Identification
- Summary
Carbon dioxide is a naturally-occurring gas used as a insufflation gas during minimally invasive surgeries to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area.
- Generic Name
- Carbon dioxide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09157
- Background
Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Medical Carbon Dioxide is a liquefied medicinal gas, supplied in cylinders filled to a high pressure. Medical Carbon Dioxide may be used in different situations, e.g. during bodily investigations, to inflate body cavities during surgery (such as key-hole surgery), and in solid form (dry ice) for freezing of tissue and removal of warts.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Carbon dioxide (DB09157)
- Weight
- Average: 44.0095
Monoisotopic: 43.989829244 - Chemical Formula
- CO2
- Synonyms
- Carbon dioxide
- External IDs
- E-290
- INS NO.290
- INS-290
Pharmacology
- Indication
Carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimal invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. It has been used also in cryotherapy and as respiratory stimulant before and after anesthesia. It could be used also in expansion of blood vessels if required, to increase carbon dioxide level after rapid breathing, and to stimulate breathing after a period of nonbreathing.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (hlhs) •••••••••••• ••• Treatment of Laryngeal injuries •••••••••••• ••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Data not found.
- Mechanism of action
Data not found.
- Absorption
Data not found.
- Volume of distribution
Data not found.
- Protein binding
No protein binding data.
- Metabolism
Not metabolized.
- Route of elimination
Data not found.
- Half-life
Data not found.
- Clearance
Data not found.
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Signs of intoxication have been produced by a 30-minute exposure at 50,000 ppm , and a few minutes exposure at 70,000 to 100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Air 90% Carbon Dioxide 10% Gas 100 mL/1L Respiratory (inhalation) A-OX WELDING SUPPLY CO., INC. 2015-03-11 Not applicable US 
Carbon Dioxide Gas 992 mL/1L Intraperitoneal; Respiratory (inhalation); Soft tissue Airgas Usa, Llc 1997-11-06 2012-08-10 US Carbon Dioxide Gas 990 mL/1L Respiratory (inhalation) Messer Gas Puerto Rico, Inc 1965-01-01 Not applicable US Carbon Dioxide Gas 990 mL/1L Respiratory (inhalation) AGL Inhalation Therapy Co. 1966-01-01 Not applicable US Carbon Dioxide Gas 99 kg/100kg Respiratory (inhalation) Specialty Gases Of America 1995-01-01 2015-06-10 US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Carbon Dioxide Gas 990 mL/1L Respiratory (inhalation) AGL Inhalation Therapy Co. 1966-01-01 2010-07-19 US Carbon Dioxide 99% Gas 99.0 % Air Products Canada Ltd/LtÉe. 1988-12-31 2003-06-13 Canada 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Carbogen Carbon dioxide (50 %) + Oxygen (50 %) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Messer Canada Inc. 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada Carbon Dioxide 1% W Air Carbon dioxide (15 %) + Medical air (85 %) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Liquid Carbonic Inc. 1990-12-31 1998-06-09 Canada Carbon Dioxide 1% W Oxygen Carbon dioxide (7 %) + Oxygen (93 %) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Liquid Carbonic Inc. 1990-12-31 1998-06-09 Canada Carbon Dioxide 12.1% W Oxygen Carbon dioxide (23 %) + Oxygen (77 %) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Praxair, Inc. 1990-12-31 Not applicable Canada Carbon Dioxide 15.1% W Air Carbon dioxide (30 %) + Medical air (70 %) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Liquid Carbonic Inc. 1990-12-31 1998-06-09 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Carbogen Carbon dioxide (5 mL/1L) + Oxygen (95 mL/1L) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) WestAir Gases and Equipment, Inc. 2000-01-01 Not applicable US Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (992 mL/1L) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Airgas Intermountain Inc 1985-01-01 Not applicable US Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (990 mL/1L) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Linde Puerto Rico B.V. 2005-10-01 Not applicable US Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (99 L/100L) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Linde Gas & Equipment Inc. 1990-11-28 Not applicable US Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (992 mL/1L) Gas Intraperitoneal; Respiratory (inhalation); Soft tissue Airgas Usa, Llc 1997-11-06 2012-08-10 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- V03AN02 — Carbon dioxide
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as other non-metal oxides. These are inorganic compounds containing an oxygen atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous non-metal compounds
- Class
- Other non-metal organides
- Sub Class
- Other non-metal oxides
- Direct Parent
- Other non-metal oxides
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic oxides
- Substituents
- Inorganic oxide / Other non-metal oxide
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- one-carbon compound, carbon oxide (CHEBI:16526) / a small molecule (CARBON-DIOXIDE)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 142M471B3J
- CAS number
- 124-38-9
- InChI Key
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3
- IUPAC Name
- methanedione
- SMILES
- O=C=O
References
- General References
- Cheong JY, Keshava A, Witting P, Young CJ: Effects of Intraoperative Insufflation With Warmed, Humidified CO2 during Abdominal Surgery: A Review. Ann Coloproctol. 2018 Jun;34(3):125-137. doi: 10.3393/ac.2017.09.26. Epub 2018 Jun 30. [Article]
- product leaflet [Link]
- product info [Link]
- FDA Compliance Program Guidance Manual: Compressed Medical Gases [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0001967
- KEGG Drug
- D00004
- KEGG Compound
- C00011
- PubChem Compound
- 280
- PubChem Substance
- 310265070
- ChemSpider
- 274
- 2034
- ChEBI
- 16526
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1231871
- PharmGKB
- PA448801
- PDBe Ligand
- CO2
- Wikipedia
- Carbon_dioxide
- PDB Entries
- 1e5h / 1kek / 1krc / 1r3q / 2bgi / 2c3y / 2fvy / 2h31 / 2i61 / 2olq … show 126 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Other Endoscopy / Insufflation 1 4 Unknown Status Treatment Alopecia Areata (AA) 1 4 Unknown Status Treatment Vitiligo, Generalized 1 3 Completed Treatment Bladder Cancer 1 3 Recruiting Treatment Acute Ischemic Stroke 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 100 mL/1L Gas Intragastric 99 L/100L Gas Intraperitoneal; Respiratory (inhalation); Soft tissue 992 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 1 g/1g Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 1 L/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 1000 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 900 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 99 kg/100kg Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 99 L/100L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 990 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 990 g/1kg Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 991 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 992 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 995 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 998 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 100 % Gas 99.0 % Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 200 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 50 mL/1L Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 99 % Liquid Cutaneous 992 mL/1L Gas Nasal 99 % v/v Gas Subcutaneous 99 % Gas Respiratory (inhalation) Gas Respiratory (inhalation) 99.5 % - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 186.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.63 ALOGPS logP -0.28 Chemaxon logS 0.63 ALOGPS Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 34.14 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 6.38 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 2.57 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 113.18719 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M-H]- 113.18719 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 114.99412 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 114.99412 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 122.227005 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 122.227005 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at October 02, 2015 17:00 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55