Identification
- Summary
Sodium citrate is an ingredient used for the anticoagulation of whole blood as part of automated apheresis procedures.
- Brand Names
- As 3, Bss, Bss Ophthalmic Solution, Cpda-1 Blood Collection System, Dalmacol, EnLyte, Intersol, Leukotrap, Nauzene, Oracit, Tricitrasol
- Generic Name
- Sodium citrate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09154
- Background
Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid. It is white, crystalline powder or white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol. Like citric acid, it has a sour taste. From the medical point of view, it is used as alkalinizing agent. It works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine. It has been indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Sodium citrate (DB09154)
- Weight
- Average: 258.068
Monoisotopic: 257.97283534 - Chemical Formula
- C6H5Na3O7
- Synonyms
- Anhydrous sodium citrate
- Anhydrous trisodium citrate
- Citric acid, trisodium salt
- Natrii citras
- Natrocitral
- Sodium citrate anhydrous
- Sodium citrate, anhydrous
- Sodium citrate,anhydrous
- trisodium citrate anhydrous
- Trisodium citrate concentration
- Trisodium citrate, anhydrous
- Trisodium-citrate
- External IDs
- E-331(III)
- FEMA NO. 3026, ANHYDROUS-
- INS NO.331(III)
- INS-331(III)
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used as an anticoagulant during plasmophoresis as well as a neutralizing agent in the treatment of upset stomach and acidic urine Label 6 7.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Acidosis Combination Product in combination with: Citric acid (DB04272), Sodium chloride (DB09153), Potassium citrate (DB09125) •••••••••••• •••••••• Used in combination to treat Allergic cough Combination Product in combination with: Diphenhydramine (DB01075), Dextromethorphan (DB00514) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Allergies Combination Product in combination with: Dextromethorphan (DB00514), Diphenhydramine (DB01075) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Asthma Combination Product in combination with: Phenylephrine (DB00388), Chlorpheniramine (DB01114), Ammonium chloride (DB06767) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Asthma chronic, cough Combination Product in combination with: Dextromethorphan (DB00514), Diphenhydramine (DB01075) •••••••••••• ••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Citrate prevents activation of the clotting cascade by chelating calcium ions. Citrate neutralizes acid in the stomach and urine, raising the pH 8.
- Mechanism of action
Citrate chelates free calcium ions preventing them from forming a complex with tissue factor and coagulation factor VIIa to promote the activation of coagulation factor X 1 2. This inhibits the extrinsic initiation of the coagulation cascade. Citrate may also exert an anticoagulant effect via a so far unknown mechanism as restoration of calcium concentration does not fully reverse the effect of citrate 1. Citrate is a weak base and so reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to raise the pH. It it further metabolized to bicarbonate which then acts as a systemic alkalizing agent, raising the pH of the blood and urine 8. It also acts as a diuretic and increases the urinary excretion of calcium.
- Absorption
Tmax of 98-130min 3.
- Volume of distribution
19-39L 3.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Citrate is metabolized to bicarbonate in the liver and plays a role as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle 5 9.
- Route of elimination
Largely eliminated through hepatic metabolism with very little cleared by the kidneys 3 4.
- Half-life
18-54 min 3
- Clearance
Total clearance of 313-1107mL/min 3.
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Overdose toxicity is mainly due to alkalosis as well as tetany or depressed heart function due to lack of free calcium 8.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Sodium citrate. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Aceclofenac is combined with Sodium citrate. Acemetacin The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Sodium citrate is combined with Acemetacin. Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acenocoumarol is combined with Sodium citrate. Acetophenazine Acetophenazine may increase the neurotoxic activities of Sodium citrate. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Recommendations vary from product to product - consult individual product monographs for additional information.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Sodium citrate dihydrate B22547B95K 6132-04-3 NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Citric acid unknown XF417D3PSL 77-92-9 KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation ionic LYR4M0NH37 17341-25-2 FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Anticoagulant Sod Citrate Soltn 4gm/100ml Solution 4 g Extracorporeal Baxter Laboratories 1990-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Solution 10 g/250mL Intravenous Medsep Corporation 2011-04-15 Not applicable US 
Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate 4% W/V Solution, USP Solution 4 g / 100 mL Unknown Haemonetics Corporation 2012-10-01 Not applicable Canada Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Sol 4% USP Liquid 4 % Intravenous Cutter Med & Biol, Division Of Miles Canada Ltd. 1988-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Solution USP Solution 4 g Extracorporeal Fenwal, Inc. 2011-11-01 2021-06-30 Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Solution 40 mg/1mL Intravenous CSL Plasma Inc. 2022-07-01 Not applicable US Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Solution 40 mg/1mL Extracorporeal Laboratorios Grifols Sa 2019-10-25 Not applicable US Sodium Citrate 4% w/v Anticoagulant Injection, solution 4 g/100mL Intravenous Terumo Bct, Ltd 2018-06-26 Not applicable US Sodium Citrate w/v Anticoagulant Injection, solution 4 g/100mL Intravenous Terumo Bct, Ltd 2018-06-26 Not applicable US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bromo Seltzer Powder 3.5 g / 5.83 g Oral Warner Lambert Canada Inc. 1976-12-31 1999-08-13 Canada CVS Health Nausea Relief Tablet, chewable 230 mg/1 Oral CVS Pharmacy,Inc. 2019-05-22 Not applicable US Emetrol Chewables Tablet, chewable 230 mg/1 Oral WellSpring Pharmaceutical Corporation 2022-03-15 Not applicable US Emetrol Chewables Mixed Berry Tablet, chewable 230 mg/1 Oral WellSpring Pharmaceutical Corporation 2023-07-01 Not applicable US Emetrol Chewables Orange Tablet, chewable 230 mg/1 Oral WellSpring Pharmaceutical Corporation 2023-07-01 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image A-C-D Solution Sodium citrate (250 mg / 10 mL) + Citric acid (80 mg / 10 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (132 mg / 10 mL) Liquid Intravenous Draximage A Division Of Draxis Specialty Pharmaceuticals Inc 1959-12-31 2003-07-08 Canada Acd A Sodium citrate dihydrate (2.2 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.8 g/100mL) + D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Terumo Bct, Ltd. 2002-02-25 Not applicable US Acd A Sodium citrate dihydrate (2.2 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.8 g/100mL) + D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Terumo Bct, Ltd. 2002-02-25 Not applicable US Acd A Sodium citrate (2.2 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.80 g/100mL) + D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Terumo BCT Ltd 2002-02-25 Not applicable US ACD Blood-Pack Units (PL 146 Plastic) Sodium citrate dihydrate (1.48 g/67.5mL) + Citric acid (493 mg/67.5mL) + D-glucose monohydrate (1.65 g/67.5mL) Solution Extracorporeal Fenwal, Inc. 2007-03-01 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution-A Sodium citrate (2.20 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.73 g/100mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (2.45 g/100mL) Solution Extracorporeal Biomet Biologics 2010-01-01 2010-09-06 US CVS Health Nausea Relief Sodium citrate dihydrate (230 mg/1) Tablet, chewable Oral CVS Pharmacy,Inc. 2019-05-22 Not applicable US Cytosol Ophthalmics - Balanced Salt Solution Sodium citrate dihydrate (1.70 mg/1mL) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (48 mg/1mL) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (30 mg/1mL) + Potassium chloride (75 mg/1mL) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (3.90 mg/1mL) + Sodium chloride (6.40 mg/1mL) Solution Irrigation Biomet Biologics 2010-01-01 2010-09-04 US Cytra 3 Sodium citrate (500 mg/5mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (334 mg/5mL) + Potassium citrate monohydrate (550 mg/5mL) Syrup Oral Pegasus Laboratories 2006-05-05 2009-10-17 US Cytra 3 Sodium citrate (500 mg/5mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (334 mg/5mL) + Potassium citrate monohydrate (550 mg/5mL) Syrup Oral Cypress Pharmaceuticals, Inc 2008-07-29 2014-10-11 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- B05CB02 — Sodium citrate
- Drug Categories
- Acids, Acyclic
- Antacids and Adsorbents
- Anticoagulants
- Blood and Blood Forming Organs
- Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
- Buffers
- Citrates
- Citric Acid Derivatives
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Diet, Food, and Nutrition
- Food
- Food Additives
- Food Ingredients
- Food Preservatives
- Hematologic Agents
- Irrigating Solutions
- Laboratory Chemicals
- Miscellaneous Anticoagulants
- Miscellaneous GI Drugs
- Neurotoxic agents
- Physiological Phenomena
- Salt Solutions
- Tricarboxylic Acids
- Urinary Alkalinisers
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Tertiary alcohols / Carboxylic acid salts / Carboxylic acids / Organic sodium salts / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid salt / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic alkali metal salt / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organic salt
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- organic sodium salt (CHEBI:53258)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- RS7A450LGA
- CAS number
- 68-04-2
- InChI Key
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
- IUPAC Name
- trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
- SMILES
- [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
References
- General References
- Mann KG, Whelihan MF, Butenas S, Orfeo T: Citrate anticoagulation and the dynamics of thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Oct;5(10):2055-61. [Article]
- Palta S, Saroa R, Palta A: Overview of the coagulation system. Indian J Anaesth. 2014 Sep;58(5):515-23. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.144643. [Article]
- Kramer L, Bauer E, Joukhadar C, Strobl W, Gendo A, Madl C, Gangl A: Citrate pharmacokinetics and metabolism in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2003 Oct;31(10):2450-5. [Article]
- Zheng Y, Xu Z, Zhu Q, Liu J, Qian J, You H, Gu Y, Hao C, Jiao Z, Ding F: Citrate Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 18;8(6):e65992. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065992. Print 2013. [Article]
- Li K, Xu Y: Citrate metabolism in blood transfusions and its relationship due to metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Apr 15;8(4):6578-84. eCollection 2015. [Article]
- FDA Monograph: Sodium Citrate Tablet [Link]
- FDA Monograph: Sodium Citrate Liquid [Link]
- TOXNET: Trisodium Citrate [Link]
- SMPDB: Citric Acid Cycle [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D05855
- PubChem Compound
- 6224
- PubChem Substance
- 310265067
- ChemSpider
- 5989
- 56466
- ChEBI
- 53258
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1355
- Wikipedia
- Sodium_citrate
- FDA label
- Download (124 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (77.2 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Corneal Staining 1 4 Completed Other End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) 1 4 Completed Prevention Catheter Related Infections 1 4 Completed Prevention Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSI) 1 4 Completed Screening Colonoscopy 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Intravenous Kit; solution Intravenous Solution Irrigation; Parenteral Solution Intraocular Injection, solution Extracorporeal Solution Unknown Solution Extracorporeal Solution Extracorporeal 4 g Solution Extracorporeal 40 mg/1mL Solution Intravenous 10 g/250mL Solution Intravenous 40 mg/1mL Solution Unknown 4 g / 100 mL Liquid Intravenous 4 % Solution Extracorporeal 0.8 g/100ml Solution Other Solution Ophthalmic Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular Injection, solution Intramuscular Suppository Rectal Tablet, effervescent Oral Powder Oral 3.5 g / 5.83 g Solution Parenteral 136 mmol/l Powder, for solution Oral Kit Intravenous Solution Rectal 0.63 g Solution Rectal 630 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 230 mg/1 Solution Irrigation Liquid Oral Solution Oral Solution Oral 334 mg/5ml Solution Oral 62.5 mg/5ml Solution Intravenous 4.21 g/1000ml Granule, for solution Oral Solution Oral 0.2600 g Powder, for solution Oral 460 mg/1 Capsule, liquid filled Oral Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral Injection, suspension Intramuscular Syrup Oral 135 mg/5ml Drug delivery system Oral 20.000 g Liquid Intraocular Syrup Powder Oral 2.65 g / pck Drug delivery system Oral Enema Rectal Enema; liquid Rectal Liquid Rectal Enema Rectal 12.5 % w/w Syrup Oral 5 mg/5ml Syrup Oral Syrup Oral 0.921 g/15mL Emulsion Rectal Solution, concentrate Oral Solution Intraocular; Ophthalmic Powder Oral 2.645 g / pck Solution Oral 1.188 g Powder Oral Kit Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Solution Intravenous 5.03 g/l Enema Rectal 0.35 g Syrup Oral 100 mg/5ml Injection, solution Extracorporeal Solution Extracorporeal Solution Intravenous 10.0 g/250mL Injection, solution Intravenous 4 g/100mL Solution Intravenous 4 g/100mL Solution Intravenous 2 g/50mL Powder, for solution Oral 2.9 g Solution Intraocular; Irrigation Syrup Oral 102 mg/5ml Solution Intravenous Injection, solution Intravenous Granule Oral Suspension Oral 62.5 mg/5ml Solution Extracorporeal 14 g/30mL Granule, effervescent Oral 0.72 g Powder, for solution Oral Granule, effervescent Oral Powder Oral 20.00 g Suspension Oral 135 mg/5ml Liquid Ophthalmic Tablet - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 300 MSDS water solubility 29.4g/L MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 73.7 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.55 ALOGPS logP -1.3 Chemaxon logS -0.54 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.05 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.2 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 7 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 140.62 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 Chemaxon Refractivity 68.14 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 14.23 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-0a4i-0090000000-159e2fe9d3ea097b6f77 - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 125.66848 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 127.655396 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 133.56429 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Transports C5-C7 oxodicarboxylates across the inner membranes of mitochondria. Can transport 2-oxoadipate, 2-oxoglutarate, adipate, glutarate, and to a lesser extent, pimelate, 2-oxopimelate, 2-ami...
- Gene Name
- SLC25A21
- Uniprot ID
- Q9BQT8
- Uniprot Name
- Mitochondrial 2-oxodicarboxylate carrier
- Molecular Weight
- 33302.88 Da
References
- UniProt: Mitochondrial 2-oxodicarboxylate carrier [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Low-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Cotransport of sodium ions and dicarboxylates such as succinate and citrate.
- Gene Name
- SLC13A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q13183
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 13 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 64409.495 Da
References
- UniProt: Solute carrier family 13 member 2 [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Succinate transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- High-affinity sodium/citrate cotransporter that mediates citrate entry into cells. The transport process is electrogenic; it is the trivalent form of citrate rather than the divalent form that is r...
- Gene Name
- SLC13A5
- Uniprot ID
- Q86YT5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 13 member 5
- Molecular Weight
- 63061.605 Da
References
- Inoue K, Zhuang L, Maddox DM, Smith SB, Ganapathy V: Structure, function, and expression pattern of a novel sodium-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT) cloned from mammalian brain. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):39469-76. Epub 2002 Aug 11. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in citrate-H(+)/malate exchange. Important for the bioenergetics of hepatic cells as it provides a carbon source for fatty acid and sterol biosyntheses, and NAD(+) for the glycolytic pathway.
- Gene Name
- SLC25A1
- Uniprot ID
- P53007
- Uniprot Name
- Tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 34012.46 Da
References
- Sun J, Aluvila S, Kotaria R, Mayor JA, Walters DE, Kaplan RS: Mitochondrial and Plasma Membrane Citrate Transporters: Discovery of Selective Inhibitors and Application to Structure/Function Analysis. Mol Cell Pharmacol. 2010;2(3):101-110. [Article]
Drug created at October 01, 2015 20:41 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54