike first generation serine protease inhibitors, simprevir has a sightly different resistance profile where limited therapeutic efficacy of the drug is observed with NS3 Q80K polymorphic variants and simeprevir-specific amino acid position of 168 also results in higher treatment failure rates 3. The observed prevalence of the N3 Q80K polymorphism was 30% in subjects infected with HCV genotype 1a and 0.5% in subjects infected with HCV genotype 1b 3.
According to 2017 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and 2015 consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL), simeprevir can be used as first-line or second-line threapies for treatment-naïve patients as adjunct to sofosbuvir treatment for genotype 1 or PEG-Interferon/ribavirin combination therapy for genotype 1 or 4. The combination therapy of simeprevir and other antiviral agents are initiated in HCV-positive patients with the intent to cure, or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), after 12 weeks of daily therapy. SVR and eradication of HCV infection is associated with significant long-term health benefits including reduced liver-related damage, improved quality of life, reduced incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and reduced all-cause mortality 6.
Simeprevir was approved by the FDA in November 2014 and is marketed under the brand name Olysio as oral tablets. Administered once daily with food, 150mg simeprevir capsule is used in combination with Sofosbuvir in patients with HCV genotype 1 without cirrhosis for 12 week duration. In patients with HCV genotype 1 with compensated cirrhosis, the treatment is directed for 24 week duration. Sustained virologic response 12 weeks after planned end of treatment (SVR12) was achieved in 170/176 (97%) subjects without cirrhosis treated with 12 weeks simeprevir in combination with sofosbuvir (FDA Label). The overall SVR12 was 88% (44/50) in treatment-naïve patients with cirrhosis 7.
Simeprevir is also used in treatment of HCV genotype 4 patients with or without cirrhosis and is taken with Peginterferon alfa-2a and Ribavirin; this triple therapy allows shortening treatment duration from 48 weeks or longer to 12 or 24 weeks 3 depending on prior response status and presence of HIV-1 co-infection. Prior to initiation of treatment with Peginterferon alfa-2a and Ribavirin, screening for the presence of virus with the NS3 Q80K polymorphism is strongly recommended and if detected, alternative treatment should be considered instead to prevent therapeutic failure. The SVR12 was 83% (29/35) in treatment-naïve patients and 86% (19/22) in relapsing patients.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 749.939
Monoisotopic: 749.291690263 - Chemical Formula
- C38H47N5O7S2
- Synonyms
- Simeprevir
- External IDs
- TMC 435
- TMC 435350
- TMC-435
- TMC-435350
- TMC435
Pharmacology
- Indication
Indicated for the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: typically in combination with sofosbuvir in patients with HCV genotype 1 without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis and in combination with peginterferon alfa (Peg-IFN-alfa) and ribavirin (RBV) in patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4 without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.
Resistance: Reduced susceptibility to simeprevir was most commonly associated with the viral NS3 Q80K polymorphism. Amino acid substitutions at NS3 positions S122, R155 and/or D168 are also shown to reduce susceptibility to simeprevir in genotype 1a/b patients.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Chronic hepatitis c genotype 1 Regimen in combination with: Sofosbuvir (DB08934) •••••••••••• Used in combination to treat Chronic hepatitis c genotype 1 Regimen in combination with: Peginterferon alfa-2b (DB00022), Ribavirin (DB00811) •••••••••••• Used in combination to treat Chronic hepatitis c genotype 1 Regimen in combination with: Peginterferon alfa-2a (DB00008), Ribavirin (DB00811) •••••••••••• Used in combination to treat Chronic hepatitis c genotype 4 Regimen in combination with: Ribavirin (DB00811), Peginterferon alfa-2b (DB00022) •••••••••••• Used in combination to treat Chronic hepatitis c genotype 4 Regimen in combination with: Peginterferon alfa-2a (DB00008), Ribavirin (DB00811) •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Simeprevir is a direct-acting antiviral agent and inhibitor for HCV NS3/4A protease, which is an important enzyme required for viral replication. Unlike Boceprevir and Telaprevir, simeprevir is a competitive, reversible, macrocyclic, noncovalent inhibitor. The macromolecular cyclic portion of the molecule improves the affnity and selectivity characteristics, which allows rapid association and slow dissociation to the protein target through noncovalent binding 3.
- Mechanism of action
Simeprevir is accumulated in the liver after uptake into hepatocytes via OATP1B1/3. NS3/4A heterodimeric complex is composed of the cofactor N4A subunit and N3 subunit which contains the proteolytic site. The NS3/4A protease cleaves the HCV polyprotein downstream of the NS3 site, generating non-structural viral proteins NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B and subsequently formation of mature proteins 3,4. Simeprevir exerts an inhibitory action on HCV polyprotein cleavage via induced-fit binding to an extended S2 subsite located in the NS3 catalytic site 5. NS3/4A inhibitors usually depend on few interactions located in the substrate binding groove of the viral serine protease, thus are susceptible to resistance and failed treatment from few critical mutations in these sites. At higher concentration above their antiviral half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), simeprevir and other NS3/4A inhibitors also restore interferon (IFN)-signaling pathways that are thought to be disrupted by NS3/4A protease and recover innate immune processes. NS3/4A protease cleaves two essential adaptor proteins that initiate signaling leading to activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and IFN-α/β synthesis, which are mitochondrial antiviral-signaling proteins (MAVS otherwise known as IPS-1, VISA, or Cardif) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)- domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF). Blocking the function of these adaptor proteins results in impaired interferon induction. NS3/4A inhibitors recover the proper IFN-signaling pathways 3,4.
Target Actions Organism ANS3 protease inhibitorHepatitis C Virus ANS3/4A protein inhibitorHepatitis C Virus - Absorption
The mean absolute bioavailability of simeprevir following a single oral 150 mg dose of simeprevir capsule in fed conditions is 62%. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) are typically achieved between 4 to 6 hours following the oral administration.
- Volume of distribution
The volume of distribution for simeprevir has yet to be determined. In animal studies, simeprevir is extensively distributed to gut and liver (liver:blood ratio of 29:1 in rat) tissues.
- Protein binding
Simeprevir is extensively (99.9%) bound to plasma proteins, mainly to albumin and to a lesser extent, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Increased plasma concentration due to drug-drug interactions is expected when co-administering moderate or strong inhibitors of CYP3A, while the opposite effect is predicted from co-administration of moderate or strong inducers of CYP3A.
- Metabolism
Simeprevir undergoes hepatic metabolism. The primary metabolic pathway involves CYP3A system-mediated oxidation. Involvement of CYP2C8 and CYP2C19 cannot be excluded.
- Route of elimination
Simeprevir is predominantly eliminated through biliary excretion. In a radioactivity study, 91% of radiolabeled drug was detected in the feces and less than 1% was detected in the urine. From the recovered drug in the feces, the unchanged form of simeprevir accounted for 31% of the total administered dose.
- Half-life
The elimination half-life of simeprevir following 200mg dose administration is about 41 hours in HCV-positive patients and 10 to 13 hours in individuals without HCV infection.
- Clearance
The clearance of simeprevir has yet to be determined.
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
In a combination therapy with sofosbuvir, most common reported adverse effects is fatigue, headache and nausea. In case of triple therapy with PEG-Interferon Alfa-2A and ribavirin, most common adverse effects included rash (including photosensitivity), pruritus and nausea. Elevations of serum bilirubin may be observed due to inhibition of bilirubin transporters OATP1B1 and MRP2 by simeprevir.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The metabolism of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when combined with Simeprevir. Abametapir The serum concentration of Simeprevir can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abemaciclib The serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Simeprevir. Abiraterone The metabolism of Simeprevir can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone. Abrocitinib The serum concentration of Simeprevir can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib. - Food Interactions
- Take with food.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Simeprevir sodium 16U7H60184 1241946-89-3 LLXQGDWGCCKOQP-MVZLLIIPSA-M - International/Other Brands
- Olysio
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Galexos Capsule 150 mg Oral Janssen Pharmaceuticals 2013-11-25 2018-03-31 Canada Olysio Capsule 150 mg Oral Janssen Cilag International Nv 2016-09-08 2018-05-23 EU Olysio Capsule 150 mg Oral Janssen Cilag International Nv 2016-09-08 2018-05-23 EU Olysio Capsule 150 mg/1 Oral Janssen, Lp 2013-11-22 2018-05-25 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- G01AE10 — Combinations of sulfonamides
- G01AE — Sulfonamides
- G01A — ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
- G01 — GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- Drug Categories
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Antiviral Agents
- Antivirals for Systemic Use
- Antivirals for treatment of HCV infections
- BCRP/ABCG2 Inhibitors
- BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates
- BSEP/ABCB11 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Direct Acting Antivirals
- Drugs causing inadvertant photosensitivity
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Gynecological Antiinfectives and Antiseptics
- HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors
- HCV Protease Inhibitors
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors
- OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Inhibitors
- OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Substrates
- OATP1B3 inhibitors
- OATP1B3 substrates
- OATP2B1/SLCO2B1 substrates
- Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitors
- Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Photosensitizing Agents
- Protease Inhibitors
- Sulfonamides
- Sulfones
- Sulfur Compounds
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as macrolactams. These are cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. They are nitrogen analogues (the a nitrogen atom replacing the o atom of the cyclic carboxylic acid group ) of the naturally occurring macrolides.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
- Class
- Macrolactams
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Macrolactams
- Alternative Parents
- Alpha amino acid amides / Quinolines and derivatives / Anisoles / 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles / Alkyl aryl ethers / Pyridines and derivatives / Cyclopropanecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Organosulfonic acids and derivatives / Aminosulfonyl compounds show 9 more
- Substituents
- 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole / Alkyl aryl ether / Alpha-amino acid amide / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Aminosulfonyl compound / Anisole / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid show 25 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Hepatitis C Virus
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 9WS5RD66HZ
- CAS number
- 923604-59-5
- InChI Key
- JTZZSQYMACOLNN-VDWJNHBNSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C38H47N5O7S2/c1-21(2)30-20-51-35(40-30)29-18-32(26-13-14-31(49-5)22(3)33(26)39-29)50-24-16-27-28(17-24)36(45)43(4)15-9-7-6-8-10-23-19-38(23,41-34(27)44)37(46)42-52(47,48)25-11-12-25/h8,10,13-14,18,20-21,23-25,27-28H,6-7,9,11-12,15-17,19H2,1-5H3,(H,41,44)(H,42,46)/b10-8-/t23-,24-,27-,28-,38-/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1R,4R,6R,7Z,15R,17R)-N-(cyclopropanesulfonyl)-17-({7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-[4-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]quinolin-4-yl}oxy)-13-methyl-2,14-dioxo-3,13-diazatricyclo[13.3.0.0^{4,6}]octadec-7-ene-4-carboxamide
- SMILES
- [H][C@]12C[C@]1(NC(=O)[C@]1([H])C[C@H](C[C@@]1([H])C(=O)N(C)CCCC\C=C/2)OC1=CC(=NC2=C1C=CC(OC)=C2C)C1=NC(=CS1)C(C)C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1CC1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Raboisson P, de Kock H, Rosenquist A, Nilsson M, Salvador-Oden L, Lin TI, Roue N, Ivanov V, Wahling H, Wickstrom K, Hamelink E, Edlund M, Vrang L, Vendeville S, Van de Vreken W, McGowan D, Tahri A, Hu L, Boutton C, Lenz O, Delouvroy F, Pille G, Surleraux D, Wigerinck P, Samuelsson B, Simmen K: Structure-activity relationship study on a novel series of cyclopentane-containing macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease leading to the discovery of TMC435350. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Sep 1;18(17):4853-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.088. Epub 2008 Jul 24.
- General References
- Raboisson P, de Kock H, Rosenquist A, Nilsson M, Salvador-Oden L, Lin TI, Roue N, Ivanov V, Wahling H, Wickstrom K, Hamelink E, Edlund M, Vrang L, Vendeville S, Van de Vreken W, McGowan D, Tahri A, Hu L, Boutton C, Lenz O, Delouvroy F, Pille G, Surleraux D, Wigerinck P, Samuelsson B, Simmen K: Structure-activity relationship study on a novel series of cyclopentane-containing macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease leading to the discovery of TMC435350. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Sep 1;18(17):4853-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.088. Epub 2008 Jul 24. [Article]
- Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Wu S, Yokosuka O: New treatments for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C - focus on simeprevir. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014 May 24;10:387-94. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S50170. eCollection 2014. [Article]
- Izquierdo L, Helle F, Francois C, Castelain S, Duverlie G, Brochot E: Simeprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2014 Aug 14;7:241-9. doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S52715. eCollection 2014. [Article]
- Ahmed A, Felmlee DJ: Mechanisms of Hepatitis C Viral Resistance to Direct Acting Antivirals. Viruses. 2015 Dec 18;7(12):6716-29. doi: 10.3390/v7122968. [Article]
- Cummings MD, Lindberg J, Lin TI, de Kock H, Lenz O, Lilja E, Fellander S, Baraznenok V, Nystrom S, Nilsson M, Vrang L, Edlund M, Rosenquist A, Samuelsson B, Raboisson P, Simmen K: Induced-fit binding of the macrocyclic noncovalent inhibitor TMC435 to its HCV NS3/NS4A protease target. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Feb 22;49(9):1652-5. doi: 10.1002/anie.200906696. [Article]
- Myers RP, Shah H, Burak KW, Cooper C, Feld JJ: An update on the management of chronic hepatitis C: 2015 Consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;29(1):19-34. Epub 2015 Jan 13. [Article]
- American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Infectious Diseases Society of America. HCV guidance. http://hcvguidelines.org. Accessed June 12, 2017. [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: OLYSIO (simeprevir) capsules for oral use (November 2017) [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D10081
- PubChem Compound
- 24873435
- PubChem Substance
- 175427067
- ChemSpider
- 23331536
- BindingDB
- 50336504
- 1482790
- ChEBI
- 134743
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL501849
- ZINC
- ZINC000085540268
- PDBe Ligand
- 30B
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Simeprevir
- PDB Entries
- 3kee / 8hnh
- FDA label
- Download (1.31 MB)
- MSDS
- Download (57.5 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection 2 4 Completed Treatment Cirrhosis of the Liver 1 4 Completed Treatment Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection 3 4 Withdrawn Treatment Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection / HIV CDC Category A1 1 4 Withdrawn Treatment PT-NANBH 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 150 mg Capsule Oral 150 mg/1 Capsule Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US8349869 No 2013-01-08 2026-07-28 US US8148399 No 2012-04-03 2029-09-05 US US8754106 No 2014-06-17 2026-07-28 US US8741926 No 2014-06-03 2026-07-28 US US9040562 No 2015-05-26 2026-07-28 US US7671032 No 2010-03-02 2025-05-19 US US9623022 No 2017-04-18 2026-07-28 US US9353103 No 2016-05-31 2026-07-28 US US9856265 No 2018-01-02 2026-07-28 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 225 MSDS water solubility Insoluble FDA Label - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00303 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 4.69 ALOGPS logP 4.56 Chemaxon logS -5.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.77 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 1.61 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 9 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 156.89 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 7 Chemaxon Refractivity 206.95 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 80.38 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 7 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 249.47362 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 251.19734 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 257.5263 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serine-type peptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q91RS4
- Uniprot Name
- NS3 protease
- Molecular Weight
- 19113.77 Da
References
- Raboisson P, de Kock H, Rosenquist A, Nilsson M, Salvador-Oden L, Lin TI, Roue N, Ivanov V, Wahling H, Wickstrom K, Hamelink E, Edlund M, Vrang L, Vendeville S, Van de Vreken W, McGowan D, Tahri A, Hu L, Boutton C, Lenz O, Delouvroy F, Pille G, Surleraux D, Wigerinck P, Samuelsson B, Simmen K: Structure-activity relationship study on a novel series of cyclopentane-containing macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease leading to the discovery of TMC435350. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Sep 1;18(17):4853-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.088. Epub 2008 Jul 24. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: OLYSIO (simeprevir) capsules for oral use (November 2017) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serine-type peptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- NS3/4A
- Uniprot ID
- B0B3C9
- Uniprot Name
- Genome polyprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 72789.28 Da
References
- Raboisson P, de Kock H, Rosenquist A, Nilsson M, Salvador-Oden L, Lin TI, Roue N, Ivanov V, Wahling H, Wickstrom K, Hamelink E, Edlund M, Vrang L, Vendeville S, Van de Vreken W, McGowan D, Tahri A, Hu L, Boutton C, Lenz O, Delouvroy F, Pille G, Surleraux D, Wigerinck P, Samuelsson B, Simmen K: Structure-activity relationship study on a novel series of cyclopentane-containing macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease leading to the discovery of TMC435350. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Sep 1;18(17):4853-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.088. Epub 2008 Jul 24. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: OLYSIO (simeprevir) capsules for oral use (November 2017) [Link]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- OLYSIO (simeprevir) capsules - FDA [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- Curator comments
- Intestinal CYP3A4 activity is impacted by Simeprevir but hepatic CYP3A4 activity is not impacted.
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6L6
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76447.99 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NPD5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
- Molecular Weight
- 77402.175 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
- Gene Name
- ABCC2
- Uniprot ID
- Q92887
- Uniprot Name
- Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
- Molecular Weight
- 174205.64 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
- Gene Name
- SLCO2B1
- Uniprot ID
- O94956
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76709.98 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presenc...
- Gene Name
- SLC10A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q14973
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium/bile acid cotransporter
- Molecular Weight
- 38118.64 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
- Gene Name
- ABCB11
- Uniprot ID
- O95342
- Uniprot Name
- Bile salt export pump
- Molecular Weight
- 146405.83 Da
Drug created at March 19, 2008 16:22 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54