Prucalopride

Identification

Summary

Prucalopride is a 5-HT4 receptor agonist indicated to treat adults with chronic idiopathic constipation.

Brand Names
Motegrity, Resolor, Resotran
Generic Name
Prucalopride
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06480
Background

Prucalopride is a dihydrobenzofurancarboxamide derivative from the benzofurane family that selectively stimulates 5-HT4 receptors and thus, it presents enterokinetic properties.2 The high selectivity of prucalopride allowed further development as it prevented the cardiac adverse reactions observed due to non-target effects of precedent therapies.5 Prucalopride was developed by Shire Development LLC and approved for use in Europe in 2009,1 in Canada on December 7, 2011 and by the FDA on December 17, 2018.7

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 367.87
Monoisotopic: 367.1662694
Chemical Formula
C18H26ClN3O3
Synonyms
  • Prucaloprida
  • Prucalopride
External IDs
  • R-093877
  • R093877

Pharmacology

Indication

Prucalopride is indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults.8

CIC is one of the most common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. The diagnosis of this agent is very hard and it can be confirmed if the patient experience at least two of the following:

-Straining during more than 25% of the bowel movements.

-Lumpy or hard stools in 25% of the bowel movements.

-Sensation of incomplete evacuation in more than 25% of all bowel movements.

-Sensation of anorectal blockage or obstruction in more than 25% of the bowel movements.

-Manual maneuvers required in more than 25% of the bowel movements.

-Fewer than 3 bowel movements per week.9

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofChronic idiopathic constipation•••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofOpioid-induced constipation••• •••••
Treatment ofRefractory chronic idiopathic constipation•••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

In animal studies, prucalopride induced a dose-dependent stimulation of contractile activity in the proximal colon and inhibition of the contractility in the distal colon.4 As well it has been shown that prucalopride stimulates and amplifies giant migratory contraction which is the high-amplitude type of contraction that initiates the urge to defecate. Thus, prucalopride not only accelerates the colonic transit but also accelerates gastric emptying and small bowel transit.2

In supratherapeutic concentrations, prucalopride can be observed to interact with hERG potassium channels and L-type calcium channels.2

In clinical trials, prucalopride showed to significantly increase the spontaneous bowel movements with a standardized mean difference of about 0.5 after the use of 1 mg when compared with the placebo group.5 In this studies as well, it was observed a numerical improvement in mean colonic transit time and a significant increase in spontaneous complete bowel movement without marked changes in the anorectal function.5

In phase III clinical trials, 86% of the tested individuals opted to continue with the open-label study and based on Patients Assessments, 67% of the patients increase more than one point improvement in their satisfaction.5

In the final set of clinical trials for approval, there was a significant increase in the number of patients that reached over 3 complete spontaneous bowel movements per week when compared with the placebo.8

Mechanism of action

Prucalopride acts as a selective stimulator of the 5-HT4 receptors while having no interaction with hERG channel or 5-HT1 receptors which reduces significantly the cardiovascular risk found in other similar drugs.1

5-HT4 receptors can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract primarily in smooth muscle cells, enterochromaffin cells, and myenteric plexus. Its activation produces the release of acetylcholine which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the GI tract.2

Hence, prucalopride stimulates motility by interacting specifically with 5-HT4 receptors in the GI tract which causes a release of acetylcholine and further contraction of the muscle layer of the colon and relaxation of the circular muscle layer leading to the propulsion of luminal content.3

TargetActionsOrganism
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Prucalopride is well absorbed and it reaches maximum plasma concentration of 3.79ng/ml with a tmax of 2.77 hours after initial administration. It presents an AUC of 96.5 mn.h/ml.6 The bioavailability of prucalopride is of over 90% and this bioavailability does not get influenced by the ingestion of food.11

Volume of distribution

The mean volume of distribution of prucalopride is registered to be 623 L.6

Protein binding

The plasma protein binding of prucalopride is of 30%.11

Metabolism

Prucalopride is not extensively metabolized in the body and does not interact with the enzymes of the family of the cytochrome P450 enzymes nor the P glycoprotein.2 The metabolism of prucalopride only represents 6% of the administered dose and the remaining 94% is found as the unchanged drug.6 From studies, it was reported the recovery of 8 metabolites being the major metabolite R107504 which is formed after the O-demethylation and oxidation of the resulting alcohol to a carboxylic acid.11

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Route of elimination

After maximum plasma concentration, prucalopride concentration decline in a biphasic manner. Prucalopride is mainly excreted by the urine, representing 84% of the administered dose while only 13% of the dose is recovered in feces.6

Half-life

The reported half-life of prucalopride is of around 18-20 hours.6

Clearance

Prucalopride renal clearance is reported to be of 17 L/h which actually exceeds the glomerular filtration rate of the kidney.6

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Prucalopride is well tolerated in doses reaching 10 times the recommended therapeutic dose and signs of overdose are thought to be stared by the presence of headaches, nausea and diarrhea.11 Carcinogenicity studies in mice indicated an increased incidence of mammary gland adenocarcinoma at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day. In rats, high doses were linked to increased incidence of benign adrenal pheochromocytoma, pituitary adenoma, pancreatic adenoma, hepatocellular adenoma and thyroid follicular tumors.12

For genotoxicity, prucalopride showed only one weak positive result in one of the five bacterial strain reverse mutation test at high concentrations.12 As well, there is no evidence of adverse effects on fertility, even in high doses.Label

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirAbacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Prucalopride which could result in a higher serum level.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Prucalopride can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbrocitinibThe serum concentration of Prucalopride can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Prucalopride can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Prucalopride which could result in a higher serum level.
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Prucalopride hydrochlorideM8IYX9Z79V179474-80-7KKMOQGWTJRGLNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Prucalopride succinate4V2G75E1CK179474-85-2QZRSNVSQLGRAID-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International/Other Brands
Resolor (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ireland Ltd)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
MotegrityTablet, film coated2 mg/1OralTakeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.2018-12-14Not applicableUS flag
MotegrityTablet, film coated1 mg/1OralTakeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.2018-12-14Not applicableUS flag
ResolorTablet, film coated1 mgOralTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland2020-12-16Not applicableEU flag
ResolorTablet, film coated2 mgOralTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland2020-12-16Not applicableEU flag
ResolorTablet, film coated1 mgOralTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland2020-12-16Not applicableEU flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo-prucaloprideTablet2 mgOralApotex Corporation2020-01-27Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-prucaloprideTablet1 mgOralApotex Corporation2020-01-27Not applicableCanada flag
Jamp PrucaloprideTablet2 mgOralJamp Pharma Corporation2021-02-26Not applicableCanada flag
Jamp PrucaloprideTablet1 mgOralJamp Pharma Corporation2021-02-26Not applicableCanada flag
PMS-prucaloprideTablet1 mgOralPharmascience IncNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A06AX05 — Prucalopride
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminobenzamides. These are organic compounds containing a benzamide moiety with an amine group attached to the benzene ring.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Benzoic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Aminobenzamides
Alternative Parents
Coumarans / Alkyl aryl ethers / Piperidines / Aryl chlorides / Trialkylamines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids and derivatives / Oxacyclic compounds / Dialkyl ethers / Azacyclic compounds
show 5 more
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aminobenzamide / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative
show 19 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
0A09IUW5TP
CAS number
179474-81-8
InChI Key
ZPMNHBXQOOVQJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H26ClN3O3/c1-24-9-2-6-22-7-3-12(4-8-22)21-18(23)14-11-15(19)16(20)13-5-10-25-17(13)14/h11-12H,2-10,20H2,1H3,(H,21,23)
IUPAC Name
4-amino-5-chloro-N-[1-(3-methoxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide
SMILES
COCCCN1CCC(CC1)NC(=O)C1=C2OCCC2=C(N)C(Cl)=C1

References

General References
  1. Shin A, Camilleri M, Kolar G, Erwin P, West CP, Murad MH: Systematic review with meta-analysis: highly selective 5-HT4 agonists (prucalopride, velusetrag or naronapride) in chronic constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Feb;39(3):239-53. doi: 10.1111/apt.12571. Epub 2013 Dec 5. [Article]
  2. Omer A, Quigley EMM: An update on prucalopride in the treatment of chronic constipation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov;10(11):877-887. doi: 10.1177/1756283X17734809. Epub 2017 Oct 16. [Article]
  3. Briejer MR, Bosmans JP, Van Daele P, Jurzak M, Heylen L, Leysen JE, Prins NH, Schuurkes JA: The in vitro pharmacological profile of prucalopride, a novel enterokinetic compound. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Jun 29;423(1):71-83. [Article]
  4. Briejer MR, Prins NH, Schuurkes JA: Effects of the enterokinetic prucalopride (R093877) on colonic motility in fasted dogs. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2001 Oct;13(5):465-72. [Article]
  5. Sajid MS, Hebbar M, Baig MK, Li A, Philipose Z: Use of Prucalopride for Chronic Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Published Randomized, Controlled Trials. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Jul 30;22(3):412-22. doi: 10.5056/jnm16004. [Article]
  6. Flach S, Scarfe G, Dragone J, Ding J, Seymour M, Pennick M, Pankratz T, Troy S, Getsy J: A Phase I Study to Investigate the Absorption, Pharmacokinetics, and Excretion of [(14)C]Prucalopride After a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Ther. 2016 Sep;38(9):2106-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.08.003. Epub 2016 Sep 7. [Article]
  7. FDA reports [Link]
  8. FDA approvals [Link]
  9. Canadian Society of Intestinal Research [Link]
  10. FDA Approved Drug Products: Motality (Prucalopride) Oral Tablets [Link]
  11. Resotrans (prucalopride) Australian label [File]
  12. Resotrans (prucalopride) Australian data sheet [File]
PubChem Compound
3052762
PubChem Substance
310264873
ChemSpider
2314539
BindingDB
50122872
RxNav
2107310
ChEBI
135552
ChEMBL
CHEMBL117287
ZINC
ZINC000001891034
Wikipedia
Prucalopride
FDA label
Download (457 KB)
MSDS
Download (292 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedOtherChronic Constipation1
4CompletedTreatmentChronic Constipation1
4CompletedTreatmentConstipation2
4Not Yet RecruitingTreatmentAspiration Pneumonia / Esophageal Motility Disorders / Gastric Motor Dysfunction / Gastroesophageal Reflux1
4RecruitingOtherSatisfaction, Patient1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, film coatedOral1 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral2 mg/1
TabletOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral1 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral2 mg
TabletOral1 mg
TabletOral2 mg
TabletOral2.642 mg
Tablet, coatedOral1 mg
Tablet, coatedOral2 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)>196 ºC'MSDS'
water solubility<1 mg/mL 'MSDS'
logP2.56 'MSDS'
pKa8.5Resotrans data sheet (measure of piperidine moiety)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.129 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.09ALOGPS
logP0.74Chemaxon
logS-3.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.64Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.98Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area76.82 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count6Chemaxon
Refractivity100.67 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability39.08 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0009000000-e8cbc8c331de04394cef
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0009000000-474fdd9b863ee218d386
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0009000000-ba388989e08606fe6ee9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-060r-2019000000-e3c8321e4d658de43d5d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fzd-1639000000-7ee92b5cf3c907b31331
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001l-4095000000-f6816e8382673b761707
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-191.93472
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+194.29272
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+200.38586
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor ...
Gene Name
HTR4
Uniprot ID
Q13639
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4
Molecular Weight
43760.975 Da
References
  1. Briejer MR, Bosmans JP, Van Daele P, Jurzak M, Heylen L, Leysen JE, Prins NH, Schuurkes JA: The in vitro pharmacological profile of prucalopride, a novel enterokinetic compound. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Jun 29;423(1):71-83. [Article]
  2. Grider JR, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Jin JG: 5-Hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonists initiate the peristaltic reflex in human, rat, and guinea pig intestine. Gastroenterology. 1998 Aug;115(2):370-80. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70203-3. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Resolor (prucalopride) EMA label [Link]

Drug created at March 19, 2008 16:34 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55