NAV

Naloxegol

Identification

Summary

Naloxegol is a peripherally-selective opioid antagonist used to treat opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain.

Brand Names
Movantik, Moventig
Generic Name
Naloxegol
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09049
Background

Naloxegol, for "PEGylated naloxol" is a peripherally-selective opioid antagonist developed by AstraZeneca. It was approved by the FDA in September 2014 and is indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non‑cancer pain. The advantage of naloxegol over the opioid antagonist naloxone is that its PEGylated structure allows for high selectivity for peripheral opioid receptors and lack of entry into the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 651.794
Monoisotopic: 651.361861531
Chemical Formula
C34H53NO11
Synonyms
  • (5α,6α)-17-Allyl-6-[(20-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxaicos-1-yl)oxy]-4,5-epoxymorphinan-3,14-diol
  • Naloxegol
External IDs
  • AZ-13337019
  • NKTR-118
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Pharmacology

Indication

Indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofOpioid-induced constipation•••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Use of opioids induces slowing of gastrointestinal motility and transit. Patients do not develop tolerance to these effects, unlike many other opioid side effects. Naloxegol antagonizes mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors, having the highest affinity for mu. Antagonism of gastrointestinal mu-opioid receptors by naloxegol inhibits opioid-induced delay of gastrointestinal transit time.

Mechanism of action

Naloxegol is an antagonist of opioid binding at the mu-opioid receptor. When administered at the recommended dose levels, naloxegol functions as a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, thereby decreasing the constipating effects of opioids. Naloxegol has shown more than 6000 fold selectivity for the peripheral mu receptors, and its PEGylated form restricts its action only to the periphery, not affecting the pain-relieving mechanism of opioids in the central nervous system.

TargetActionsOrganism
AMu-type opioid receptor
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

Following oral administration, naloxegol is absorbed with peak concentrations (Cmax) achieved in less than 2 hours.

Volume of distribution

968 to 2140 L.

Protein binding

~4.2%

Metabolism

Naloxegol is metabolized primarily by the CYP P450 3A4 enzyme system and undergoes enterohepatic recycling. In a mass balance study in humans, a total of 6 metabolites were identified in plasma, urine and feces. These metabolites were formed via N-dealkylation, O-demethylation, oxidation and partial loss of the PEG chain. Human metabolism data suggests absence of major metabolites. The activity of the metabolites at the opioid receptor has not been determined.

Route of elimination

Feces: 68% after oral administration. Urine: 16% after oral administration.

Half-life

6-11 hours.

Clearance

Feces (68%), urine (16%).

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
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1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Naloxegol is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Naloxegol can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbrocitinibThe serum concentration of Naloxegol can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib.
AcetazolamideThe therapeutic efficacy of Acetazolamide can be decreased when used in combination with Naloxegol.
AcetophenazineThe risk or severity of hypotension and CNS depression can be increased when Acetophenazine is combined with Naloxegol.
Food Interactions
  • Take on an empty stomach. High-fat food increases drug absorption. Take naloxegol at least 1 hour prior to the first meal of the day or 2 hours after the meal.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Naloxegol oxalate65I14TNM331354744-91-4MNYIRXLCPODKLG-VUTNLTPYSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
MovantikTablet, film coated25 mg/1OralAstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP2015-03-062022-12-31US flag
MovantikTablet, film coated25 mg/1OralValinor Pharma, LLC2023-03-28Not applicableUS flag
MovantikTablet25 mgOralKnight Therapeutics Inc.2015-08-27Not applicableCanada flag
MovantikTablet, film coated25 mg/1OralAvera McKennan Hospital2016-03-222017-05-24US flag
MovantikTablet, film coated12.5 mg/1OralAstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP2015-03-062022-12-31US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A06AH03 — Naloxegol
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenanthrenes and derivatives. These are polycyclic compounds containing a phenanthrene moiety, which is a tricyclic aromatic compound with three non-linearly fused benzene.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Tetralins / Coumarans / Aralkylamines / Alkyl aryl ethers / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Piperidines / Tertiary alcohols / Trialkylamines / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives / 1,2-aminoalcohols
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Substituents
1,2-aminoalcohol / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alcohol / Alkyl aryl ether / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Coumaran / Cyclic alcohol
show 16 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
tertiary alcohol, aromatic ether, phenols, organic heteropentacyclic compound, polyether (CHEBI:82975)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
44T7335BKE
CAS number
854601-70-0
InChI Key
XNKCCCKFOQNXKV-ZRSCBOBOSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C34H53NO11/c1-3-9-35-10-8-33-30-26-4-5-27(36)31(30)46-32(33)28(6-7-34(33,37)29(35)25-26)45-24-23-44-22-21-43-20-19-42-18-17-41-16-15-40-14-13-39-12-11-38-2/h3-5,28-29,32,36-37H,1,6-25H2,2H3/t28-,29+,32-,33-,34+/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(1S,5R,13R,14S,17S)-14-(2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxadocosan-22-yloxy)-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0¹,¹³.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁷,¹⁸]octadeca-7,9,11(18)-triene-10,17-diol
SMILES
COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO[C@H]1CC[C@@]2(O)[C@H]3CC4=CC=C(O)C5=C4[C@@]2(CCN3CC=C)[C@H]1O5

References

General References
  1. Leonard J, Baker DE: Naloxegol: treatment for opioid-induced constipation in chronic non-cancer pain. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;49(3):360-5. doi: 10.1177/1060028014560191. Epub 2014 Dec 3. [Article]
  2. Anantharamu T, Sharma S, Gupta AK, Dahiya N, Singh Brashier DB, Sharma AK: Naloxegol: First oral peripherally acting mu opioid receptor antagonists for opioid-induced constipation. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2015 Jul-Sep;6(3):188-92. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.162015. [Article]
  3. Jones R, Prommer E, Backstedt D: Naloxegol: A Novel Therapy in the Management of Opioid-Induced Constipation. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2015 Jul 6. pii: 1049909115593937. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D10479
PubChem Compound
56959087
PubChem Substance
310264993
ChemSpider
28651656
RxNav
1551777
ChEBI
82975
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2219418
ZINC
ZINC000095564694
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Naloxegol
FDA label
Download (530 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentDrug Induced Constipation1
4CompletedTreatmentOpioid Induced Constipation (OIC)2
4CompletedTreatmentPostoperative pain1
4TerminatedPreventionConstipation2
4TerminatedTreatmentCancer / Constipation / Pain1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral12.5 mg
TabletOral25 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral12.5 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral25 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral12.5 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral25 MG
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US8067431No2011-11-292024-12-16US flag
US8617530No2013-12-312022-10-18US flag
US7056500No2006-06-062024-06-29US flag
US7662365No2010-02-162022-10-18US flag
US9012469No2015-04-212032-04-02US flag
US7786133No2010-08-312027-12-19US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0566 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.73ALOGPS
logP1.36Chemaxon
logS-4.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.14Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.54Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count12Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area126.77 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count24Chemaxon
Refractivity171.68 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability72.87 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0629-9301021000-f4d1e18c6200181be6f5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0pbc-8910150000-d2e2549fc328bf233bc6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a6r-9100021000-c97cc73aeea1303bfe79
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0nml-9400151000-64e0bd7a343735145776
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-05fs-9221001000-e31a47714e1cbc546624
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-06r5-5900110000-ce0ef955b89598fb1ae7
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-261.7913511
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-241.60416
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+261.3220511
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+243.42905
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+261.5560511
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+249.03487
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Details1. Mu-type opioid receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
Gene Name
OPRM1
Uniprot ID
P35372
Uniprot Name
Mu-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight
44778.855 Da
References
  1. Leonard J, Baker DE: Naloxegol: treatment for opioid-induced constipation in chronic non-cancer pain. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;49(3):360-5. doi: 10.1177/1060028014560191. Epub 2014 Dec 3. [Article]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 3A4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Leonard J, Baker DE: Naloxegol: treatment for opioid-induced constipation in chronic non-cancer pain. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;49(3):360-5. doi: 10.1177/1060028014560191. Epub 2014 Dec 3. [Article]
Details2. Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Leonard J, Baker DE: Naloxegol: treatment for opioid-induced constipation in chronic non-cancer pain. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;49(3):360-5. doi: 10.1177/1060028014560191. Epub 2014 Dec 3. [Article]
Details3. Cytochrome P450 2C19
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Leonard J, Baker DE: Naloxegol: treatment for opioid-induced constipation in chronic non-cancer pain. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;49(3):360-5. doi: 10.1177/1060028014560191. Epub 2014 Dec 3. [Article]
  2. Australian Public Assessment Report: Naloxegol [File]

Drug created at May 04, 2015 23:26 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55