Pomalidomide
Identification
- Summary
Pomalidomide is a thalidomide analogue used in combination with dexamethasone to treat patients with multiple myeloma.
- Brand Names
- Imnovid, Pomalyst
- Generic Name
- Pomalidomide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB08910
- Background
Pomalidomide, an analogue of thalidomide, is an immunomodulatory antineoplastic agent. FDA approved on February 8, 2013.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 273.2441
Monoisotopic: 273.074955855 - Chemical Formula
- C13H11N3O4
- Synonyms
- Pomalidomida
- Pomalidomide
- External IDs
- CC-4047
Pharmacology
- Indication
Pomalidomide is indicated for patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including lenalidomide and have demonstrated disease progression on or within 60 days of completion of the last therapy. It is also indicated for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in AIDS patients who have failed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and for the treatment of KS in HIV-negative patients.4
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma •••••••••••• ••••• ••• •••••••• ••••••• Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••• •• •••••• •••••• •••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• ••••••• Used in combination to treat Multiple myeloma (mm) Regimen in combination with: Dexamethasone (DB01234) •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••• ••••••••••• •• •• •••••• •• •••• •• •••••••••• •• ••• •••• •••••••• •••••••• •• ••••• ••• ••••• ••••••••• ••••••••• •••••••••••• ••• • •••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••• Used in combination to treat Multiple myeloma (mm) Regimen in combination with: Isatuximab (DB14811), Dexamethasone (DB01234) •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••• •• ••••• ••• ••••• ••••••••• ••••••••• •••••••••••• ••• • •••••••••• ••••••••• •••••••••• ••••••••• •••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Pomalidomide is more potent than thalidomide (100-times) and lenalidomide (10-times).
- Mechanism of action
Promalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent with antineoplastic activity. It is shown to inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of various tumour cells. Furthermore, promalidomide enhances T cell and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like TNF-alpha or IL-6, by monocytes. The primary target of promalidomide is thought to be the protein cereblon. It binds to this target and inhibits ubiquitin ligase activity. It is also a transcriptional inhibitor of COX2.
Target Actions Organism AProtein cereblon inhibitorHumans ATumor necrosis factor inhibitorHumans AProstaglandin G/H synthase 2 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Pomalidomide is generally well absorbed. The major circulating component is the parent compound. Tmax, single oral dose = 2 -3 hours. When 4 mg of promalidomide is given to patients with multiple myeloma, the steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters are as follows: AUC(T) = 400 ng.hr/mL; Cmax = 75 ng/mL. Promalidomide accumulates following multiple doses.
- Volume of distribution
Mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F), steady-state = 62 - 138 L
- Protein binding
12-44% protein bound. It is not concentration dependent.
- Metabolism
Promalidomide is hepatically metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. The metabolites are 26-fold less active than the parent compound. Minor contributions from CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 have been observed in vitro.
- Route of elimination
When a single oral dose (2mg) is given to healthy subjects, 73% of the dose was eliminated in urine. 15% of the dose was eliminated in feces. 2% and 8% of the dose eliminated unchanged as pomalidomide in urine and feces, respectively.
- Half-life
Healthy subjects = 9.4 hours; Multiple myeloma patients = 7.5 hours.
- Clearance
Total body clearance = 7-10 L/hour
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Most common adverse reactions (≥30%) included fatigue and asthenia, neutropenia, anemia, constipation, nausea, diarrhea, dyspnea, upper-respiratory tract infections, back pain and pyrexia.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Pomalidomide is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Pomalidomide which could result in a higher serum level. Abametapir The serum concentration of Pomalidomide can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Pomalidomide can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Pomalidomide. - Food Interactions
- Take at the same time every day.
- Take with or without food. Administration of pomalidomide with food reduces the AUC and Cmax by 8% and 27%, respectively, and delays Tmax by two and a half hours.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Imnovid Capsule 4 mg Oral Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma Eeig 2020-12-21 Not applicable EU Imnovid Capsule 1 mg Oral Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma Eeig 2020-12-21 Not applicable EU Imnovid Capsule 2 mg Oral Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma Eeig 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Imnovid Capsule 3 mg Oral Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma Eeig 2020-12-21 Not applicable EU Imnovid Capsule 4 mg Oral Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma Eeig 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Apo-pomalidomide Capsule 2 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2023-02-28 Not applicable Canada Apo-pomalidomide Capsule 4 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2023-02-28 Not applicable Canada Apo-pomalidomide Capsule 1 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2023-02-28 Not applicable Canada Apo-pomalidomide Capsule 3 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2023-02-28 Not applicable Canada Jamp Pomalidomide Capsule 4 mg Oral Jamp Pharma Corporation 2023-08-01 Not applicable Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image IPOPRIN Pomalidomide (2 mg) + Pomalidomide (4 mg) + Pomalidomide (3 mg) Capsule, coated Oral Msn Laboratories Private Limited 2019-12-13 2025-01-08 Colombia IPOPRIN Pomalidomide (2 mg) + Pomalidomide (4 mg) + Pomalidomide (3 mg) Capsule, coated Oral Msn Laboratories Private Limited 2019-12-13 2025-01-08 Colombia IPOPRIN Pomalidomide (2 mg) + Pomalidomide (4 mg) + Pomalidomide (3 mg) Capsule, coated Oral Msn Laboratories Private Limited 2019-12-13 2025-01-08 Colombia
Categories
- ATC Codes
- L04AX06 — Pomalidomide
- Drug Categories
- Acids, Carbocyclic
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors
- Angiogenesis Modulating Agents
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Cancer immunotherapy
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Growth Inhibitors
- Growth Substances
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Imides
- Immunologic Factors
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Immunotherapy
- Isoindoles
- Myelosuppressive Agents
- Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- P-glycoprotein substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Phthalic Acids
- Phthalimides
- Piperidines
- Piperidones
- Thalidomide Analog
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phthalimides. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a 1,3-dioxoisoindoline moiety. They are imide derivatives of phthalic anhydrides.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Isoindoles and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Isoindolines
- Direct Parent
- Phthalimides
- Alternative Parents
- Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Isoindoles / Piperidinediones / Delta lactams / N-substituted carboxylic acid imides / Benzenoids / Vinylogous amides / N-unsubstituted carboxylic acid imides / Dicarboximides / Azacyclic compounds show 5 more
- Substituents
- Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid imide / Carboxylic acid imide, n-substituted show 18 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- dicarboximide, aromatic amine, piperidones, isoindoles (CHEBI:72690)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- D2UX06XLB5
- CAS number
- 19171-19-8
- InChI Key
- UVSMNLNDYGZFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C13H11N3O4/c14-7-3-1-2-6-10(7)13(20)16(12(6)19)8-4-5-9(17)15-11(8)18/h1-3,8H,4-5,14H2,(H,15,17,18)
- IUPAC Name
- 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione
- SMILES
- NC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)N(C1CCC(=O)NC1=O)C2=O
References
- General References
- Gertz MA: Pomalidomide and myeloma meningitis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013 Apr;54(4):681-2. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2012.723708. Epub 2013 Jan 2. [Article]
- McCurdy AR, Lacy MQ: Pomalidomide and its clinical potential for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: an update for the hematologist. Ther Adv Hematol. 2013 Jun;4(3):211-6. doi: 10.1177/2040620713480155. [Article]
- Terpos E, Kanellias N, Christoulas D, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA: Pomalidomide: a novel drug to treat relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Onco Targets Ther. 2013 May 10;6:531-8. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S34498. Print 2013. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: POMALYST (pomalidomide) capsules [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D08976
- PubChem Compound
- 134780
- PubChem Substance
- 175427148
- ChemSpider
- 118785
- BindingDB
- 65456
- 1369713
- ChEBI
- 72690
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL43452
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Pomalidomide
- FDA label
- Download (292 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (479 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Multiple Myeloma (MM) / Refractory Multiple Myeloma / Relapsed Multiple Myeloma 1 4 Recruiting Treatment Multiple Myeloma (MM) 1 4 Withdrawn Treatment Multiple Myeloma (MM) 1 3 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Multiple Myeloma (MM) 6 3 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Multiple Myeloma (MM) / Recurrent or Refractory 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 3.000 mg Capsule, coated Oral Capsule Oral 1 mg/1 Capsule Oral 2 mg/1 Capsule Oral 3 mg/1 Capsule Oral 4 mg/1 Capsule, coated Oral 1 mg Capsule Oral 1 mg Capsule Oral 2 mg Capsule Oral 3 mg Capsule Oral 4 mg Capsule Oral Capsule, coated Oral 2 mg Capsule, coated Oral 3 mg Capsule, coated Oral 4 mg Capsule Oral 1.000 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6045501 No 2000-04-04 2018-08-28 US US6315720 No 2001-11-13 2020-10-23 US US6561976 No 2003-05-13 2018-08-28 US US6561977 No 2003-05-13 2020-10-23 US US6755784 No 2004-06-29 2020-10-23 US US6908432 No 2005-06-21 2018-08-28 US US8204763 No 2012-06-19 2018-08-28 US US8315886 No 2012-11-20 2020-10-23 US US8626531 No 2014-01-07 2020-10-23 US US8589188 No 2013-11-19 2018-08-28 US US5635517 No 1997-06-03 2019-10-04 US US6316471 No 2001-11-13 2016-08-10 US US6476052 No 2002-11-05 2016-07-24 US US8198262 Yes 2012-06-12 2025-12-17 US US8673939 Yes 2014-03-18 2023-11-15 US US8735428 Yes 2014-05-27 2023-11-15 US US8828427 Yes 2014-09-09 2031-12-21 US US8158653 No 2012-04-17 2016-08-10 US US9993467 Yes 2018-06-12 2030-11-19 US US10555939 Yes 2020-02-11 2030-11-19 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 2.57 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.02 ALOGPS logP -0.16 Chemaxon logS -2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 11.59 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 1.56 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 109.57 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 1 Chemaxon Refractivity 69.03 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 25.76 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9653 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8304 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6419 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5264 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.5983 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9147 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.847 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.844 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8882 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5079 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8863 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8428 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9002 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8513 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7289 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8686 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7979 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9081 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9858 Rat acute toxicity 2.5862 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9885 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7765
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 162.72557 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 165.08357 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 171.17674 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Substrate recognition component of a DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 protein ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, such as MEIS2. Norma...
- Gene Name
- CRBN
- Uniprot ID
- Q96SW2
- Uniprot Name
- Protein cereblon
- Molecular Weight
- 50545.375 Da
References
- McCurdy AR, Lacy MQ: Pomalidomide and its clinical potential for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: an update for the hematologist. Ther Adv Hematol. 2013 Jun;4(3):211-6. doi: 10.1177/2040620713480155. [Article]
- Ito T, Ando H, Suzuki T, Ogura T, Hotta K, Imamura Y, Yamaguchi Y, Handa H: Identification of a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity. Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1345-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1177319. [Article]
- Lopez-Girona A, Mendy D, Ito T, Miller K, Gandhi AK, Kang J, Karasawa S, Carmel G, Jackson P, Abbasian M, Mahmoudi A, Cathers B, Rychak E, Gaidarova S, Chen R, Schafer PH, Handa H, Daniel TO, Evans JF, Chopra R: Cereblon is a direct protein target for immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities of lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Leukemia. 2012 Nov;26(11):2326-35. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.119. Epub 2012 May 3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct ac...
- Gene Name
- TNF
- Uniprot ID
- P01375
- Uniprot Name
- Tumor necrosis factor
- Molecular Weight
- 25644.15 Da
References
- Gertz MA: Pomalidomide and myeloma meningitis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013 Apr;54(4):681-2. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2012.723708. Epub 2013 Jan 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and...
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Ferguson GD, Jensen-Pergakes K, Wilkey C, Jhaveri U, Richard N, Verhelle D, De Parseval LM, Corral LG, Xie W, Morris CL, Brady H, Chan K: Immunomodulatory drug CC-4047 is a cell-type and stimulus-selective transcriptional inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2. J Clin Immunol. 2007 Mar;27(2):210-20. Epub 2007 Feb 17. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Li Y, Xu Y, Liu L, Wang X, Palmisano M, Zhou S: Population pharmacokinetics of pomalidomide. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):563-72. doi: 10.1002/jcph.455. Epub 2015 Feb 4. [Article]
- Kasserra C, Assaf M, Hoffmann M, Li Y, Liu L, Wang X, Kumar G, Palmisano M: Pomalidomide: evaluation of cytochrome P450 and transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction potential in vitro and in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;55(2):168-78. doi: 10.1002/jcph.384. Epub 2014 Sep 7. [Article]
- Pomalidomide FDA label [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Kasserra C, Assaf M, Hoffmann M, Li Y, Liu L, Wang X, Kumar G, Palmisano M: Pomalidomide: evaluation of cytochrome P450 and transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction potential in vitro and in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;55(2):168-78. doi: 10.1002/jcph.384. Epub 2014 Sep 7. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Kasserra C, Assaf M, Hoffmann M, Li Y, Liu L, Wang X, Kumar G, Palmisano M: Pomalidomide: evaluation of cytochrome P450 and transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction potential in vitro and in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;55(2):168-78. doi: 10.1002/jcph.384. Epub 2014 Sep 7. [Article]
Drug created at June 20, 2013 22:45 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54