Oxygen

Identification

Summary

Oxygen is an essential element for human survival used in clinical conditions in which there is a lack of oxygen, such as, but not limited to, anoxia, hypoxia or dyspnea.

Brand Names

Alnox, Ez-OX, Heliox, Oxygen, Southern Medical

Generic Name

Oxygen

DrugBank Accession Number

DB09140

Background

Oxygen is an element displayed by the symbol O, and atomic number 8. It is an essential element for human survival. Decreased oxygen levels may be treated with medical oxygen therapy. Treatment with oxygen serves to increase blood oxygen levels and also exerts a secondary effect of decreasing blood flow resistance in the diseased lung, leading to decreased cardiovascular workload in an attempt to oxygenate the lungs. Oxygen therapy is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders (congestive heart failure), some disorders that cause increased pulmonary artery pressure, and any disease that impairs the body's ability to take up and use gaseous oxygen. Higher level of oxygen than ambient air (hyperoxia) can be introduced under normobaric or hyperbaric conditions.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Vet approved

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 31.9988
Monoisotopic: 31.989829244
Chemical Formula: O₂

Synonyms

Dioxygen
Molecular oxygen
Oxigeno gaseoso
Oxygen
Oxygen USP
Pure oxygen

External IDs

E-948
INS NO.948
INS-948

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Pharmacology

Indication

Oxygen therapy in clinical settings is used across diverse specialties, including various types of anoxia, hypoxia or dyspnea and any other disease states and conditions that reduce the efficiency of gas exchange and oxygen consumption such as respiratory illnesses, trauma, poisonings and drug overdoses. Oxygen therapy tries to achieve hyperoxia ⁶ to reduce the extent of hypoxia-induced tissue damage and malfunction.

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Approval Level	Dose Form
Symptomatic treatment of	Anemia	••• •••••	•••
Symptomatic treatment of	Cancer	••• •••••	•••
Prevention of	Hypoxemia	••••••••••••	•••
Treatment of	Hypoxemia	••••••••••••	•••
Symptomatic treatment of	Migraines	••• •••••	•••

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation, even at a low rate of tissue perfusion. Oxygen molecules adjust hypoxic ventilatory drive by acting on chemoreceptors on carotid bodies that sequentially relay sensory information to the higher processing centers in brainstem. It also attenuates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial depolarization that generates reactive oxygen species and/or apoptosis. Studies investigating on hyperbaric oxygen therapy has shown that oxygen supplementation can induce neural stem cell proliferation in neonatal rats thus promoting neurological regeneration after injuries ³. CD34+, CD45-dim leukocytes are also potential targets for hyperbaric oxygen therapy benefit as their mobilization was increased in vitro which could facilitate the acceleration of recovery at peripheral sites ¹.

Mechanism of action

Oxygen therapy increases the arterial pressure of oxygen and is effective in improving gas exchange and oxygen delivery to tissues, provided that there are functional alveolar units. Oxygen plays a critical role as an electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain through activation of cytochrome c oxidase (terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain). This process achieves successful aerobic respiration in organisms to generate ATP molecules as an energy source in many tissues. Oxygen supplementation acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis. There is also evidence that oxygen may interact with O2-sensitive voltage-gated potassium channels in glomus cells and cause hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane ⁴.

Target	Actions	Organism
UCytochrome c oxidase subunit 1	agonist activator	Humans
UNADPH oxidase 1	agonist activator	Humans

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Oxygen binds to oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin with high affinity. The amount of oxygen molecules bound to the fixed amount of circulating hemoglobin in the blood determines the overall oxygen saturation level and this oxygen-delivering capacity is regulated by Bohr effect.

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Exhalation

Half-life

Approximately 122.24 seconds

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

May cause burns or frostbites in case of eye or skin contact with rapidly expanding gas. Oxygen therapy can induce hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with respiratory diseases and musculoskeletal diseases in upper airways. Sudden cessation of oxygen supplementation in these patients can further lead to rebound hypoxaemia. In patients with mild or moderate strokes, hyperoxaemia may cause absorption atelectasis or myocardial infarction. Oxygen content should be monitored following the administration to verify therapeutic benefit.

Pathways

Not Available

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Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">: This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions: No interactions found.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
40% Oxygen/Nitrogen Mix	Gas	400 mL/1L	Respiratory (inhalation)	NexAir LLC	2020-04-09	Not applicable
Air	Gas	20.9 L/100L	Respiratory (inhalation)	Indianapolis Welding Supply, Inc	1972-01-01	2013-04-12
Air	Gas	195 mL/1000mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Industrial Gas Distributors Inc	1987-04-01	2015-12-29
Air	Gas	21 L/1L	Respiratory (inhalation)	Lampton Welding Supply Company, Inc	2018-04-18	Not applicable
Air	Gas	210 mL/1L	Respiratory (inhalation)	Airgas Mid South, Inc.	1997-11-06	2010-03-02

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
O2hundred	Gas	99.9 mg/100mg	Topical	Tov Innovation Co.Ltd	2023-06-05	Not applicable
Oxygen	Gas	992 mL/1L	Respiratory (inhalation)	Arkansas Welding & Industrial Supply	2001-10-20	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Alnox Gas	Oxygen (50 %) + Nitrous oxide (50 %)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Air Liquide Canada Inc.	1995-12-31	Not applicable
Carbogen	Oxygen (50 %) + Carbon dioxide (50 %)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Messer Canada Inc.	1995-12-31	Not applicable
Carbon Dioxide 1% W Oxygen	Oxygen (93 %) + Carbon dioxide (7 %)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Liquid Carbonic Inc.	1990-12-31	1998-06-09
Carbon Dioxide 12.1% W Oxygen	Oxygen (77 %) + Carbon dioxide (23 %)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Praxair, Inc.	1990-12-31	Not applicable
Carbon Dioxide 23.1% W Oxygen	Oxygen (50 %) + Carbon dioxide (50 %)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Praxair, Inc.	1990-12-31	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Air	Oxygen (23 L/100L) + Nitrogen (77 L/100L)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Air Liquide Canada Inc.	1960-01-01	Not applicable
Air	Oxygen (99 L/100L) + Nitrogen (99 L/100L)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Air Liquide Canada Inc.	1960-01-01	2010-06-15
Air	Oxygen (20.9 L/100L)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Indianapolis Welding Supply, Inc	1972-01-01	2013-04-12
Air	Oxygen (195 mL/1000mL)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Industrial Gas Distributors Inc	1987-04-01	2015-12-29
Air	Oxygen (210 mL/1L)	Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	Airgas Mid South, Inc.	1997-11-06	2010-03-02

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: S88TT14065
CAS number: 7782-44-7
InChI Key: MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/O2/c1-2
IUPAC Name: dioxygen
SMILES: O=O

References

General References

Heyboer M 3rd, Milovanova TN, Wojcik S, Grant W, Chin M, Hardy KR, Lambert DS, Logue C, Thom SR: CD34+/CD45-dim stem cell mobilization by hyperbaric oxygen - changes with oxygen dosage. Stem Cell Res. 2014 May;12(3):638-45. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Feb 28. [Article]
Prabhakar NR: Oxygen sensing by the carotid body chemoreceptors. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Jun;88(6):2287-95. [Article]
Feng Z, Liu J, Ju R: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment promotes neural stem cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Neural Regen Res. 2013 May 5;8(13):1220-7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.13.007. [Article]
Lopez-Barneo J, Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Gao L, Fernandez-Aguera MC, Pardal R, Ortega-Saenz P: Oxygen sensing by the carotid body: mechanisms and role in adaptation to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2016 Apr 15;310(8):C629-42. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00265.2015. Epub 2016 Jan 13. [Article]
Liu W, Khatibi N, Sridharan A, Zhang JH: Application of medical gases in the field of neurobiology. Med Gas Res. 2011 Jun 27;1(1):13. doi: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-13. [Article]
British Thoracic Society: Guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients [Link]
Airgas SDS [Link]
Linde SDS [Link]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0001377
KEGG Drug: D00003
KEGG Compound: C00007
PubChem Compound: 977
PubChem Substance: 310265054
ChemSpider: 952
RxNav: 7806
ChEBI: 27140
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1234886
PharmGKB: PA450744
PDBe Ligand: OXY
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Oxygen

PDB Entries

1a4f / 1a6m / 1ash / 1b86 / 1dcc / 1dp6 / 1dz8 / 1e5d / 1f65 / 1faw …

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MSDS

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Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Active Not Recruiting	Basic Science	Anesthesia therapy	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure / Oxygen Toxicity	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Hyperoxia / Hypoxia, Brain / Neurobehavioral Manifestations	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Cancer / Pain	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Fraction of Inspired Oxygen / Hyperoxemia / Hyperoxia / Oxygen Reserve Index	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	195 mL/1000mL
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	20.9 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	21 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	235 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	20 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	100 % v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	21.75 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	950 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	50 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	80 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	90 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	96 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	40 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	95 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	20 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	25 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	30 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	21 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	23 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	21 %
Gas	Topical	99.9 mg/100mg
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.47 L/0.47L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	100 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	11 L/11L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	12 L/12L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	4 L/4L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	20 L/20L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.66 L/0.66L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.95 L/0.95L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	30 L/30L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1500 L/1500L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	5000 L/5000L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	18 L/18L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	23.6 L/23.6L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	33 L/33L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	8.75 L/8.75L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.5 L/0.5L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1 L/L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	10 L/10L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	14 L/14L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	2 L/2L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	27 L/27L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	3 L/3L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	40 L/40L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	5 L/5L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	50 L/50L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	7 L/7L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	10 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	10000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	12000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1500 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	15000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	160 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	180 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	2000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	20000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	21 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	230 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	2500 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	3000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	30000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	31 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	32 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	36 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	4000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	40000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	41 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	46 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	5000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	6000 L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	60 L/60L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.74 L/0.74L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1.34 L/1.34L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	15 L/15L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	17 L/17L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	24 L/24L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	25.5 L/25.5L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	28 L/28L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	90 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	93 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	93 % v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	9300000 % v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	96 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 % v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	9900000 v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	9900000 % v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	3.25 m3
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	6.5 m3
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	94.9722 % v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	98 % v/v
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	7.5 L/7.5L
Gas
Gas		95 %
Gas	Cutaneous; Respiratory (inhalation)	992 mL/1L
Gas	Nasal	1 L/1L
Gas	Nasal	210 mL/1L
Gas	Nasal	99 L/100L
Gas	Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation)	1 L/1L
Gas	Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation)	995 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	.99 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	.995 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	100 L/99L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1000 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	210 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	900 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	93 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	930 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 L/99L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 mL/100mL
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.1 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.4 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.5 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.5 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.6 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.6 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.6 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.8 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.8 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.9 L/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.9 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.9 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	990 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	990 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	990 1/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	991 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	992 1/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	992 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	992 L/1000L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	992 mL/1000mL
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	995 mL/100L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	995 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	995 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	996 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	997 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	998 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	999 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	999 L/1000L
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	1.13835106 kg/1L
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	1000 g/1L
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	210 mg/1kg
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 1/100L
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	99 L/100L
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	992 L/1000L
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	995 mL/1L
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	999 L/1000L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.0 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.95 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	992 mL/100mL
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.995 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	200 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	0.99 kg/1kg
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	11321 L/11321L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	196 L/196L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	240 L/240L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	396 L/396L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	659 L/659L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1567 L/1567L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	6931 L/6931L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	3453 L/3453L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	8688 L/8688L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.9 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.99 %
Gas	Nasal; Oral	100 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.5 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	250 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	300 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	330 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	400 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	500 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	600 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	800 mL/1L
Gas; liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.5 %
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	99.2 %
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	1 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	1 L/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	100 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	120 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	150 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	260 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	380 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	520 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	750 mL/1L
Gas	Respiratory (inhalation)	97 mL/1L

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Gas

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	-218.4	Airgas SDS
boiling point (°C)	-183	Airgas SDS
water solubility	39mg/L	Linde SDS
logP	0.65	SDS

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.28	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	34.14 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	2.89 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	1.53 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	splash10-001i-9000000000-2e78a9ed80eede2ed33a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-001i-9000000000-9878c3ba827de483e23b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-001i-9000000000-9878c3ba827de483e23b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-001i-9000000000-9878c3ba827de483e23b

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Adduct	CCS Value (Å²)	Source type	Source
[M-H]-	107.69548	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+	109.419876	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+	116.16852	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Details1. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Agonist
Activator

General Function: Iron ion binding
Specific Function: Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. CO I is the catalytic su...
Gene Name: MT-CO1
Uniprot ID: P00395
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1
Molecular Weight: 57040.91 Da

References

Wilson MT, Antonini G, Malatesta F, Sarti P, Brunori M: Probing the oxygen binding site of cytochrome c oxidase by cyanide. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):24114-9. [Article]
Thomson AJ, Greenwood C, Gadsby PM, Peterson J, Eglinton DG, Hill BC, Nicholls P: The structure of the cytochrome a3-CuB site of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase as probed by MCD and EPR spectroscopy. J Inorg Biochem. 1985 Mar-Apr;23(3-4):187-97. [Article]

Details2. NADPH oxidase 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Agonist
Activator

General Function: Voltage-gated proton channel activity
Specific Function: NOH-1S is a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes and other tissues. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc. NOH-1L is ...
Gene Name: NOX1
Uniprot ID: Q9Y5S8
Uniprot Name: NADPH oxidase 1
Molecular Weight: 64870.455 Da

References

Smith RG: An appraisal of potential drug interactions regarding hyperbaric oxygen therapy and frequently prescribed medications. Wounds. 2011 Jun;23(6):147-59. [Article]
Prabhakar NR: Oxygen sensing by the carotid body chemoreceptors. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Jun;88(6):2287-95. [Article]

Carriers

Details1. Hemoglobin subunit beta

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Binder
Curator comments: Binding increases the affinity of other binding sites for oxygen.

General Function: Oxygen transporter activity
Specific Function: Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.Spinorphin: functions as an...
Gene Name: HBB
Uniprot ID: P68871
Uniprot Name: Hemoglobin subunit beta
Molecular Weight: 15998.34 Da

References

Hamilton HB, Iuchi I, Miyaji T, Shibata S: Hemoglobin Hiroshima (beta-143 histidine--aspartic acid): a newly identified fast moving beta chain variant associated with increased oxygen affinity and compensatory erythremia. J Clin Invest. 1969 Mar;48(3):525-35. [Article]

Details2. Hemoglobin subunit alpha

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Binder

General Function: Oxygen transporter activity
Specific Function: Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
Gene Name: HBA1
Uniprot ID: P69905
Uniprot Name: Hemoglobin subunit alpha
Molecular Weight: 15257.405 Da

References

Miyashita H, Hashimoto K, Mohri H, Ohokubo T, Harano T, Harano K, Imai K: Hb Kanagawa [alpha 40(C5)Lys----Met]: a new alpha chain variant with an increased oxygen affinity. Hemoglobin. 1992;16(1-2):1-10. [Article]

Drug created at September 30, 2015 16:55 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55

Oxygen

Identification

Structure for Oxygen (DB09140)

Pharmacology

Interactions

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Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

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Carriers

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