Cobicistat

Identification

Summary

Cobicistat is a CYP3A inhibitor used to increase the systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Brand Names
Evotaz, Genvoya, Prezcobix, Rezolsta, Stribild, Tybost
Generic Name
Cobicistat
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09065
Background

Cobicistat, marketed under the name Tybost (formerly GS-9350), indicated for treating infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although it does not have any anti-HIV activity, cobicistat acts as a pharmacokinetic enhancer by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A isoforms (CYP3A) and therefore increases the systemic exposure of coadministered agents that are metabolized by CYP3A enzymes. More specifically, cobicistat is indicated to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Increasing systemic exposure of anti-retrovirals (ARVs) without increasing dosage allows for better treatment outcomes and a decreased side effect profile.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 776.03
Monoisotopic: 775.354960183
Chemical Formula
C40H53N7O5S2
Synonyms
  • 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl [(2R,5R)-5-{[(2S)-2-({[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl](methyl)carbamoyl}amino)-4-(morpholin-4-yl)butanoyl]amino}-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate
  • Cobicistat
External IDs
  • GS 9350
  • GS-9350
  • GS9350

Pharmacology

Indication

Cobicistat is a CYP3A inhibitor indicated to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is not interchangeable with ritonavir to increase systemic exposure of darunavir 600 mg twice daily, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, or tipranavir due to lack of exposure data. The use of cobicistat is not recommended with darunavir 600 mg twice daily, fosamprenavir, saquinavir or tipranavir. Complex or unknown mechanisms of drug interactions preclude extrapolation of ritonavir drug interactions to certain cobicistat interactions. Cobicistat and ritonavir when administered with either atazanavir or darunavir may result in different drug interactions when used with concomitant medications.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used as adjunct in combination to manageHiv-1 infectionCombination Product in combination with: Atazanavir (DB01072)••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofHiv-1 infection••••••••••••
Used in combination to manageHiv-1 infectionCombination Product in combination with: Tenofovir alafenamide (DB09299), Emtricitabine (DB00879), Elvitegravir (DB09101)••••••••••••
Used as adjunct in combination to manageHiv-1 infectionCombination Product in combination with: Darunavir (DB01264)••••••••••••
Used in combination to manageHiv-infectionCombination Product in combination with: Tenofovir disoproxil (DB00300), Emtricitabine (DB00879), Elvitegravir (DB09101)••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Cobicistat is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoforms. Inhibition of CYP3A-mediated metabolism by cobicistat increases the systemic exposure of CYP3A substrates atazanavir and darunavir and therefore enables increased anti-viral activity at a lower dosage. Cobicistat does not have any anti-HIV activity on its own.

TargetActionsOrganism
ACytochrome P450 3A4
inhibitor
Humans
ACytochrome P450 3A5
inhibitor
Humans
ACytochrome P450 3A7
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Median peak plasma concentrations were observed at 3.5 hours post-dose.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

97-98% bound to human plasma proteins.

Metabolism

Cobicistat is metabolized by CYP3A and to a minor extent by CYP2D6 enzymes and does not undergo glucuronidation.

Route of elimination

With single dose administration of [14C] cobicistat after multiple dosing of cobicistat for six days, the mean percent of the administered dose excreted in feces and urine was 86.2% and 8.2%, respectively.

Half-life

The terminal plasma half-life of cobicistat is approximately 3 to 4 hours.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The most common adverse reactions reported during clinical trials were jaundice (13%), ocular icterus (15%), and nausea (12%).

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe metabolism of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when combined with Cobicistat.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Cobicistat can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Cobicistat can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Cobicistat.
AbirateroneThe metabolism of Abiraterone can be decreased when combined with Cobicistat.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid St. John's Wort. St. John's Wort is contraindicated as it induces the CYP3A metabolism of cobicistat and may reduce its serum concentration.
  • Take at the same time every day.
  • Take with food.

Products

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dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
TybostTablet, film coated150 mg/1OralGilead Sciences, Inc.2014-09-24Not applicableUS flag
TybostTablet, film coated150 mgOralGilead Sciences Ireland Uc2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
TybostTablet, film coated150 mgOralGilead Sciences Ireland Uc2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
TybostTablet150 mgOralGilead Sciences2015-04-10Not applicableCanada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
EvotazCobicistat (150 mg/1) + Atazanavir sulfate (300 mg/1)TabletOralA-S Medication Solutions2015-01-29Not applicableUS flag
EVOTAZCobicistat (150 MG) + Atazanavir (300 MG)Tablet, film coatedOralBristol Myers Squibb Pharma Eeig2015-10-14Not applicableItaly flag
EvotazCobicistat (150 mg) + Atazanavir sulfate (300 mg)Tablet, film coatedOralBristol Myers Squibb Pharma Eeig2020-12-22Not applicableEU flag
EvotazCobicistat (150 mg/1) + Atazanavir sulfate (300 mg/1)TabletOralE.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.2015-01-29Not applicableUS flag
EvotazCobicistat (150 mg) + Atazanavir sulfate (300 mg)TabletOralBristol Myers Squibb2016-02-112017-09-22Canada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J05AR09 — Emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil, elvitegravir and cobicistatJ05AR15 — Atazanavir and cobicistatJ05AR14 — Darunavir and cobicistatJ05AR22 — Emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide, darunavir and cobicistatJ05AR18 — Emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide, elvitegravir and cobicistatV03AX03 — Cobicistat
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-carbamoyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid (or a derivative thereof) which bears an carbamoyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent
N-carbamoyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Alpha amino acid amides / Amphetamines and derivatives / 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles / N-acyl amines / Morpholines / Heteroaromatic compounds / Carbamate esters / Ureas / Trialkylamines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides
show 7 more
Substituents
2,4-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole / Alpha-amino acid amide / Amine / Amphetamine or derivatives / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid / Carbamic acid ester / Carbonic acid derivative
show 26 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
carbamate ester, ureas, monocarboxylic acid amide, 1,3-thiazole, morpholines (CHEBI:72291)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
LW2E03M5PG
CAS number
1004316-88-4
InChI Key
ZCIGNRJZKPOIKD-CQXVEOKZSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C40H53N7O5S2/c1-29(2)38-43-34(27-53-38)25-46(3)39(49)45-36(16-17-47-18-20-51-21-19-47)37(48)42-32(22-30-10-6-4-7-11-30)14-15-33(23-31-12-8-5-9-13-31)44-40(50)52-26-35-24-41-28-54-35/h4-13,24,27-29,32-33,36H,14-23,25-26H2,1-3H3,(H,42,48)(H,44,50)(H,45,49)/t32-,33-,36+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl N-[(2R,5R)-5-[(2S)-2-{[methyl({[2-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl})carbamoyl]amino}-4-(morpholin-4-yl)butanamido]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate
SMILES
CC(C)C1=NC(CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN2CCOCC2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)OCC2=CN=CS2)CC2=CC=CC=C2)=CS1

References

General References
  1. German P, Warren D, West S, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of an integrase and novel pharmacoenhancer-containing single-tablet fixed-dose combination regimen for the treatment of HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Nov;55(3):323-9. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181eb376b. [Article]
  2. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  3. Larson KB, Wang K, Delille C, Otofokun I, Acosta EP: Pharmacokinetic enhancers in HIV therapeutics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014 Oct;53(10):865-72. doi: 10.1007/s40262-014-0167-9. [Article]
  4. Lepist EI, Phan TK, Roy A, Tong L, Maclennan K, Murray B, Ray AS: Cobicistat boosts the intestinal absorption of transport substrates, including HIV protease inhibitors and GS-7340, in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Oct;56(10):5409-13. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01089-12. Epub 2012 Jul 30. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D09881
PubChem Compound
25151504
PubChem Substance
310264999
ChemSpider
25084912
BindingDB
50447471
RxNav
1306284
ChEBI
72291
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2095208
ZINC
ZINC000085537014
PharmGKB
PA166165092
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Cobicistat
FDA label
Download (467 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral
Tablet, coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral150 mg
TabletOral800.000 mg
TabletOral150 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral150 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral150 mg/1
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US7800788No2010-09-212022-02-02US flag
US5914331Yes1999-06-222018-01-02US flag
US6043230Yes2000-03-282018-01-25US flag
US5814639Yes1998-09-292017-03-29US flag
US6642245Yes2003-11-042021-05-04US flag
US6703396Yes2004-03-092021-09-09US flag
US5922695Yes1999-07-132018-01-25US flag
US5935946Yes1999-08-102018-01-25US flag
US5977089Yes1999-11-022018-01-25US flag
US8592397No2013-11-262024-01-13US flag
US8716264No2014-05-062024-01-13US flag
US5843946Yes1998-12-012016-06-01US flag
US7470506Yes2008-12-302019-12-23US flag
USRE43802Yes2012-11-132017-04-19US flag
US8597876Yes2013-12-032019-12-23US flag
US7700645Yes2010-04-202027-06-26US flag
USRE42889Yes2011-11-012017-04-19US flag
US8518987Yes2013-08-272024-08-16US flag
USRE43596Yes2012-08-212017-11-09US flag
US5849911Yes1998-12-152017-12-20US flag
US6087383Yes2000-07-112019-06-21US flag
US8148374Yes2012-04-032030-03-03US flag
US7635704Yes2009-12-222027-04-26US flag
US7176220Yes2007-02-132027-02-27US flag
US8981103Yes2015-03-172027-04-26US flag
US8633219Yes2014-01-212030-10-24US flag
US9296769Yes2016-03-292033-02-15US flag
US7803788No2010-09-282022-02-02US flag
US8754065Yes2014-06-172033-02-15US flag
US7390791Yes2008-06-242025-10-17US flag
US9457036No2016-10-042024-01-13US flag
US9744181No2017-08-292024-01-13US flag
US9891239Yes2018-02-132030-03-03US flag
US9889115Yes2018-02-132019-12-23US flag
US10039718Yes2018-08-072033-04-06US flag
US10786515No2020-09-292038-07-19US flag
US10786518No2020-09-292038-07-19US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
water solubility0.1 mg/mLFDA Label
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00125 mg/mLALOGPS
logP4.36ALOGPS
logP4.99Chemaxon
logS-5.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.18Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.69Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area138.02 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count20Chemaxon
Refractivity211.49 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability83.42 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0101002900-2c475b69ba670732f536
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-2341109300-6b981e0577625cd25e20
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00bl-0922004300-e8a059ee5ecaf742dde1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-006x-9300025400-eefad8bd9b0cac35f161
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-009x-0921205400-cea11f29a1c6ae5c3c4f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-5902231300-21f29ef29f86b5834b43
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-296.9942714
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-258.8442
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+299.4908714
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+260.77182
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+298.0614714
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+266.5122
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  2. Nanda K, Stuart GS, Robinson J, Gray AL, Tepper NK, Gaffield ME: Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals. AIDS. 2017 Apr 24;31(7):917-952. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001392. [Article]
  3. Wang P, Shehu AI, Liu K, Lu J, Ma X: Biotransformation of Cobicistat: Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes. Drug Metab Lett. 2016;10(2):111-23. [Article]
  4. FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers [Link]
  5. Cobicistat FDA Label [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  2. Tseng A, Hughes CA, Wu J, Seet J, Phillips EJ: Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir: Similar Pharmacokinetic Enhancers But Some Important Differences. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Nov;51(11):1008-1022. doi: 10.1177/1060028017717018. Epub 2017 Jun 19. [Article]
  3. Cobicistat FDA Label [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID
P24462
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A7
Molecular Weight
57525.03 Da
References
  1. Tseng A, Hughes CA, Wu J, Seet J, Phillips EJ: Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir: Similar Pharmacokinetic Enhancers But Some Important Differences. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Nov;51(11):1008-1022. doi: 10.1177/1060028017717018. Epub 2017 Jun 19. [Article]
  2. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  3. Cobicistat FDA Label [Link]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  2. Cobicistat FDA Label [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID
P24462
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A7
Molecular Weight
57525.03 Da
References
  1. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  2. Cobicistat FDA Label [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  2. Cobicistat versus ritonavir boosting and differences in the drug–drug interaction profiles with co-medications [Link]
  3. Cobicistat FDA Label [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Tseng A, Hughes CA, Wu J, Seet J, Phillips EJ: Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir: Similar Pharmacokinetic Enhancers But Some Important Differences. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Nov;51(11):1008-1022. doi: 10.1177/1060028017717018. Epub 2017 Jun 19. [Article]
  2. Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [Article]
  3. Cobicistat FDA Label [Link]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Lepist EI, Phan TK, Roy A, Tong L, Maclennan K, Murray B, Ray AS: Cobicistat boosts the intestinal absorption of transport substrates, including HIV protease inhibitors and GS-7340, in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Oct;56(10):5409-13. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01089-12. Epub 2012 Jul 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Lepist EI, Phan TK, Roy A, Tong L, Maclennan K, Murray B, Ray AS: Cobicistat boosts the intestinal absorption of transport substrates, including HIV protease inhibitors and GS-7340, in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Oct;56(10):5409-13. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01089-12. Epub 2012 Jul 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
Gene Name
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID
Q9Y6L6
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
Molecular Weight
76447.99 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
Gene Name
SLCO1B3
Uniprot ID
Q9NPD5
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
Molecular Weight
77402.175 Da

Drug created at May 11, 2015 22:33 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55