Siltuximab

Identification

Summary

Siltuximab is an interleukin antagonist used to treat multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) in patients who are HIV and HHV-8 negative.

Brand Names
Sylvant
Generic Name
Siltuximab
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09036
Background

Siltuximab is a chimeric (human-mouse) monoclonal immunoglobulin G1-kappa antibody produced in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line by recombinant DNA technology. Siltuximab prevents the binding of IL-6 to soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors by forming high affinity complexes with human interleukin-6 (IL-6). Its use is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) negative. MCD is a rare blood disorder caused by dysregulated IL-6 production, proliferation of lymphocytes, and subsequent enlargement of the lymph nodes. It is administered as a 1 hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks.

Type
Biotech
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Biologic Classification
Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Protein Structure
Protein Chemical Formula
C6450H9932N1688O2016S50
Protein Average Weight
145000.0 Da
Sequences
>Heavy Chain Sequence
EVQLVESGGKLLKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSSFAMSWFRQSPEKRLEWVAEISSGGSYTYY
PDTVTGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLEMSSLRSEDTAMYYCARGLWGYYALDYWGQGTSVTVSSA
STKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSG
LYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGP
SVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNS
TYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDEL
TKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQ
QGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
>Light Chain Sequence
QIVLIQSPAIMSASPGEKVTMTCSASSSVSYMYWYQQKPGSSPRLLIYDTSNLASGVPVR
FSGSGSGTSYSLTISRMEAEDAATYYCQQWSGYPYTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPS
DEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTL
SKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
Download FASTA Format
Synonyms
  • Siltuximab
External IDs
  • CLLB8
  • CNTO 328
  • CNTO-328
  • CNTO328

Pharmacology

Indication

Siltuximab is indicated for the treatment of patients with multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) negative. Siltuximab did not bind to virally produced IL-6 in a nonclinical study and was therefore not studied in patients with MCD who are HIV or HHV-8 positive.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofCastleman's disease••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• ••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Siltuximab-neutralized antibody-IL-6 complexes interfere with current immunological-based IL-6 quantification methods, therefore measurement of serum or plasma IL-6 concentrations should not be used as a pharmacodynamic marker during treatment. As well, cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver are down regulated by infection and inflammation stimuli, which includes cytokines such as IL-6. By preventing IL-6 signalling through treatment with siltuximab, CYP450 activity may be increased leading to faster metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates.

Mechanism of action

Siltuximab complexes with human IL-6 and prevents binding to soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes.

TargetActionsOrganism
AInterleukin-6
antagonist
antibody
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Based on population pharmacokinetic analysis, the central volume of distribution in a male subject with body weight of 70 kg is 4.5 L.

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

As siltuximab is an antibody, the expected consequence of metabolism is proteolytic degradation to small peptides and individual amino acids, and receptor-mediated clearance.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

The mean terminal half life after the first intravenous infusion of 11 mg/kg is 20.6 days.

Clearance

Body weight was identified as the only statistically significant covariate of siltuximab clearance, therefore body weight based dosing is appropriate. Based on population pharmacokinetic analysis, the clearance of situximab in patients is 0.23 L/day.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The most common side effects that occurred during siltuximab treatment were pruritis, increased weight, rash, hyperuricemia, and upper respiratory tract infection. Siltuximab should not be administered to patients with severe infections as it may mask signs and symptoms of acute inflammation including suppression of fever and acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Gastrointestinal perforation has been reported in clinical trials, therefore use with caution in patients who may be at increased risk for GI perforation.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbataceptThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abatacept is combined with Siltuximab.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Siltuximab.
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Siltuximab.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be increased when combined with Siltuximab.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Siltuximab.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
SylvantInjection, powder, for solution100 mgIntravenousRecordati Netherlands B.V.2020-12-23Not applicableEU flag
SylvantInjection, powder, for solution400 mg/1IntravenousEUSA Pharma (UK) Ltd2014-04-23Not applicableUS flag
SylvantInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution400 mg/1IntravenousJanssen Biotech, Inc.2014-04-012021-01-31US flag
SylvantPowder, for solution100 mg / vialIntravenousEusa Pharma (Uk) Limited2015-03-03Not applicableCanada flag
SylvantInjection, powder, for solution400 mgIntravenousRecordati Netherlands B.V.2020-12-23Not applicableEU flag

Categories

ATC Codes
L04AC11 — Siltuximab
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
Not Available
Kingdom
Organic Compounds
Super Class
Organic Acids
Class
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct Parent
Peptides
Alternative Parents
Not Available
Substituents
Not Available
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
T4H8FMA7IM
CAS number
541502-14-1

References

General References
  1. Puchalski T, Prabhakar U, Jiao Q, Berns B, Davis HM: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of an anti-interleukin-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody (siltuximab) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Mar 1;16(5):1652-61. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2581. Epub 2010 Feb 23. [Article]
  2. Deisseroth A, Ko CW, Nie L, Zirkelbach JF, Zhao L, Bullock J, Mehrotra N, Del Valle P, Saber H, Sheth C, Gehrke B, Justice R, Farrell A, Pazdur R: FDA approval: siltuximab for the treatment of patients with multicentric Castleman disease. Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Mar 1;21(5):950-4. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-1678. Epub 2015 Jan 19. [Article]
  3. Liu YC, Stone K, van Rhee F: Siltuximab for multicentric Castleman disease. Expert Rev Hematol. 2014 Oct;7(5):545-57. doi: 10.1586/17474086.2014.946402. Epub 2014 Aug 9. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D09669
PubChem Substance
347910394
RxNav
1535218
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1743070
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Siltuximab
FDA label
Download (326 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous100 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous400 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Parenteral100 MG
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Parenteral400 MG
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous100 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous400 mg/1
Powder, for solutionIntravenous100 mg / vial
Powder, for solutionIntravenous400 mg / vial
InjectionParenteral
InjectionParenteral100 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous100 mg
InjectionParenteral400 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous400 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous100 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous400 mg
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous100 mg/1vial
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US7612182No2009-11-032027-08-01US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
Antibody
General Function
Interleukin-6 receptor binding
Specific Function
Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Inv...
Gene Name
IL6
Uniprot ID
P05231
Uniprot Name
Interleukin-6
Molecular Weight
23717.965 Da
References
  1. van Zaanen HC, Koopmans RP, Aarden LA, Rensink HJ, Stouthard JM, Warnaar SO, Lokhorst HM, van Oers MH: Endogenous interleukin 6 production in multiple myeloma patients treated with chimeric monoclonal anti-IL6 antibodies indicates the existence of a positive feed-back loop. J Clin Invest. 1996 Sep 15;98(6):1441-8. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da

Drug created at March 16, 2015 19:35 / Updated at June 03, 2022 07:24