Identification
- Summary
Copper is a transition metal found in a variety of supplements and vitamins, including intravenous solutions for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
- Brand Names
- Paragard T 380a, Vitafol-one
- Generic Name
- Copper
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09130
- Background
Copper is a transition metal and a trace element in the body. It is important to the function of many enzymes including cytochrome c oxidase, monoamine oxidase and superoxide dismutase Label. Copper is commonly used in contraceptive intrauterine devices (IUD) 5.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Copper (DB09130)
- Weight
- Average: 63.546
Monoisotopic: 62.929601079 - Chemical Formula
- Cu
- Synonyms
- cobre
- cuivre
- cuprum
- Kupfer
Pharmacology
- Indication
For use in the supplementation of total parenteral nutrition and in contraception with intrauterine devices Label 5.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Copper is incorporated into many enzymes throughout the body as an essential part of their function 2. Copper ions are known to reduce fertility when released from copper-containing IUDs 3.
- Mechanism of action
Copper is absorbed from the gut via high affinity copper uptake protein and likely through low affinity copper uptake protein and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-2 4. It is believed that copper is reduced to the Cu1+ form prior to transport. Once inside the enterocyte, it is bound to copper transport protein ATOX1 which shuttles the ion to copper transporting ATPase-1 on the golgi membrane which take up copper into the golgi apparatus. Once copper has been secreted by enterocytes into the systemic circulation it remain largely bound by ceruloplasmin (65-90%), albumin (18%), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (12%).
Copper is an essential element in the body and is incorporated into many oxidase enzymes as a cofactor 2. It is also a component of zinc/copper super oxide dismutase, giving it an anti-oxidant role. Copper defiency occurs in Occipital Horn Syndrome and Menke's disease both of which are associated with impaired development of connective tissue due to the lack of copper to act as a cofactor in protein-lysine-6-oxidase. Menke's disease is also associated with progressive neurological impairment leading to death in infancy. The precise mechanisms of the effects of copper deficiency are vague due to the wide range of enzymes which use the ion as a cofactor.
Copper appears to reduce the viabilty and motility of spermatozoa 3. This reduces the likelihood of fertilization with a copper IUD, producing copper's contraceptive effect 3. The exact mechanism of copper's effect on sperm are unknown.
- Absorption
Copper absorption varies inversely with intake. Absorption range is 12-65%.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Copper is nearly entirely bound by ceruloplasmin (65-90%), plasma albumin (18%), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (12%) 4.
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Copper appears to be eliminated primarily through bile 1.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Copper toxicity is belevied to be due to fenton-type redox reactions occuring with high copper concentrations which produce damaging reactive oxygen species 1.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareConjugated estrogens Conjugated estrogens can cause an increase in the absorption of Copper resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. Dienestrol Dienestrol can cause an increase in the absorption of Copper resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. Estradiol Estradiol can cause an increase in the absorption of Copper resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. Estradiol acetate Estradiol acetate can cause an increase in the absorption of Copper resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. Estriol Estriol can cause an increase in the absorption of Copper resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Cupric oxide unknown V1XJQ704R4 1317-38-0 KKCXRELNMOYFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ParaGard T 380A Intrauterine device 313.4 mg/1 Intrauterine Teva Women's Health LLC 2004-01-01 2024-04-30 US 
ParaGard T 380A Intrauterine device 313.4 mg/1 Intrauterine CooperSurgical, Inc. 2017-11-02 Not applicable US ParaGard T380A Intrauterine device 311 mg/1 Intrauterine Duramed Pharmaceuticals Inc 2007-08-04 2007-08-04 US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Antibacterial PVC film Film 0.3 g/100g Topical DH Investment Co Ltd 2020-06-27 Not applicable US Chela Copper Tab 3mg Tablet 3 mg / tab Oral Nu Life Nutrition Ltd. 1986-12-31 2000-03-03 Canada 
Chelated Copper Supplement - Tab 2mg Tablet 2 mg / tab Oral Albion 1996-09-06 2001-09-07 Canada Chelazome Copper Cap 5mg Capsule 5 mg Oral Trophic Canada Ltd. 1987-12-31 2008-08-29 Canada Copper Chelate - 5mg Tab Tablet 5 mg Oral Professional Health Products 1995-12-31 2010-05-10 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 24 Multivitamins + Minerals Copper (1 mg) + Ascorbic acid (150 mg) + Beta carotene (10000 unit) + Biotin (25 mcg) + Calcium (130 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Choline bitartrate (25 mg) + Chromium (20 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Ferrous fumarate (15 mg) + Folic acid (.8 mg) + Inositol (25 mg) + Magnesium (65 mg) + Manganese (2 mg) + Molybdenum (20 mcg) + Niacin (25 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (25 mg) + Potassium (15 mg) + Potassium Iodide (.1 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Racemethionine (25 mg) + Riboflavin (25 mg) + Selenium (20 mcg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Vanadium (20 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (5000 unit) + Vitamin E (50 unit) + Zinc (10 mg) Tablet Oral Stanley Pharmaceuticals, A Division Of Vita Health Products Inc. 1997-04-30 2002-07-31 Canada 50 Plus Multiple Vitamins & Minerals Copper (2 mg) + Ascorbic acid (90 mg) + Biotin (45 mcg) + Calcium (200 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Chromium (10 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Folic acid (0.4 mg) + Magnesium (100 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Molybdenum (25 mcg) + Nicotinamide (40 mg) + Pantothenic acid (10 mg) + Potassium Iodide (0.15 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg) + Riboflavin (3.2 mg) + Selenium (25 mcg) + Thiamine mononitrate (2.25 mg) + Vanadium (10 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (6000 unit) + Zinc (15 mg) Tablet Oral Gfr Pharma Ltd. 2002-10-20 2004-06-15 Canada A.R.T.H. Away Formula Copper (0.232 mg) + Calcium (24 mg) + Cholecalciferol (45 unit) + Folic acid (0.025 mg) + Manganese (0.58 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.5 mg) + Selenium (1.54 mcg) + Zinc (0.63 mg) Capsule Oral Abundance Naturally Ltd 1999-02-01 2006-06-16 Canada A/o-26 - Caplet Copper (1 mg) + Beta carotene (7500 unit) + Calcium (75 mg) + Calcium ascorbate (250 mg) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (100 unit) + Folic acid (.4 mg) + Manganese (2.5 mg) + Racemethionine (50 mg) + Selenium (100 mcg) + Zinc (7.5 mg) Tablet Oral Enviro Tech International Canada 1996-12-19 1999-07-26 Canada Actyform Copper (1 mg) + Iron (4.18 mg) + Magnesium (61.15 mg) + Zinc (9 mg) Capsule Oral Technodiet S.E.N.C. 1999-10-26 2008-08-13 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Antibacterial PVC film Copper (0.3 g/100g) Film Topical DH Investment Co Ltd 2020-06-27 Not applicable US Cavan-EC SOD DHA Copper (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (130 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (410 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (440 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (28 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (30 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 mg/1) + Zinc (26 mg/1) Kit Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-01-10 2014-07-15 US CitraNatal Assure Copper (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (300 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (0.75 mg/1) + Iodine (150 ug/1) + Iron (35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) + Zinc (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Mission Pharmacal 2008-11-19 Not applicable US CitraNatal Assure Copper (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (124 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (300 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (0.75 mg/1) + Iodine (150 ug/1) + Iron (35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) + Zinc (25 mg/1) Capsule; Kit; Tablet, coated Oral Mission Pharmacal Company 2014-04-30 Not applicable US CitraNatal Essence Copper (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (140 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (300 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (0.75 mg/1) + Iodine (150 ug/1) + Iron (35 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) + Zinc (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Mission Pharmacal Company 2020-07-07 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous metal compounds
- Class
- Homogeneous transition metal compounds
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Homogeneous transition metal compounds
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Homogeneous transition metal
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- elemental copper (CHEBI:30052)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 789U1901C5
- CAS number
- 7440-50-8
- InChI Key
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Cu
- IUPAC Name
- copper
- SMILES
- [Cu]
References
- General References
- Bost M, Houdart S, Oberli M, Kalonji E, Huneau JF, Margaritis I: Dietary copper and human health: Current evidence and unresolved issues. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016 May;35:107-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Mar 5. [Article]
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Ortiz ME, Croxatto HB: Copper-T intrauterine device and levonorgestrel intrauterine system: biological bases of their mechanism of action. Contraception. 2007 Jun;75(6 Suppl):S16-30. Epub 2007 Mar 29. [Article]
- van den Berghe PV, Klomp LW: New developments in the regulation of intestinal copper absorption. Nutr Rev. 2009 Nov;67(11):658-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00250.x. [Article]
- Product Monograph: Copper IUD [Link]
- External Links
- FDA label
- Download (139 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (107 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Basic Science Contraceptive; Complications, Intrauterine / Mucosal Inflammation 1 4 Completed Other Contraception 1 4 Completed Prevention Contraception 1 4 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1 / Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G2 / Hepatic Metastases / Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm / Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor G1 / Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor G2 1 4 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Manganese Safety in Adults 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Film Topical 0.3 g/100g Tablet Oral 3 mg / tab Tablet Oral 2 mg / tab Capsule Oral 5 mg Capsule; kit; tablet, coated Oral Kit Oral Tablet Oral 5 mg Tablet, chewable Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet, effervescent Oral Liquid Oral Liquid Intravenous Tablet Oral Capsule Oral Intrauterine device Intrauterine 313.4 mg/1 Intrauterine device Intrauterine 311 mg/1 Capsule, coated Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Capsule Tablet, coated Oral Tablet, extended release Oral Powder, for solution Oral Tablet Capsule, liquid filled; kit Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Powder Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 1083 MSDS boiling point (°C) 2597 MSDS water solubility 8.96g/mL MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1.3 ALOGPS logP 0.16 Chemaxon logS 1.08 ALOGPS Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 0 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 1.78 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Transition metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and tra...
- Gene Name
- APP
- Uniprot ID
- P05067
- Uniprot Name
- Amyloid beta A4 protein
- Molecular Weight
- 86942.715 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Suzuki K, Miura T, Takeuchi H: Inhibitory effect of copper(II) on zinc(II)-induced aggregation of amyloid beta-peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 27;285(4):991-6. [Article]
- White AR, Multhaup G, Galatis D, McKinstry WJ, Parker MW, Pipkorn R, Beyreuther K, Masters CL, Cappai R: Contrasting, species-dependent modulation of copper-mediated neurotoxicity by the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein. J Neurosci. 2002 Jan 15;22(2):365-76. [Article]
- Hesse L, Beher D, Masters CL, Multhaup G: The beta A4 amyloid precursor protein binding to copper. FEBS Lett. 1994 Jul 25;349(1):109-16. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Allosteric modulator
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Adenosylhomocysteine is a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl transferase reactions; therefore adenosylhomocysteinase may play a key role in the control of methylation...
- Gene Name
- AHCY
- Uniprot ID
- P23526
- Uniprot Name
- Adenosylhomocysteinase
- Molecular Weight
- 47715.715 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Dna binding
- Specific Function
- Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a centra...
- Gene Name
- HIST1H2BC
- Uniprot ID
- P62807
- Uniprot Name
- Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I
- Molecular Weight
- 13906.035 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Peptidyl-cysteine s-nitrosylase activity
- Specific Function
- Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including tran...
- Gene Name
- GAPDH
- Uniprot ID
- P04406
- Uniprot Name
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 36053.0 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ribosomal small subunit binding
- Specific Function
- Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-sit...
- Gene Name
- NME1
- Uniprot ID
- P15531
- Uniprot Name
- Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A
- Molecular Weight
- 17148.635 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Poly(a) rna binding
- Specific Function
- Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains int...
- Gene Name
- HIST1H1E
- Uniprot ID
- P10412
- Uniprot Name
- Histone H1.4
- Molecular Weight
- 21865.02 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thioredoxin peroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system but not from glutaredoxin. May play an important role in eliminating pe...
- Gene Name
- PRDX1
- Uniprot ID
- Q06830
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxiredoxin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 22110.19 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex directs selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH and probably multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-nitrosylation site selectivity.
- Specific Function
- Arachidonic acid binding
- Gene Name
- S100A8
- Uniprot ID
- P05109
- Uniprot Name
- Protein S100-A8
- Molecular Weight
- 10834.43 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal s...
- Gene Name
- RPSA
- Uniprot ID
- P08865
- Uniprot Name
- 40S ribosomal protein SA
- Molecular Weight
- 32853.79 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
- Gene Name
- ACTG1
- Uniprot ID
- P63261
- Uniprot Name
- Actin, cytoplasmic 2
- Molecular Weight
- 41792.48 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transcription factor activity, sequence-specific dna binding
- Specific Function
- Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravas...
- Gene Name
- ENO1
- Uniprot ID
- P06733
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-enolase
- Molecular Weight
- 47168.555 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Trna binding
- Specific Function
- This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. With PARP1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T helper 1 (Th1) cell-sp...
- Gene Name
- EEF1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P68104
- Uniprot Name
- Elongation factor 1-alpha 1
- Molecular Weight
- 50140.565 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Together with KRT19, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle.
- Gene Name
- KRT8
- Uniprot ID
- P05787
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8
- Molecular Weight
- 53703.76 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attach...
- Gene Name
- P4HB
- Uniprot ID
- P07237
- Uniprot Name
- Protein disulfide-isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 57115.795 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
- Gene Name
- PDIA3
- Uniprot ID
- P30101
- Uniprot Name
- Protein disulfide-isomerase A3
- Molecular Weight
- 56781.84 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Chaperonin implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly. Together with Hsp10, facilitates the correct folding of imported proteins. May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix (PubMed:1346131, PubMed:11422376). The functional units of these chaperonins consist of heptameric rings of the large subunit Hsp60, which function as a back-to-back double ring. In a cyclic reaction, Hsp60 ring complexes bind one unfolded substrate protein per ring, followed by the binding of ATP and association with 2 heptameric rings of the co-chaperonin Hsp10. This leads to sequestration of the substrate protein in the inner cavity of Hsp60 where, for a certain period of time, it can fold undisturbed by other cell components. Synchronous hydrolysis of ATP in all Hsp60 subunits results in the dissociation of the chaperonin rings and the release of ADP and the folded substrate protein (Probable).
- Specific Function
- Apolipoprotein a-i binding
- Gene Name
- HSPD1
- Uniprot ID
- P10809
- Uniprot Name
- 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 61054.17 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Has peptide-independent ATPase activity.
- Specific Function
- Atp binding
- Gene Name
- HSPA13
- Uniprot ID
- P48723
- Uniprot Name
- Heat shock 70 kDa protein 13
- Molecular Weight
- 51927.08 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Unfolded protein binding
- Specific Function
- Probably plays a role in facilitating the assembly of multimeric protein complexes inside the endoplasmic reticulum. Involved in the correct folding of proteins and degradation of misfolded protein...
- Gene Name
- HSPA5
- Uniprot ID
- P11021
- Uniprot Name
- 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
- Molecular Weight
- 72332.425 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Virion binding
- Specific Function
- Molecular chaperone that functions in the processing and transport of secreted proteins. When associated with CNPY3, required for proper folding of Toll-like receptors (By similarity). Functions in...
- Gene Name
- HSP90B1
- Uniprot ID
- P14625
- Uniprot Name
- Endoplasmin
- Molecular Weight
- 92468.06 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transferrin receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from si...
- Gene Name
- TF
- Uniprot ID
- P02787
- Uniprot Name
- Serotransferrin
- Molecular Weight
- 77063.195 Da
References
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Luo LZ, Jin HW, Huang L, Huang HQ: Different binding affinities of Pb2+ and Cu2+ to glycosylation variants of human serum transferrin interfere with the detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Dec;144(1-3):487-95. doi: 10.1007/s12011-011-9150-6. Epub 2011 Jul 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Mouse
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Metal ion binding
- Gene Name
- Lyar
- Uniprot ID
- Q08288
- Uniprot Name
- Cell growth-regulating nucleolar protein
- Molecular Weight
- 43735.435 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Cadherin binding
- Gene Name
- RPS2
- Uniprot ID
- P15880
- Uniprot Name
- 40S ribosomal protein S2
- Molecular Weight
- 31324.22 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Plays a role in preventing exon skipping, ensuring the accuracy of splicing and regulating alternative splicing. Interacts with other spliceosomal components, via the RS domains, to form a bridge between the 5'- and 3'-splice site binding components, U1 snRNP and U2AF. Can stimulate binding of U1 snRNP to a 5'-splice site-containing pre-mRNA. Binds to purine-rich RNA sequences, either the octamer, 5'-RGAAGAAC-3' (r=A or G) or the decamers, AGGACAGAGC/AGGACGAAGC. Binds preferentially to the 5'-CGAGGCG-3' motif in vitro. Three copies of the octamer constitute a powerful splicing enhancer in vitro, the ASF/SF2 splicing enhancer (ASE) which can specifically activate ASE-dependent splicing. Isoform ASF-2 and isoform ASF-3 act as splicing repressors. May function as export adapter involved in mRNA nuclear export through the TAP/NXF1 pathway.
- Specific Function
- Dna topoisomerase binding
- Gene Name
- SRSF1
- Uniprot ID
- Q07955
- Uniprot Name
- Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 27744.335 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) that associates with nascent pre-mRNAs, packaging them into hnRNP particles. The hnRNP particle arrangement on nascent hnRNA is non-random and sequence-dependent and serves to condense and stabilize the transcripts and minimize tangling and knotting. Packaging plays a role in various processes such as transcription, pre-mRNA processing, RNA nuclear export, subcellular location, mRNA translation and stability of mature mRNAs (PubMed:19099192). Forms hnRNP particles with at least 20 other different hnRNP and heterogeneous nuclear RNA in the nucleus. Involved in transport of specific mRNAs to the cytoplasm in oligodendrocytes and neurons: acts by specifically recognizing and binding the A2RE (21 nucleotide hnRNP A2 response element) or the A2RE11 (derivative 11 nucleotide oligonucleotide) sequence motifs present on some mRNAs, and promotes their transport to the cytoplasm (PubMed:10567417). Specifically binds single-stranded telomeric DNA sequences, protecting telomeric DNA repeat against endonuclease digestion (By similarity). Also binds other RNA molecules, such as primary miRNA (pri-miRNAs): acts as a nuclear 'reader' of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mark by specifically recognizing and binding a subset of nuclear m6A-containing pri-miRNAs. Binding to m6A-containing pri-miRNAs promotes pri-miRNA processing by enhancing binding of DGCR8 to pri-miRNA transcripts (PubMed:26321680). Involved in miRNA sorting into exosomes following sumoylation, possibly by binding (m6A)-containing pre-miRNAs (PubMed:24356509). Acts as a regulator of efficiency of mRNA splicing, possibly by binding to m6A-containing pre-mRNAs (PubMed:26321680).
- Specific Function
- G-rich strand telomeric dna binding
- Gene Name
- HNRNPA2B1
- Uniprot ID
- P22626
- Uniprot Name
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1
- Molecular Weight
- 37429.71 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- This protein is a component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes which provide the substrate for the processing events that pre-mRNAs undergo before becoming functional, translatable mRNAs in the cytoplasm. Mediates pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation. Inhibits, together with CUGBP1, insulin receptor (IR) pre-mRNA exon 11 inclusion in myoblast. Binds to the IR RNA. Binds poly(RG).
- Specific Function
- Poly(u) rna binding
- Gene Name
- HNRNPH1
- Uniprot ID
- P31943
- Uniprot Name
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H
- Molecular Weight
- 49229.25 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the splicing process and participates in early heat shock-induced splicing arrest. Due to their great structural variations the different isoforms may possess different functions in the splicing reaction.
- Specific Function
- Rna binding
- Gene Name
- HNRNPH3
- Uniprot ID
- P31942
- Uniprot Name
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H3
- Molecular Weight
- 36926.445 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Treponema denticola (strain ATCC 35405 / CIP 103919 / DSM 14222)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the methylation of C-1 in cobalt-precorrin-5B to form cobalt-precorrin-6A.
- Specific Function
- Methyltransferase activity
- Gene Name
- cbiD
- Uniprot ID
- P61987
- Uniprot Name
- Cobalt-precorrin-5B C(1)-methyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 39699.48 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Splicing factor binding to exonic or intronic sites and acting as either an activator or repressor of exon inclusion. Exhibits a binding preference for CA-rich elements (PubMed:11809897, PubMed:22570490, PubMed:24164894, PubMed:25623890, PubMed:26051023). Component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes and associated with most nascent transcripts (PubMed:2687284). Associates, together with APEX1, to the negative calcium responsive element (nCaRE) B2 of the APEX2 promoter (PubMed:11809897).
- Specific Function
- Mrna 3'-utr binding
- Gene Name
- HNRNPL
- Uniprot ID
- P14866
- Uniprot Name
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L
- Molecular Weight
- 64132.45 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- DNA- and RNA binding protein, involved in several nuclear processes. Essential pre-mRNA splicing factor required early in spliceosome formation and for splicing catalytic step II, probably as a heteromer with NONO. Binds to pre-mRNA in spliceosome C complex, and specifically binds to intronic polypyrimidine tracts. Involved in regulation of signal-induced alternative splicing. During splicing of PTPRC/CD45, a phosphorylated form is sequestered by THRAP3 from the pre-mRNA in resting T-cells; T-cell activation and subsequent reduced phosphorylation is proposed to lead to release from THRAP3 allowing binding to pre-mRNA splicing regulatotry elements which represses exon inclusion. Interacts with U5 snRNA, probably by binding to a purine-rich sequence located on the 3' side of U5 snRNA stem 1b. May be involved in a pre-mRNA coupled splicing and polyadenylation process as component of a snRNP-free complex with SNRPA/U1A. The SFPQ-NONO heteromer associated with MATR3 may play a role in nuclear retention of defective RNAs. SFPQ may be involved in homologous DNA pairing; in vitro, promotes the invasion of ssDNA between a duplex DNA and produces a D-loop formation. The SFPQ-NONO heteromer may be involved in DNA unwinding by modulating the function of topoisomerase I/TOP1; in vitro, stimulates dissociation of TOP1 from DNA after cleavage and enhances its jumping between separate DNA helices. The SFPQ-NONO heteromer binds DNA (PubMed:25765647). The SFPQ-NONO heteromer may be involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination and may stabilize paired DNA ends; in vitro, the complex strongly stimulates DNA end joining, binds directly to the DNA substrates and cooperates with the Ku70/G22P1-Ku80/XRCC5 (Ku) dimer to establish a functional preligation complex. SFPQ is involved in transcriptional regulation. Functions as transcriptional activator (PubMed:25765647). Transcriptional repression is mediated by an interaction of SFPQ with SIN3A and subsequent recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDACs). The SFPQ-NONO-NR5A1 complex binds to the CYP17 promoter and regulates basal and cAMP-dependent transcriptional avtivity. SFPQ isoform Long binds to the DNA binding domains (DBD) of nuclear hormone receptors, like RXRA and probably THRA, and acts as transcriptional corepressor in absence of hormone ligands. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-CTGAGTC-3' in the insulin-like growth factor response element (IGFRE) and inhibits IGF-I-stimulated transcriptional activity. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer. Required for the transcriptional repression of circadian target genes, such as PER1, mediated by the large PER complex through histone deacetylation (By similarity). Required for the assembly of nuclear speckles (PubMed:25765647).
- Specific Function
- Chromatin binding
- Gene Name
- SFPQ
- Uniprot ID
- P23246
- Uniprot Name
- Splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich
- Molecular Weight
- 76149.15 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Subunit of the splicing factor SF3A required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA. May also be involved in the assembly of the 'E' complex.
- Specific Function
- Rna binding
- Gene Name
- SF3A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q15428
- Uniprot Name
- Splicing factor 3A subunit 2
- Molecular Weight
- 49255.355 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the recruitment, assembly and/or regulation of a variety of signaling molecules. Interacts with a wide variety of proteins and plays a role in many cellular processes. Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit involved in translational repression (PubMed:23636399). Involved in the initiation of the ribosome quality control (RQC), a pathway that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, by promoting ubiquitination of a subset of 40S ribosomal subunits (PubMed:28132843). Binds to and stabilizes activated protein kinase C (PKC), increasing PKC-mediated phosphorylation. May recruit activated PKC to the ribosome, leading to phosphorylation of EIF6. Inhibits the activity of SRC kinases including SRC, LCK and YES1. Inhibits cell growth by prolonging the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Enhances phosphorylation of BMAL1 by PRKCA and inhibits transcriptional activity of the BMAL1-CLOCK heterodimer. Facilitates ligand-independent nuclear translocation of AR following PKC activation, represses AR transactivation activity and is required for phosphorylation of AR by SRC. Modulates IGF1R-dependent integrin signaling and promotes cell spreading and contact with the extracellular matrix. Involved in PKC-dependent translocation of ADAM12 to the cell membrane. Promotes the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins such as CLEC1B and HIF1A. Required for VANGL2 membrane localization, inhibits Wnt signaling, and regulates cellular polarization and oriented cell division during gastrulation. Required for PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Regulates internalization of the muscarinic receptor CHRM2. Promotes apoptosis by increasing oligomerization of BAX and disrupting the interaction of BAX with the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2L. Inhibits TRPM6 channel activity. Regulates cell surface expression of some GPCRs such as TBXA2R. Plays a role in regulation of FLT1-mediated cell migration. Involved in the transport of ABCB4 from the Golgi to the apical bile canalicular membrane (PubMed:19674157). Promotes migration of breast carcinoma cells by binding to and activating RHOA (PubMed:20499158).
- Specific Function
- Cadherin binding
- Gene Name
- RACK1
- Uniprot ID
- P63244
- Uniprot Name
- Receptor of activated protein C kinase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 35076.47 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein.
- Specific Function
- Actin filament binding
- Gene Name
- ACTN1
- Uniprot ID
- P12814
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-actinin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 103056.695 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Metallopeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the hydrolysis of N-acylated or N-acetylated amino acids (except L-aspartate).
- Gene Name
- ACY1
- Uniprot ID
- Q03154
- Uniprot Name
- Aminoacylase-1
- Molecular Weight
- 45884.705 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Calcium/phospholipid-binding protein which promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis.
- Specific Function
- Calcium ion binding
- Gene Name
- ANXA4
- Uniprot ID
- P09525
- Uniprot Name
- Annexin A4
- Molecular Weight
- 35882.36 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phospholipid binding
- Specific Function
- This protein is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade.
- Gene Name
- ANXA5
- Uniprot ID
- P08758
- Uniprot Name
- Annexin A5
- Molecular Weight
- 35936.375 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently wit...
- Gene Name
- CALR
- Uniprot ID
- P27797
- Uniprot Name
- Calreticulin
- Molecular Weight
- 48141.2 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyruvate kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general rol...
- Gene Name
- PKM
- Uniprot ID
- P14618
- Uniprot Name
- Pyruvate kinase PKM
- Molecular Weight
- 57936.38 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- L-glucuronate reductase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of mevaldate to mevalonic acid and of glyceraldehyd...
- Gene Name
- AKR1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P14550
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
- Molecular Weight
- 36572.71 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction.
- Gene Name
- CYB5R3
- Uniprot ID
- P00387
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
- Molecular Weight
- 34234.55 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function
- Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
- Gene Name
- GSR
- Uniprot ID
- P00390
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 56256.565 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transketolase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate.
- Gene Name
- TKT
- Uniprot ID
- P29401
- Uniprot Name
- Transketolase
- Molecular Weight
- 67876.95 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thioredoxin peroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. It is not able to receive electrons from glutaredoxin. May play an imp...
- Gene Name
- PRDX2
- Uniprot ID
- P32119
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxiredoxin-2
- Molecular Weight
- 21891.725 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Can reduce H(2)O(2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. May play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as wel...
- Gene Name
- PRDX6
- Uniprot ID
- P30041
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxiredoxin-6
- Molecular Weight
- 25034.715 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Virion binding
- Specific Function
- PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
- Gene Name
- PPIA
- Uniprot ID
- P62937
- Uniprot Name
- Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A
- Molecular Weight
- 18012.42 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Unfolded protein binding
- Specific Function
- Acts as a repressor of transcriptional activation. Inhibits the transcriptional coactivator activity of CITED1 on Smad-mediated transcription. Chaperone. Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that f...
- Gene Name
- HSPA8
- Uniprot ID
- P11142
- Uniprot Name
- Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
- Molecular Weight
- 70897.565 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Tpr domain binding
- Specific Function
- Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Under...
- Gene Name
- HSP90AA1
- Uniprot ID
- P07900
- Uniprot Name
- Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 84659.015 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Unfolded protein binding
- Specific Function
- Cytosolic prostaglandin synthase that catalyzes the oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (PubMed:10922363). Molecular chaperone that localizes to genomi...
- Gene Name
- PTGES3
- Uniprot ID
- Q15185
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin E synthase 3
- Molecular Weight
- 18697.195 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90AA1 (PubMed:27353360). Mediates the association of the molecular chaperones HSPA8/HSC70 and HSP90 (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- Chaperone binding
- Gene Name
- STIP1
- Uniprot ID
- P31948
- Uniprot Name
- Stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 62638.7 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. Behaves as a stimulatory translation initiation factor downstream insulin/growth factors. Is also involved in ribosome biogenesis. Associates with pre-60S subunits in the nucleus and is involved in its nuclear export. Cytoplasmic release of TIF6 from 60S subunits and nuclear relocalization is promoted by a RACK1 (RACK1)-dependent protein kinase C activity (PubMed:10085284, PubMed:14654845, PubMed:21536732). In tissues responsive to insulin, controls fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis by exerting translational control of adipogenic transcription factors such as CEBPB, CEBPD and ATF4 that have G/C rich or uORF in their 5'UTR. Required for ROS-dependent megakaryocyte maturation and platelets formation, controls the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis (By similarity). Involved in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Required for both miRNA-mediated translational repression and miRNA-mediated cleavage of complementary mRNAs by RISC (PubMed:17507929). Modulates cell cycle progression and global translation of pre-B cells, its activation seems to be rate-limiting in tumorigenesis and tumor growth (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- Ribosomal large subunit binding
- Gene Name
- EIF6
- Uniprot ID
- P56537
- Uniprot Name
- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6
- Molecular Weight
- 26598.84 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is a subunit of the eIF4F complex involved in cap recognition and is required for mRNA binding to ribosome. In the current model of translation initiation, eIF4A unwinds RNA secondary structures in the 5'-UTR of mRNAs which is necessary to allow efficient binding of the small ribosomal subunit, and subsequent scanning for the initiator codon.
- Specific Function
- Atp binding
- Gene Name
- EIF4A1
- Uniprot ID
- P60842
- Uniprot Name
- Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I
- Molecular Weight
- 46153.525 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, mammalian GPI can function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. GPI is also a neurotrophi...
- Gene Name
- GPI
- Uniprot ID
- P06744
- Uniprot Name
- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 63146.745 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- LDHA
- Uniprot ID
- P00338
- Uniprot Name
- L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain
- Molecular Weight
- 36688.465 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phosphoglycerate kinase activity
- Specific Function
- In addition to its role as a glycolytic enzyme, it seems that PGK-1 acts as a polymerase alpha cofactor protein (primer recognition protein).
- Gene Name
- PGK1
- Uniprot ID
- P00558
- Uniprot Name
- Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 44614.36 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Structural constituent of cytoskeleton
- Specific Function
- Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.
- Gene Name
- TUBA3C
- Uniprot ID
- Q13748
- Uniprot Name
- Tubulin alpha-3C/D chain
- Molecular Weight
- 49959.145 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.
- Gene Name
- TUBB
- Uniprot ID
- P07437
- Uniprot Name
- Tubulin beta chain
- Molecular Weight
- 49670.515 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role...
- Gene Name
- CFL1
- Uniprot ID
- P23528
- Uniprot Name
- Cofilin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 18502.315 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negative regulator of osteogenesis. Blocks the nuclear translocation of the phosphorylated form (by AKT1) of SRPK2 and antagonizes its stimulatory effect on cyclin D1 expression resulting in blockage of neuronal apoptosis elicited by SRPK2. Negative regulator of signaling cascades that mediate activation of MAP kinases via AKAP13.
- Specific Function
- Cadherin binding
- Gene Name
- YWHAB
- Uniprot ID
- P31946
- Uniprot Name
- 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 28082.165 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function
- Biosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L-cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a sca...
- Gene Name
- GOT1
- Uniprot ID
- P17174
- Uniprot Name
- Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic
- Molecular Weight
- 46247.14 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- GSS
- Uniprot ID
- P48637
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione synthetase
- Molecular Weight
- 52384.325 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Heparin-binding protein, with mitogenic activity for fibroblasts. Acts as a transcriptional repressor.
- Specific Function
- Dna binding
- Gene Name
- HDGF
- Uniprot ID
- P51858
- Uniprot Name
- Hepatoma-derived growth factor
- Molecular Weight
- 26788.105 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- IDH3A
- Uniprot ID
- P50213
- Uniprot Name
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 39591.365 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Voltage-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Can insert into membranes and form chloride ion channels. Channel activity depends on the pH. Membrane insertion seems to be redox-regulated and may occur only under oxydizing conditions. Involved ...
- Gene Name
- CLIC1
- Uniprot ID
- O00299
- Uniprot Name
- Chloride intracellular channel protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 26922.47 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Implicated in immunoproteasome assembly and required for efficient antigen processing. The PA28 activator complex enhances the generation of class I binding peptides by altering the cleavage pattern of the proteasome.
- Specific Function
- Endopeptidase activator activity
- Gene Name
- PSME1
- Uniprot ID
- Q06323
- Uniprot Name
- Proteasome activator complex subunit 1
- Molecular Weight
- 28722.9 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Binds ATP, opioids and phosphatidylethanolamine. Has lower affinity for phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Serine protease inhibitor which inhibits thrombin, neuropsin and chymotrypsin b...
- Gene Name
- PEBP1
- Uniprot ID
- P30086
- Uniprot Name
- Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 21056.65 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Interconversion of 3- and 2-phosphoglycerate with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as the primer of the reaction. Can also catalyze the reaction of EC 5.4.2.4 (synthase), but with a reduced activity.
- Specific Function
- 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase activity
- Gene Name
- PGAM1
- Uniprot ID
- P18669
- Uniprot Name
- Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 28803.675 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Inhibits GTP exchange on Ran. Forms a Ran-GTP-RANBP1 trimeric complex. Increase GTP hydrolysis induced by the Ran GTPase activating protein RANGAP1. May act in an intracellular signaling pathway which may control the progression through the cell cycle by regulating the transport of protein and nucleic acids across the nuclear membrane.
- Specific Function
- Cadherin binding
- Gene Name
- RANBP1
- Uniprot ID
- P43487
- Uniprot Name
- Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein
- Molecular Weight
- 23309.92 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Udp-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate.
- Gene Name
- UGDH
- Uniprot ID
- O60701
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 55023.545 Da
References
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function
- Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system.
- Gene Name
- B2M
- Uniprot ID
- P61769
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-2-microglobulin
- Molecular Weight
- 13714.43 Da
References
- Deng NJ, Yan L, Singh D, Cieplak P: Molecular basis for the Cu2+ binding-induced destabilization of beta2-microglobulin revealed by molecular dynamics simulation. Biophys J. 2006 Jun 1;90(11):3865-79. Epub 2006 Mar 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Copper ion binding
- Specific Function
- Thought to play a role in cellular copper homeostasis, mitochondrial redox signaling or insertion of copper into the active site of COX.
- Gene Name
- SCO1
- Uniprot ID
- O75880
- Uniprot Name
- Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 33813.69 Da
References
- Banci L, Bertini I, Calderone V, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Mangani S, Martinelli M, Palumaa P, Wang S: A hint for the function of human Sco1 from different structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 6;103(23):8595-600. Epub 2006 May 30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- PRNP
- Uniprot ID
- F7VJQ1
- Uniprot Name
- Alternative prion protein
- Molecular Weight
- 8690.77 Da
References
- Wells MA, Jackson GS, Jones S, Hosszu LL, Craven CJ, Clarke AR, Collinge J, Waltho JP: A reassessment of copper(II) binding in the full-length prion protein. Biochem J. 2006 Nov 1;399(3):435-44. [Article]
- Merle U, Stremmel W, Gessner R: Influence of homozygosity for methionine at codon 129 of the human prion gene on the onset of neurological and hepatic symptoms in Wilson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006 Jul;63(7):982-5. [Article]
- Shiraishi N, Utsunomiya H, Nishikimi M: Combination of NADPH and copper ions generates proteinase K-resistant aggregates from recombinant prion protein. J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 17;281(46):34880-7. Epub 2006 Sep 21. [Article]
- Shearer J, Soh P: The copper(II) adduct of the unstructured region of the amyloidogenic fragment derived from the human prion protein is redox-active at physiological pH. Inorg Chem. 2007 Feb 5;46(3):710-9. [Article]
- Valensin G, Molteni E, Valensin D, Taraszkiewicz M, Kozlowski H: Molecular dynamics study of the Cu2+ binding-induced "structuring" of the N-terminal domain of human prion protein. J Phys Chem B. 2009 Mar 19;113(11):3277-9. doi: 10.1021/jp901030a. [Article]
- Pushie MJ, Vogel HJ: A potential mechanism for Cu2+ reduction, beta-cleavage, and beta-sheet initiation within the N-terminal domain of the prion protein: insights from density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2009;72(17-18):1040-59. doi: 10.1080/15287390903084389. [Article]
- Remelli M, Valensin D, Toso L, Gralka E, Guerrini R, Marzola E, Kozlowski H: Thermodynamic and spectroscopic investigation on the role of Met residues in Cu(II) binding to the non-octarepeat site of the human prion protein. Metallomics. 2012 Aug;4(8):794-806. doi: 10.1039/c2mt20060k. Epub 2012 Jul 13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P23415
- Uniprot Name
- Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Chen Z, Dillon GH, Huang R: Identification of residues critical for Cu2+-mediated inhibition of glycine alpha1 receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Sep;51(4):701-8. Epub 2006 Jul 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May play a role in microtubule-mediated transport or vesicle function.
- Specific Function
- Beta-tubulin binding
- Gene Name
- HTT
- Uniprot ID
- P42858
- Uniprot Name
- Huntingtin
- Molecular Weight
- 347599.665 Da
References
- Fox JH, Kama JA, Lieberman G, Chopra R, Dorsey K, Chopra V, Volitakis I, Cherny RA, Bush AI, Hersch S: Mechanisms of copper ion mediated Huntington's disease progression. PLoS One. 2007 Mar 28;2(3):e334. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- NEIL1
- Uniprot ID
- Q96FI4
- Uniprot Name
- Endonuclease 8-like 1
- Molecular Weight
- 43683.625 Da
References
- Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5-hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preferenc...
- Gene Name
- NEIL2
- Uniprot ID
- Q969S2
- Uniprot Name
- Endonuclease 8-like 2
- Molecular Weight
- 36826.285 Da
References
- Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Ferroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- May function as a ferroxidase and may be involved in copper transport and homeostasis.
- Gene Name
- HEPHL1
- Uniprot ID
- Q6MZM0
- Uniprot Name
- Hephaestin-like protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 131601.67 Da
References
- Petrak J, Vyoral D: Hephaestin--a ferroxidase of cellular iron export. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Jun;37(6):1173-8. Epub 2005 Jan 26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Serine protease inhibitor. This inhibitor acts as 'bait' for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, protein C and matriptase-3/TMPRSS7. Its rapid interaction with PLAT may function as a major con...
- Gene Name
- SERPINE1
- Uniprot ID
- P05121
- Uniprot Name
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 45059.695 Da
References
- Thompson LC, Goswami S, Peterson CB: Metals affect the structure and activity of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. II. Binding affinity and conformational changes. Protein Sci. 2011 Feb;20(2):366-78. doi: 10.1002/pro.567. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function
- May function as calcium sensor and modulator, contributing to cellular calcium signaling. May function by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and indirectly play a rol...
- Gene Name
- S100A2
- Uniprot ID
- P29034
- Uniprot Name
- Protein S100-A2
- Molecular Weight
- 11116.695 Da
References
- Haase-Kohn C, Wolf S, Lenk J, Pietzsch J: Copper-mediated cross-linking of S100A4, but not of S100A2, results in proinflammatory effects in melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Sep 30;413(3):494-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.132. Epub 2011 Sep 6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Rage receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- S100A4
- Uniprot ID
- P26447
- Uniprot Name
- Protein S100-A4
- Molecular Weight
- 11728.41 Da
References
- Haase-Kohn C, Wolf S, Lenk J, Pietzsch J: Copper-mediated cross-linking of S100A4, but not of S100A2, results in proinflammatory effects in melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Sep 30;413(3):494-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.132. Epub 2011 Sep 6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- SNCA
- Uniprot ID
- P37840
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-synuclein
- Molecular Weight
- 14460.155 Da
References
- Rose F, Hodak M, Bernholc J: Mechanism of copper(II)-induced misfolding of Parkinson's disease protein. Sci Rep. 2011;1:11. doi: 10.1038/srep00011. Epub 2011 Jun 14. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Neurotrophin trkb receptor binding
- Specific Function
- During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the m...
- Gene Name
- BDNF
- Uniprot ID
- P23560
- Uniprot Name
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- Molecular Weight
- 27817.72 Da
References
- Travaglia A, La Mendola D, Magri A, Nicoletti VG, Pietropaolo A, Rizzarelli E: Copper, BDNF and Its N-terminal domain: inorganic features and biological perspectives. Chemistry. 2012 Dec 3;18(49):15618-31. doi: 10.1002/chem.201202775. Epub 2012 Nov 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin-specific protease binding
- Specific Function
- Protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated amino acids and proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteines, arginines a...
- Gene Name
- PARK7
- Uniprot ID
- Q99497
- Uniprot Name
- Protein deglycase DJ-1
- Molecular Weight
- 19890.88 Da
References
- Bjorkblom B, Adilbayeva A, Maple-Grodem J, Piston D, Okvist M, Xu XM, Brede C, Larsen JP, Moller SG: Parkinson disease protein DJ-1 binds metals and protects against metal-induced cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem. 2013 Aug 2;288(31):22809-20. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.482091. Epub 2013 Jun 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- Copper-protein complex induces anti-aggregative and anti-apoptotic effects
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism.
- Gene Name
- IAPP
- Uniprot ID
- P10997
- Uniprot Name
- Islet amyloid polypeptide
- Molecular Weight
- 9806.35 Da
References
- Lee EC, Ha E, Singh S, Legesse L, Ahmad S, Karnaukhova E, Donaldson RP, Jeremic AM: Copper(II)-human amylin complex protects pancreatic cells from amylin toxicity. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2013 Aug 14;15(30):12558-71. doi: 10.1039/c3cp44542a. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles (By similarity). Is a critical central regulator of gonadal function.
- Specific Function
- Receptor binding
- Gene Name
- TAC3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UHF0
- Uniprot Name
- Tachykinin-3
- Molecular Weight
- 13438.25 Da
References
- Russino D, McDonald E, Hejazi L, Hanson GR, Jones CE: The tachykinin peptide neurokinin B binds copper forming an unusual [CuII(NKB)2] complex and inhibits copper uptake into 1321N1 astrocytoma cells. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2013 Oct 16;4(10):1371-81. doi: 10.1021/cn4000988. Epub 2013 Aug 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- A1BG
- Uniprot ID
- P04217
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1B-glycoprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 54253.0 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Vitamin E binding protein. May transport vitamin E in body fluids under conditions where the lipoprotein system is not sufficient. May be involved in the regulation and transport of vitamin E at the blood-brain barrier.
- Specific Function
- Vitamin e binding
- Gene Name
- AFM
- Uniprot ID
- P43652
- Uniprot Name
- Afamin
- Molecular Weight
- 69068.47 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Type 2 angiotensin receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.Angiotensin-2: acts directly on vascular smooth muscle as a p...
- Gene Name
- AGT
- Uniprot ID
- P01019
- Uniprot Name
- Angiotensinogen
- Molecular Weight
- 53153.73 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Promotes endocytosis, possesses opsonic properties and influences the mineral phase of bone. Shows affinity for calcium and barium ions.
- Specific Function
- Cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- AHSG
- Uniprot ID
- P02765
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 39324.35 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Virion binding
- Specific Function
- Can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. May also function as a calcium-dependent lectin.
- Gene Name
- APCS
- Uniprot ID
- P02743
- Uniprot Name
- Serum amyloid P-component
- Molecular Weight
- 25386.92 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phospholipid transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol ac...
- Gene Name
- APOA1
- Uniprot ID
- P02647
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Molecular Weight
- 30777.58 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- May stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism.
- Gene Name
- APOA2
- Uniprot ID
- P02652
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein A-II
- Molecular Weight
- 11174.925 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May have a role in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism. Required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II; potent activator of LCAT. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons.
- Specific Function
- Antioxidant activity
- Gene Name
- APOA4
- Uniprot ID
- P06727
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein A-IV
- Molecular Weight
- 45398.775 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Macrophage receptor that binds to the apolipoprotein B48 (APOB) of dietary triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL) or to a like domain of APOB in hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoprotein...
- Gene Name
- APOBR
- Uniprot ID
- Q0VD83
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein B receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 114873.425 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Component of chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism as ...
- Gene Name
- APOC2
- Uniprot ID
- P02655
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein C-II
- Molecular Weight
- 11283.78 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phospholipid binding
- Specific Function
- Component of triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Plays a multifaceted role in triglyceride homeostasis. Intracellularly, promotes h...
- Gene Name
- APOC3
- Uniprot ID
- P02656
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein C-III
- Molecular Weight
- 10852.19 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Lipid transporter activity
- Specific Function
- APOD occurs in the macromolecular complex with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. It is probably involved in the transport and binding of bilin. Appears to be able to transport a variety of liga...
- Gene Name
- APOD
- Uniprot ID
- P05090
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein D
- Molecular Weight
- 21275.37 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apo B/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of ...
- Gene Name
- APOE
- Uniprot ID
- P02649
- Uniprot Name
- Apolipoprotein E
- Molecular Weight
- 36153.83 Da
References
- Xu H, Finkelstein DI, Adlard PA: Interactions of metals and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Jun 12;6:121. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00121. eCollection 2014. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phospholipid binding
- Specific Function
- Binds to various kinds of negatively charged substances such as heparin, phospholipids, and dextran sulfate. May prevent activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation cascade by binding to phosphol...
- Gene Name
- APOH
- Uniprot ID
- P02749
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-2-glycoprotein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 38297.8 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ribonuclease activity
- Specific Function
- Stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. May bind polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- Gene Name
- AZGP1
- Uniprot ID
- P25311
- Uniprot Name
- Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 34258.525 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proe...
- Gene Name
- C1QC
- Uniprot ID
- P02747
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C
- Molecular Weight
- 25773.56 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- C1s B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1r to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. C1r activates C1s so that it can, in turn, activat...
- Gene Name
- C1S
- Uniprot ID
- P09871
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C1s subcomponent
- Molecular Weight
- 76683.905 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details101. Complement C3
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- C3 plays a central role in the activation of the complement system. Its processing by C3 convertase is the central reaction in both classical and alternative complement pathways. After activation C...
- Gene Name
- C3
- Uniprot ID
- P01024
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C3
- Molecular Weight
- 187146.73 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Non-enzymatic component of the C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes. C4A isotype is responsible for effective binding to form amide bonds with immune aggregates or protein antigens, while C4B isotype catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens.
- Specific Function
- Carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- C4B
- Uniprot ID
- P0C0L5
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C4-B
- Molecular Weight
- 192749.785 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Controls the classical pathway of complement activation. It binds as a cofactor to C3b/C4b inactivator (C3bINA), which then hydrolyzes the complement fragment C4b. It also accelerates the degradation of the C4bC2a complex (C3 convertase) by dissociating the complement fragment C2a. Alpha chain binds C4b. It interacts also with anticoagulant protein S and with serum amyloid P component.
- Specific Function
- Rna binding
- Gene Name
- C4BPA
- Uniprot ID
- P04003
- Uniprot Name
- C4b-binding protein alpha chain
- Molecular Weight
- 67032.63 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details104. Complement C5
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Activation of C5 by a C5 convertase initiates the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the membrane attack complex. C5b has a transient binding site for C6. The C5b-C...
- Gene Name
- C5
- Uniprot ID
- P01031
- Uniprot Name
- Complement C5
- Molecular Weight
- 188303.705 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Constituent of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that plays a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response by forming pores in the plasma membrane of target cells.
- Specific Function
- Protein complex binding
- Gene Name
- C8B
- Uniprot ID
- P07358
- Uniprot Name
- Complement component C8 beta chain
- Molecular Weight
- 67046.35 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Constituent of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that plays a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response by forming pores in the plasma membrane of target cells (PubMed:9634479, PubMed:9212048, PubMed:26841934). C9 is the pore-forming subunit of the MAC (PubMed:4055801, PubMed:26841934).
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- C9
- Uniprot ID
- P02748
- Uniprot Name
- Complement component C9
- Molecular Weight
- 63172.72 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Factor H functions as a cofactor in the inactivation of C3b by factor I and also increases the rate of dissociation of the C3bBb complex (C3 convertase) and the (C3b)NBB complex (C5 convertase) in the alternative complement pathway.
- Specific Function
- Heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
- Gene Name
- CFH
- Uniprot ID
- P08603
- Uniprot Name
- Complement factor H
- Molecular Weight
- 139095.31 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Responsible for cleaving the alpha-chains of C4b and C3b in the presence of the cofactors C4-binding protein and factor H respectively.
- Specific Function
- Metal ion binding
- Gene Name
- CFI
- Uniprot ID
- P05156
- Uniprot Name
- Complement factor I
- Molecular Weight
- 65749.78 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details109. Tetranectin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Kringle domain binding
- Specific Function
- Tetranectin binds to plasminogen and to isolated kringle 4. May be involved in the packaging of molecules destined for exocytosis.
- Gene Name
- CLEC3B
- Uniprot ID
- P05452
- Uniprot Name
- Tetranectin
- Molecular Weight
- 22536.665 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Isoform 1 functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of nonnative proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins. Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and subsequent lysosomal or proteasomal degradation. Secreted isoform 1 protects cells against apoptosis and against cytolysis by complement. Intracellular isoforms interact with ubiquitin and SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes and promote the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes proteasomal degradation of COMMD1 and IKBKB. Modulates NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Nuclear isoforms promote apoptosis. Mitochondrial isoforms suppress BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and inhibit apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation.
- Specific Function
- Chaperone binding
- Gene Name
- CLU
- Uniprot ID
- P10909
- Uniprot Name
- Clusterin
- Molecular Weight
- 52494.22 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details111. Prothrombin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thrombospondin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostas...
- Gene Name
- F2
- Uniprot ID
- P00734
- Uniprot Name
- Prothrombin
- Molecular Weight
- 70036.295 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transcription factor binding
- Specific Function
- Is believed to be a multifunctional and multicompartmental protein involved in inflammation and infection processes, ribosome biogenesis, regulation of apoptosis, transcriptional regulation and pre...
- Gene Name
- C1QBP
- Uniprot ID
- Q07021
- Uniprot Name
- Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 31361.935 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein domain specific binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembl...
- Gene Name
- GSN
- Uniprot ID
- P06396
- Uniprot Name
- Gelsolin
- Molecular Weight
- 85696.935 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxygen transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
- Gene Name
- HBA1
- Uniprot ID
- P69905
- Uniprot Name
- Hemoglobin subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 15257.405 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxygen transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.Spinorphin: functions as an...
- Gene Name
- HBB
- Uniprot ID
- P68871
- Uniprot Name
- Hemoglobin subunit beta
- Molecular Weight
- 15998.34 Da
References
- Winterbourn CC, Carrell RW: Oxidation of human haemoglobin by copper. Mechanism and suggested role of the thiol group of residue beta-93. Biochem J. 1977 Jul 1;165(1):141-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Component of heterochromatin that recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me), leading to epigenetic repression. In contrast, it is excluded from chromatin when 'Tyr-41' of histone H3 is phosphorylated (H3Y41ph). Can interact with lamin-B receptor (LBR). This interaction can contribute to the association of the heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane. Involved in the formation of functional kinetochore through interaction with MIS12 complex proteins.
- Specific Function
- Chromatin binding
- Gene Name
- CBX5
- Uniprot ID
- P45973
- Uniprot Name
- Chromobox protein homolog 5
- Molecular Weight
- 22224.81 Da
References
- Bryan SE, Simons SJ, Vizard DL, Hardy KJ: Interactions of mercury and copper with constitutive heterochromatin and euchromatin in vivo and in vitro. Biochemistry. 1976 Apr 20;15(8):1667-76. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Primate-specific plasma protein associated with apolipoprotein L-I (apoL-I)-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This HDL particle, termed trypanosome lytic factor-1 (TLF-1), mediates human innate immune protection against many species of African trypanosomes. Binds hemoglobin with high affinity and may contribute to the clearance of cell-free hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron.
- Specific Function
- Hemoglobin binding
- Gene Name
- HPR
- Uniprot ID
- P00739
- Uniprot Name
- Haptoglobin-related protein
- Molecular Weight
- 39029.345 Da
References
- Muranjan M, Nussenzweig V, Tomlinson S: Characterization of the human serum trypanosome toxin, haptoglobin-related protein. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 13;273(7):3884-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in protein-protein interactions that result in protein complexes, receptor-ligand binding or cell adhesion.
- Specific Function
- Insulin-like growth factor binding
- Gene Name
- IGFALS
- Uniprot ID
- P35858
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit
- Molecular Weight
- 66034.13 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Immunoglobulin receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- IGHG1
- Uniprot ID
- P01857
- Uniprot Name
- Ig gamma-1 chain C region
- Molecular Weight
- 36105.695 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Immunoglobulin receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- IGHG4
- Uniprot ID
- P01861
- Uniprot Name
- Ig gamma-4 chain C region
- Molecular Weight
- 35940.34 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Antigen binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- P01619
- Uniprot Name
- Ig kappa chain V-III region GOL
- Molecular Weight
- 11830.17 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Critical for B-cell development.
- Specific Function
- Antigen binding
- Gene Name
- IGLL1
- Uniprot ID
- P15814
- Uniprot Name
- Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1
- Molecular Weight
- 22962.89 Da
References
- Baker BL, Hultquist DE: A copper-binding immunoglobulin from a myeloma patient. Purification, identification, and physical characterization. J Biol Chem. 1978 Feb 25;253(4):1195-200. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.
- Specific Function
- Endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- ITIH2
- Uniprot ID
- P19823
- Uniprot Name
- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2
- Molecular Weight
- 106462.725 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details124. Kininogen-1
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- (1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3)...
- Gene Name
- KNG1
- Uniprot ID
- P01042
- Uniprot Name
- Kininogen-1
- Molecular Weight
- 71956.965 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May regulate the activity of kinases such as PKC and SRC via binding to integrin beta-1 (ITB1) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). In complex with C1QBP is a high affinity receptor for kininogen-1/HMWK.
- Specific Function
- Carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- KRT1
- Uniprot ID
- P04264
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
- Molecular Weight
- 66038.505 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Structural constituent of epidermis
- Gene Name
- KRT10
- Uniprot ID
- P13645
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
- Molecular Weight
- 58826.915 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Probably contributes to terminal cornification. Associated with keratinocyte activation, proliferation and keratinization.
- Specific Function
- Cytoskeletal protein binding
- Gene Name
- KRT2
- Uniprot ID
- P35908
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal
- Molecular Weight
- 65432.65 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May serve an important special function either in the mature palmar and plantar skin tissue or in the morphogenetic program of the formation of these tissues. Plays a role in keratin filament assembly.
- Specific Function
- Structural constituent of cytoskeleton
- Gene Name
- KRT9
- Uniprot ID
- P35527
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9
- Molecular Weight
- 62064.29 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
- Gene Name
- LRG1
- Uniprot ID
- P02750
- Uniprot Name
- Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 38177.49 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Collagen binding
- Gene Name
- LUM
- Uniprot ID
- P51884
- Uniprot Name
- Lumican
- Molecular Weight
- 38428.585 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- May play a scavenger role by digesting biologically active peptidoglycan (PGN) into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity.
- Gene Name
- PGLYRP2
- Uniprot ID
- Q96PD5
- Uniprot Name
- N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase
- Molecular Weight
- 62216.365 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details132. Plasminogen
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type peptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In...
- Gene Name
- PLG
- Uniprot ID
- P00747
- Uniprot Name
- Plasminogen
- Molecular Weight
- 90568.415 Da
References
- Lind SE, McDonagh JR, Smith CJ: Oxidative inactivation of plasmin and other serine proteases by copper and ascorbate. Blood. 1993 Sep 1;82(5):1522-31. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Hydrolyzes the toxic metabolites of a variety of organophosphorus insecticides. Capable of hydrolyzing a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and lactones, and a number of aromatic carboxyl...
- Gene Name
- PON1
- Uniprot ID
- P27169
- Uniprot Name
- Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 39730.99 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Glucose transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- LA-PF4 stimulates DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulate...
- Gene Name
- PPBP
- Uniprot ID
- P02775
- Uniprot Name
- Platelet basic protein
- Molecular Weight
- 13894.035 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. T...
- Gene Name
- SERPINA1
- Uniprot ID
- P01009
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin
- Molecular Weight
- 46736.195 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details136. Kallistatin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Inhibits human amidolytic and kininogenase activities of tissue kallikrein. Inhibition is achieved by formation of an equimolar, heat- and SDS-stable complex between the inhibitor and the enzyme, and generation of a small C-terminal fragment of the inhibitor due to cleavage at the reactive site by tissue kallikrein.
- Specific Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- SERPINA4
- Uniprot ID
- P29622
- Uniprot Name
- Kallistatin
- Molecular Weight
- 48541.51 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species.
- Gene Name
- SERPINA6
- Uniprot ID
- P08185
- Uniprot Name
- Corticosteroid-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 45140.49 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Major thyroid hormone transport protein in serum.
- Gene Name
- SERPINA7
- Uniprot ID
- P05543
- Uniprot Name
- Thyroxine-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 46324.12 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory a...
- Gene Name
- SERPINC1
- Uniprot ID
- P01008
- Uniprot Name
- Antithrombin-III
- Molecular Weight
- 52601.935 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT...
- Gene Name
- SERPIND1
- Uniprot ID
- P05546
- Uniprot Name
- Heparin cofactor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 57070.16 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Neurotrophic protein; induces extensive neuronal differentiation in retinoblastoma cells. Potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. As it does not undergo the S (stressed) to R (relaxed) conformational transition characteristic of active serpins, it exhibits no serine protease inhibitory activity.
- Specific Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- SERPINF1
- Uniprot ID
- P36955
- Uniprot Name
- Pigment epithelium-derived factor
- Molecular Weight
- 46311.685 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Serine protease inhibitor. The major targets of this inhibitor are plasmin and trypsin, but it also inactivates matriptase-3/TMPRSS7 and chymotrypsin.
- Gene Name
- SERPINF2
- Uniprot ID
- P08697
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2-antiplasmin
- Molecular Weight
- 54565.32 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Activation of the C1 complex is under control of the C1-inhibitor. It forms a proteolytically inactive stoichiometric complex with the C1r or C1s proteases. May play a potentially crucial role in r...
- Gene Name
- SERPING1
- Uniprot ID
- P05155
- Uniprot Name
- Plasma protease C1 inhibitor
- Molecular Weight
- 55153.645 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details144. Transthyretin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function
- Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.
- Gene Name
- TTR
- Uniprot ID
- P02766
- Uniprot Name
- Transthyretin
- Molecular Weight
- 15886.88 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
Details145. Vitronectin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Scavenger receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Vitronectin is a cell adhesion and spreading factor found in serum and tissues. Vitronectin interact with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Is recognized by certain members of the integrin fami...
- Gene Name
- VTN
- Uniprot ID
- P04004
- Uniprot Name
- Vitronectin
- Molecular Weight
- 54305.135 Da
References
- Wang F, Chmil C, Pierce F, Ganapathy K, Gump BB, MacKenzie JA, Metchref Y, Bendinskas K: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography and human serum proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Sep 1;934:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- May play a role in postsynaptic function. The C-terminal gamma-secretase processed fragment, ALID1, activates transcription activation through APBB1 (Fe65) binding (By similarity). Couples to JIP signal transduction through C-terminal binding. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I.
- Specific Function
- Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor binding
- Gene Name
- APLP1
- Uniprot ID
- P51693
- Uniprot Name
- Amyloid-like protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 72175.825 Da
References
- Mayer MC, Kaden D, Schauenburg L, Hancock MA, Voigt P, Roeser D, Barucker C, Than ME, Schaefer M, Multhaup G: Novel zinc-binding site in the E2 domain regulates amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) oligomerization. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 4;289(27):19019-30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.570382. Epub 2014 May 22. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
- Gene Name
- SOD1
- Uniprot ID
- P00441
- Uniprot Name
- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
- Molecular Weight
- 15935.685 Da
References
- Bost M, Houdart S, Oberli M, Kalonji E, Huneau JF, Margaritis I: Dietary copper and human health: Current evidence and unresolved issues. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016 May;35:107-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Mar 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the degradation of compounds such as putrescine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, substances involved in allergic and immune responses, cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, tum...
- Gene Name
- AOC1
- Uniprot ID
- P19801
- Uniprot Name
- Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]
- Molecular Weight
- 85377.1 Da
References
- Bost M, Houdart S, Oberli M, Kalonji E, Huneau JF, Margaritis I: Dietary copper and human health: Current evidence and unresolved issues. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016 May;35:107-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Mar 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin (PubMed:26838787). Regulator of Ras expression. May play a rol...
- Gene Name
- LOX
- Uniprot ID
- P28300
- Uniprot Name
- Protein-lysine 6-oxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 46943.67 Da
References
- Bost M, Houdart S, Oberli M, Kalonji E, Huneau JF, Margaritis I: Dietary copper and human health: Current evidence and unresolved issues. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016 May;35:107-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Mar 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. CO I is the catalytic su...
- Gene Name
- MT-CO1
- Uniprot ID
- P00395
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1
- Molecular Weight
- 57040.91 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA ...
- Gene Name
- TYR
- Uniprot ID
- P14679
- Uniprot Name
- Tyrosinase
- Molecular Weight
- 60392.69 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- L-ascorbic acid binding
- Specific Function
- Conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline.
- Gene Name
- DBH
- Uniprot ID
- P09172
- Uniprot Name
- Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
- Molecular Weight
- 69064.45 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 sequential steps in C-terminal alpha-amidation of peptides. The monooxygenase part produces an unstable peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) intermediate that is dismutat...
- Gene Name
- PAM
- Uniprot ID
- P19021
- Uniprot Name
- Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 108331.35 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Serotonin binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
Components:
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Rrna binding
- Specific Function
- Binds to actin on the surface of endothelial cells; once bound, angiogenin is endocytosed and translocated to the nucleus. Stimulates ribosomal RNA synthesis including that containing the initiatio...
- Gene Name
- ANG
- Uniprot ID
- P03950
- Uniprot Name
- Angiogenin
- Molecular Weight
- 16549.95 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Tubulin binding
- Specific Function
- Its primary physiological function is unclear. Has cytoprotective activity against internal or environmental stresses. May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be requir...
- Gene Name
- PRNP
- Uniprot ID
- P04156
- Uniprot Name
- Major prion protein
- Molecular Weight
- 27661.21 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Bar-Or D, Rael LT, Lau EP, Rao NK, Thomas GW, Winkler JV, Yukl RL, Kingston RG, Curtis CG: An analog of the human albumin N-terminus (Asp-Ala-His-Lys) prevents formation of copper-induced reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jun 15;284(3):856-62. [Article]
- Sakata N, Moh A, Takebayashi S: Contribution of superoxide to reduced antioxidant activity of glycoxidative serum albumin. Heart Vessels. 2002 Nov;17(1):22-9. [Article]
- She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Identification of metal-binding proteins in human hepatoma lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Dec;2(12):1306-18. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [Article]
- Smith SD, She YM, Roberts EA, Sarkar B: Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify hepatocellular proteins with copper-binding ability. J Proteome Res. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):834-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Tumor necrosis factor binding
- Specific Function
- Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for differen...
- Gene Name
- A2M
- Uniprot ID
- P01023
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2-macroglobulin
- Molecular Weight
- 163289.945 Da
References
- Liu N, Lo LS, Askary SH, Jones L, Kidane TZ, Trang T, Nguyen M, Goforth J, Chu YH, Vivas E, Tsai M, Westbrook T, Linder MC: Transcuprein is a macroglobulin regulated by copper and iron availability. J Nutr Biochem. 2007 Sep;18(9):597-608. Epub 2007 Mar 23. [Article]
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Ferroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iro...
- Gene Name
- CP
- Uniprot ID
- P00450
- Uniprot Name
- Ceruloplasmin
- Molecular Weight
- 122204.45 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Metallochaperone activity
- Specific Function
- Binds and deliver cytosolic copper to the copper ATPase proteins. May be important in cellular antioxidant defense.
- Gene Name
- ATOX1
- Uniprot ID
- O00244
- Uniprot Name
- Copper transport protein ATOX1
- Molecular Weight
- 7401.575 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Delivers copper to copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1).
- Gene Name
- CCS
- Uniprot ID
- O14618
- Uniprot Name
- Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase
- Molecular Weight
- 29040.445 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Cuprous ion binding
- Specific Function
- Copper chaperone for cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Binds two copper ions and deliver them to the Cu(A) site of COX (By similarity).
- Gene Name
- COX17
- Uniprot ID
- Q14061
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone
- Molecular Weight
- 6915.03 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Ferroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- May function as a ferroxidase for ferrous (II) to ferric ion (III) conversion and may be involved in copper transport and homeostasis. Implicated in iron homeostasis and may mediate iron efflux ass...
- Gene Name
- HEPH
- Uniprot ID
- Q9BQS7
- Uniprot Name
- Hephaestin
- Molecular Weight
- 130447.755 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Copper ion binding
- Specific Function
- Central regulator of hemostasis. It serves as a critical cofactor for the prothrombinase activity of factor Xa that results in the activation of prothrombin to thrombin.
- Gene Name
- F5
- Uniprot ID
- P12259
- Uniprot Name
- Coagulation factor V
- Molecular Weight
- 251701.245 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity
- Specific Function
- Factor VIII, along with calcium and phospholipid, acts as a cofactor for factor IXa when it converts factor X to the activated form, factor Xa.
- Gene Name
- F8
- Uniprot ID
- P00451
- Uniprot Name
- Coagulation factor VIII
- Molecular Weight
- 267007.42 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Activates the metallothionein I promoter. Binds to the metal responsive element (MRE).
- Specific Function
- Core promoter binding
Components:
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Copper uptake transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- High-affinity, saturable copper transporter involved in dietary copper uptake.
- Gene Name
- SLC31A1
- Uniprot ID
- O15431
- Uniprot Name
- High affinity copper uptake protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 21090.545 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Important in metal transport, in particular iron. Can also transport manganese, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, vanadium and lead. Involved in apical iron uptake into duodenal enterocytes. Involved in iro...
- Gene Name
- SLC11A2
- Uniprot ID
- P49281
- Uniprot Name
- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62265.195 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity
- Specific Function
- May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plas...
- Gene Name
- ATP7A
- Uniprot ID
- Q04656
- Uniprot Name
- Copper-transporting ATPase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 163372.275 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Copper-exporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the export of copper out of the cells, such as the efflux of hepatic copper into the bile.
- Gene Name
- ATP7B
- Uniprot ID
- P35670
- Uniprot Name
- Copper-transporting ATPase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 157261.34 Da
References
- Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD: Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in low-affinity copper uptake.
- Gene Name
- SLC31A2
- Uniprot ID
- O15432
- Uniprot Name
- Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 15681.29 Da
References
- van den Berghe PV, Klomp LW: New developments in the regulation of intestinal copper absorption. Nutr Rev. 2009 Nov;67(11):658-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00250.x. [Article]
Drug created at September 29, 2015 17:21 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55