Identification
- Summary
Levomilnacipran is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults.
- Brand Names
- Fetzima
- Generic Name
- Levomilnacipran
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB08918
- Background
Levomilnacipran is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), although it is a more potent inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake than serotonin reuptake.2,3 Levomilnacipran is the more active 1S,2R-enantiomer in the racemate milnacipran.2,6 Once administered, interconversion between levomilnacipran and its stereoisomer does not occur in humans.4 First approved by the FDA on July 25, 2013, levomilnacipran is used to treat major depressive disorder in adults.6 While levomilnacipran was previously investigated and proposed as a potential treatment for stroke in Europe, the EMA decided against this use.7
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Levomilnacipran (DB08918)
- Weight
- Average: 246.348
Monoisotopic: 246.173213336 - Chemical Formula
- C15H22N2O
- Synonyms
- (1S,2R)-milnacipran
- CYCLOPROPANECARBOXAMIDE, 2-(AMINOMETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYL-1-PHENYL-, (1S,2R)-
- Levomilnacipran
- MILNACIPRAN, (1S,2R)-
- External IDs
- F 2695
- F-2695
- F2695
Pharmacology
- Indication
Levomilnacipran is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults.4
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Major depressive disorder •••••••••••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Levomilnacipran is an antidepressant that binds with high affinity to human serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) transporters (Ki = 11 and 91 nM, respectively). It potently inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake (IC50 = 16 - 19 and 11 nM, respectively).4 Levomilnacipran does not bind to any other receptors, ion channels, or transporters, including serotonergic (5HT1-7), α- and β adrenergic, muscarinic, or histaminergic receptors and Ca2+, Na+, K+ or Cl- channels to a significant degree.1,3,4 Levomilnacipran did not inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). Furthermore, levomilnacipran does not prolong the QTc interval to a clinically relevant extent.4
- Mechanism of action
Levomilnacipran is a potent and selective selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). The exact mechanism of the antidepressant action of levomilnacipran is unknown but is thought to be related to the potentiation of serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system through inhibition of reuptake at serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.4 Like milnacipran, levomilnacipran is a more potent inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter than the serotonin transporter:3 it exhibits over a 15-fold higher selectivity for norepinephrine versus serotonin reuptake inhibition.1
Target Actions Organism ASodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitorHumans ASodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter inhibitorHumans - Absorption
The steady-state concentration of levomilnacipran was dose-proportional when administered at a dose ranging from 25 mg to 300 mg (2.5 times the maximum recommended dosage of levomilnacipran) once daily. After daily dosing of 120 mg levomilnacipran, the mean Cmax value was 341 ng/mL, and the mean steady-state AUC value was 5196 ng x h/mL.4
The relative bioavailability of oral levomilnacipran extended-release capsules was 92% when compared to oral solution. The median time to peak concentration (Tmax) of levomilnacipran ranges from six to eight hours after oral administration. Levomilnacipran concentration was not significantly affected when it was administered with food.4
- Volume of distribution
Levomilnacipran is widely distributed, with an apparent volume of distribution ranging from 387 to 473 L.4
- Protein binding
Levomilnacipran is 22% bound to plasma proteins over the concentration range of 10 to 1000 ng/mL.4
- Metabolism
Levomilnacipran undergoes desethylation to form desethyl levomilnacipran (or N-desethyl levomilnacipran) and hydroxylation to form p-hydroxy-levomilnacipran, which are pharmacologically inactive. Both oxidative metabolites can undergo further glucuronidation. Desethylation is primarily catalyzed by CYP3A4 with minor contributions by CYP2C8, 2C19, 2D6, and 2J2.3,4
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Levomilnacipran and its metabolites are eliminated primarily by renal excretion. Following oral administration of 14C-levomilnacipran solution, approximately 58% of the dose is excreted in urine as unchanged levomilnacipran. N-desethyl levomilnacipran was the major metabolite excreted in the urine, accounting for approximately 18% of the dose. Other identifiable metabolites excreted in the urine were levomilnacipran glucuronide (4%), desethyl levomilnacipran glucuronide (3%), p-hydroxy levomilnacipran glucuronide (1%), and p-hydroxy levomilnacipran (1%).4
- Half-life
The apparent terminal elimination half-life of extended-release levomilnacipran is approximately 12 hours.4
- Clearance
Following oral administration, the mean apparent total clearance of levomilnacipran is 21-29 L/h.4
- Adverse Effects
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The oral LD50 in rats was 238 mg/kg.5
There is limited clinical experience with levomilnacipran overdose in humans. In clinical studies, cases of ingestions up to 360 mg daily were reported with none being fatal. As there is no known specific antidote, levomilnacipran overdose should be managed with supportive measures, including close medical supervision and monitoring, with the consideration of possible multiple drug involvement. The high volume of distribution of levomilnacipran suggests that dialysis will not be effective in reducing levomilnacipran plasma concentrations.4
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Levomilnacipran which could result in a higher serum level. Abametapir The serum concentration of Levomilnacipran can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Levomilnacipran. Acarbose The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Levomilnacipran is combined with Acarbose. Aceclofenac Levomilnacipran may increase the antiplatelet activities of Aceclofenac. - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may compromise the extended-release dosage form of levomilnacipran, causing an accelerated release of the drug and increasing its serum concentration.
- Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. Taking herbs with antiplatelet or anticoagulant activity may increase the risk of bleeding.
- Exercise caution with grapefruit products. Grapefruit is a moderate to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Do not exceed a maximum levomilnacipran dose of 80mg daily when taking strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.
- Exercise caution with St. John's Wort. Administering levomilnacipran with St. John's Wort may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
- Take with or without food. Food does not affect drug absorption and exposure to a clinically significant extent.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Levomilnacipran hydrochloride 371U2ZK31U 175131-60-9 XNCDYJFPRPDERF-NQQJLSKUSA-N - Product Images
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Fetzima Capsule, extended release 120 mg Oral Abbvie 2016-04-22 Not applicable Canada 
Fetzima Capsule, extended release 20 mg Oral Abbvie 2015-11-19 Not applicable Canada Fetzima Capsule, extended release 20 mg/1 Oral Allergan, Inc. 2013-07-25 Not applicable US 
Fetzima Capsule, extended release 80 mg Oral Abbvie 2016-04-22 Not applicable Canada Fetzima Capsule, extended release 80 mg/1 Oral Allergan, Inc. 2013-07-25 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Levomilnacipran Capsule, extended release 20 mg/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC 2019-02-04 Not applicable US Levomilnacipran Capsule, extended release 80 mg/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC 2019-02-04 Not applicable US Levomilnacipran Capsule, extended release 40 mg/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC 2019-02-04 Not applicable US Levomilnacipran Capsule, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC 2019-02-04 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Fetzima Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (40 mg/1) Kit Oral Allergan, Inc. 2013-07-25 Not applicable US Fetzima Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (40 mg/1) Kit Oral Allergan, Inc. 2023-03-24 Not applicable US Fetzima Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (40 mg/1) Kit Oral Allergan, Inc. 2013-07-25 Not applicable US Fetzima Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Levomilnacipran hydrochloride (40 mg/1) Kit Oral Allergan, Inc. 2023-03-24 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N06AX28 — Levomilnacipran
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
- Agents producing tachycardia
- Antidepressive Agents
- Antidepressive Agents Indicated for Depression
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Combined Inhibitors of Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake
- Cycloparaffins
- Cyclopropanes
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents
- Membrane Transport Modulators
- Miscellaneous Antidepressants
- Nervous System
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors
- Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Psychoanaleptics
- Psychotropic Drugs
- Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Serotonin Agents
- Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors
- Serotonin Modulators
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylacetamides. These are amide derivatives of phenylacetic acids.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Phenylacetamides
- Direct Parent
- Phenylacetamides
- Alternative Parents
- Aralkylamines / Cyclopropanecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids and derivatives / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides / Monoalkylamines / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or derivatives / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- UGM0326TXX
- CAS number
- 96847-54-0
- InChI Key
- GJJFMKBJSRMPLA-DZGCQCFKSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C15H22N2O/c1-3-17(4-2)14(18)15(10-13(15)11-16)12-8-6-5-7-9-12/h5-9,13H,3-4,10-11,16H2,1-2H3/t13-,15+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1S,2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-1-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide
- SMILES
- CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@]1(C[C@H]1CN)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- General References
- Asnis GM, Henderson MA: Levomilnacipran for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Jan 9;11:125-35. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S54710. eCollection 2015. [Article]
- Mago R, Mahajan R, Thase ME: Levomilnacipran: a newly approved drug for treatment of major depressive disorder. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;7(2):137-45. doi: 10.1586/17512433.2014.889563. [Article]
- Bruno A, Morabito P, Spina E, Muscatello MR: The Role of Levomilnacipran in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(2):191-9. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
- Allergan: FETZIMA (Levomilnacipran) MSDS [Link]
- FDA Drug Approval Package: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) Extended-Release Capsules [Link]
- European Medicines Agency decision: P/0128/2015 [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D10072
- PubChem Compound
- 6917779
- PubChem Substance
- 175427154
- ChemSpider
- 5293005
- BindingDB
- 50032379
- 1433212
- ChEBI
- 136040
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL99946
- ZINC
- ZINC000000000506
- Wikipedia
- Levomilnacipran
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Basic Science None (i.e. Healthy Volunteers) 1 4 Completed Treatment Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 3 3 Completed Treatment Depression / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 1 3 Completed Treatment Ischemic Stroke 1 3 Completed Treatment Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 8
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 20.000 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 20 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 40 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 80 mg Kit Oral Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 20 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 40 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 80 mg/1 - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region USRE43879 No 2012-12-25 2023-06-03 US US8481598 No 2013-07-09 2031-03-02 US US8865937 No 2014-10-21 2032-05-23 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 1.23 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 1.72 ALOGPS logP 1.42 Chemaxon logS -2.3 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.83 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 46.33 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 Chemaxon Refractivity 73.81 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 28.34 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9889 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5914 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5928 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.902 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8787 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8119 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8494 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6514 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.6383 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7697 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7718 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8587 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6327 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.7004 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8013 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.5456 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9972 Rat acute toxicity 2.6162 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.993 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.6823
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-0002-5910000000-6041b8fa3fe52b885b2c Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0002-0690000000-e358699dd4ba3ced536b Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-000t-3970000000-6a00667afb142f57e896 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0002-3390000000-4a22ea8684355b17c232 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00kb-9360000000-32dc0f23bf29a8d2ba83 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00fr-9300000000-77df58f97fce227ecf77 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-014i-9700000000-217adea06b61e02741c0 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 157.74638 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 160.10439 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 166.19753 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Levomilnacipran inhibits the human serotonin transporter with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 11 nM.
- General Function
- Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
- Gene Name
- SLC6A4
- Uniprot ID
- P31645
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 70324.165 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Levomilnacipran inhibits the human norepinephrine transporter with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 91 nM.
- General Function
- Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
- Gene Name
- SLC6A2
- Uniprot ID
- P23975
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 69331.42 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Bruno A, Morabito P, Spina E, Muscatello MR: The Role of Levomilnacipran in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(2):191-9. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Bruno A, Morabito P, Spina E, Muscatello MR: The Role of Levomilnacipran in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(2):191-9. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Bruno A, Morabito P, Spina E, Muscatello MR: The Role of Levomilnacipran in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(2):191-9. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible f...
- Gene Name
- CYP2J2
- Uniprot ID
- P51589
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2J2
- Molecular Weight
- 57610.165 Da
References
- Bruno A, Morabito P, Spina E, Muscatello MR: The Role of Levomilnacipran in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(2):191-9. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: FETZIMA (levomilnacipran) extended-release capsules, for oral use (August 2023) [Link]
Drug created at August 01, 2013 20:17 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:49