Tianeptine

Identification

Summary

Tianeptine is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant with antidepressant and anxiolytic effects primarily used to treat major depressive disorder.

Generic Name

Tianeptine

DrugBank Accession Number

DB09289

Background

Tianeptine is a drug used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder and has been studied in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ³. Structurally, it is classified as a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), however, it possesses different pharmacological properties than typical tricyclic antidepressants ¹.

Tianeptine was discovered and patented by The French Society of Medical Research in the 1960s ²⁹. Currently, tianeptine is approved in France and manufactured and marketed by Laboratories Servier SA; it is also marketed in several other European countries under the trade name “Coaxil” as well as in Asia (including Singapore) and Latin America as “Stablon” and “Tatinol” but it is not available in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the U.K. or the U.S.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Investigational

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 436.952
Monoisotopic: 436.122355695
Chemical Formula: C₂₁H₂₅ClN₂O₄S

Synonyms

Tianeptina
Tianeptine

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Pharmacology

Indication

Used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety ¹. It is currently being studied for fibromyalgia pain treatment ²³.

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Treatment of	Major depressive disorder (mdd)		••••••••••••			••••••

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Analyses in large-scale epidemiologic surveys have shown that the anxiety disorders are widely comorbid with major depression. This makes antidepressant with anxiolytic properties particularly unique and attractive ².

Tianeptine is effective in reducing depressive symptoms in mild to severe major depressive disorder and also alleviates anxious symptoms associated with depression without the need for coadministration of an anti-anxiety medication ².

These findings, however, are met with controversial data. In a study of healthy volunteers, Tianeptine-treated subjects were less accurate at identifying facial expressions, suggesting a lack of improvement in the psychomotor symptoms of depression. The tianeptine group also showed reduced memory and reduced attentional vigilance to various stimuli ⁶.

Mechanism of action

Recent studies suggest that tianeptine acts as a full agonist at the mu-type opioid receptor (MOR) ¹³, ¹⁴. The mu opioid receptors are currently being studied as effective targets for antidepressant therapies ³⁰. It is believed that the clinical effects of tianeptine are owed to its modulation of these receptors ¹³. In addition to its actions on the opioid receptor, previous studies have owed its action to its effect on the serotonin receptor ¹⁵, ¹⁶, dopamine (D2/3) receptors ¹⁷, and glutamate receptors ¹¹, ³², as discussed below:

Tianeptine has challenged the monoaminergic hypothesis of depression, as well as the widely supported monoaminergic mechanisms whereby the action of most known antidepressants have been explained ²¹. Specifically, this drug is thought to persistently alter glutamate receptor bursting of the hippocampal CA3 commissural associational synapse ². Current research suggests that tianeptine produces its antidepressant effects through the modulation of glutamate receptor activity (for example, AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors) and affect the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which impacts neural plasticity ⁴. More recent studies by support the role of tianeptine in the modulation of glutaminergic activity in the amygdala, the emotional region of the brain associated with memories ².

Tianeptine reduces the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress, and thus prevents stress-related behavioral issues ^4,5. In rodents, the stress of acute restraint increases extracellular levels of glutamate in the basolateral amygdala an effect that was inhibited by tianeptine ². Interestingly, the SSRI fluoxetine increased extracellular glutamate levels in the basolateral amygdala regardless of stress conditions. These data demonstrate that the mechanism of action of tianeptine is distinct from SSRIs and support the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of tianeptine relates to alteration of glutaminergic activity in the amygdala and the hippocampus ^2,1,4.

In addition to the above mechanisms, tianeptine is a unique antidepressant and anxiolytic medication that stimulates the uptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain tissue ².

Although the monoaminergic neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) are proven to be related to the occurrence of depressive disorders, it is now recognized that monoamine deficits are not sufficient to explain the mechanism of action of antidepressant medications ².

Target	Actions	Organism
AMu-type opioid receptor	agonist	Humans
UGlutamate receptor 1	modulator	Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	inhibitor	Humans
UDopamine D3 receptor	agonist	Humans

Absorption

Well absorbed, approximately 99% bioavailability ⁹.

Volume of distribution

0.8 L/kg (0.77 +/- 0.31 L/kg) ¹²

Protein binding

95% bound to plasma protein ²⁵.

Metabolism

Tianeptine is metabolized primarily by beta-oxidation of its heptanoic side chain ⁷. The metabolism of tianeptine was studied after a one-time oral administration of radioisotopically (14C) labeled compound to healthy male volunteers. After 1 week, approximately 66% of the dose was eliminated by the kidneys (55% elimination during the first 24 hr). After 24h, unchanged drug 3% of the drug was found unchanged in the urine. Three major metabolites result from beta-oxidation of Tianeptine. The metabolite profiles of tianeptine in feces and plasma were found to be qualitatively similar to that in urine ⁸.

Route of elimination

Eliminated with bile as glucuronide and glutamine conjugates ¹⁰.

Half-life

Approximately 2.5 h ¹²

Clearance

Rapidly cleared by the kidneys ²⁵.

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

There are several published case reports of tianeptine intoxication and death ²⁸. An overdose of tianeptine can lead to opiod-like effects and lead to respiratory failure and death, due to its direct effect on the mu opioid receptor ²⁸. In addition, cardiotoxicity can result from an overdose of this medication ²⁸.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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1,2-Benzodiazepine	The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Tianeptine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
Abametapir	The serum concentration of Tianeptine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept	The metabolism of Tianeptine can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Acalabrutinib	The metabolism of Tianeptine can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Acarbose	Tianeptine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Acarbose.

Food Interactions

Exercise caution with grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of tianeptine.
Exercise caution with St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A metabolism, which may reduce serum levels of tianeptine.

Products

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Tianeptine sodium	YG0E19592I	30123-17-2	ZLBSUOGMZDXYKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M

International/Other Brands

Coaxil / Neptine (Hanmi South Korea) / Salymbra / Stablon / Tatinol / Tianeurax / Zinosal

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: 0T493YFU8O
CAS number: 72797-41-2
InChI Key: JICJBGPOMZQUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H25ClN2O4S/c1-24-18-9-6-5-8-16(18)21(23-13-7-3-2-4-10-20(25)26)17-12-11-15(22)14-19(17)29(24,27)28/h5-6,8-9,11-12,14,21,23H,2-4,7,10,13H2,1H3,(H,25,26)
IUPAC Name: 7-({6-chloro-10-methyl-9,9-dioxo-9lambda6-thia-10-azatricyclo[9.4.0.0^{3,8}]pentadeca-1(15),3(8),4,6,11,13-hexaen-2-yl}amino)heptanoic acid
SMILES: CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(NCCCCCCC(O)=O)C2=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)S1(=O)=O

References

General References

Wilde MI, Benfield P: Tianeptine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in depression and coexisting anxiety and depression. Drugs. 1995 Mar;49(3):411-39. [Article]
Kole MH, Swan L, Fuchs E: The antidepressant tianeptine persistently modulates glutamate receptor currents of the hippocampal CA3 commissural associational synapse in chronically stressed rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2002 Sep;16(5):807-16. [Article]
Sohn W, Lee OY, Kwon JG, Park KS, Lim YJ, Kim TH, Jung SW, Kim JI: Tianeptine vs amitriptyline for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled study. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 Sep;24(9):860-e398. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01945.x. Epub 2012 Jun 11. [Article]
Reagan LP, Hendry RM, Reznikov LR, Piroli GG, Wood GE, McEwen BS, Grillo CA: Tianeptine increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the rat amygdala. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 22;565(1-3):68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.023. Epub 2007 Feb 20. [Article]
Delbende C, Contesse V, Mocaer E, Kamoun A, Vaudry H: The novel antidepressant, tianeptine, reduces stress-evoked stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Sep 24;202(3):391-6. [Article]
Cooper CM, Whiting DA, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ: Tianeptine in an experimental medicine model of antidepressant action. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 May;29(5):582-90. doi: 10.1177/0269881115573810. Epub 2015 Mar 10. [Article]
Fromenty B, Freneaux E, Labbe G, Deschamps D, Larrey D, Letteron P, Pessayre D: Tianeptine, a new tricyclic antidepressant metabolized by beta-oxidation of its heptanoic side chain, inhibits the mitochondrial oxidation of medium and short chain fatty acids in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 Nov 1;38(21):3743-51. [Article]
Grislain L, Gele P, Bertrand M, Luijten W, Bromet N, Salvadori C, Kamoun A: The metabolic pathways of tianeptine, a new antidepressant, in healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos. 1990 Sep-Oct;18(5):804-8. [Article]
Salvadori C, Ward C, Defrance R, Hopkins R: The pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant tianeptine and its main metabolite in healthy humans--influence of alcohol co-administration. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1990;4(1):115-25. [Article]
Szafarz M, Wencel A, Pociecha K, Fedak FA, Wlaz P, Wyska E: Pharmacokinetic study of tianeptine and its active metabolite MC5 in rats following different routes of administration using a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analytical method. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;391(2):185-196. doi: 10.1007/s00210-017-1448-2. Epub 2017 Dec 12. [Article]
McEwen BS, Chattarji S, Diamond DM, Jay TM, Reagan LP, Svenningsson P, Fuchs E: The neurobiological properties of tianeptine (Stablon): from monoamine hypothesis to glutamatergic modulation. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;15(3):237-49. doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.80. Epub 2009 Aug 25. [Article]
Royer RJ, Albin H, Barrucand D, Salvadori-Failler C, Kamoun A: Pharmacokinetic and metabolic parameters of tianeptine in healthy volunteers and in populations with risk factors. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1988;11 Suppl 2:S90-6. [Article]
Gassaway MM, Rives ML, Kruegel AC, Javitch JA, Sames D: The atypical antidepressant and neurorestorative agent tianeptine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Jul 15;4:e411. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.30. [Article]
Samuels BA, Nautiyal KM, Kruegel AC, Levinstein MR, Magalong VM, Gassaway MM, Grinnell SG, Han J, Ansonoff MA, Pintar JE, Javitch JA, Sames D, Hen R: The Behavioral Effects of the Antidepressant Tianeptine Require the Mu-Opioid Receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Sep;42(10):2052-2063. doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.60. Epub 2017 Mar 17. [Article]
Datla KP, Curzon G: Behavioural and neurochemical evidence for the decrease of brain extracellular 5-HT by the antidepressant drug tianeptine. Neuropharmacology. 1993 Sep;32(9):839-45. [Article]
Sonawalla S, Chakraborty N, Parikh R: Treatment of major depression and anxiety with the selective serotonin re-uptake enhancer tianeptine in the outpatient psychiatric care setting of India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2003 Feb;101(2):116-7, 124. [Article]
Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Rogoz Z, Skuza G, Dlaboga D, Maj J: Effect of repeated treatment with tianeptine and fluoxetine on central dopamine D(2) /D(3) receptors. Behav Pharmacol. 2002 Mar;13(2):127-38. [Article]
Tianeptine [Link]
Tianeptine [Link]
Tianeptine properties [Link]
The neurobiological properties of Tianeptine (Stablon): from monoamine hypothesis to glutamatergic modulation [Link]
Pharmacokinetic study of tianeptine and its active metabolite MC5 in rats following different routes of administration using a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analytical method [Link]
Effects of tianeptine on symptoms of fibromyalgia via BDNF signaling in a fibromyalgia animal model [Link]
Anxiety- rather than depression-like behavior is associated with adult neurogenesis in a female mouse model of higher trait anxiety- and comorbid depression-like behavior [Link]
Antidepressants: Past, Present and Future [Link]
TIANEPTINE DRUG INFORMATION [Link]
Acute Toxicity From Intravenous Use of the Tricyclic Antidepressant Tianeptine [Link]
Management of Respiratory Depression from Tianeptine Overdose with Naloxone [Link]
HMDB, Tianeptine Metabocard [Link]
Targeting opioid receptor signalling in depression: do we need selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists? [Link]
The kappa opioid receptor: from addiction to depression, and back [Link]
The antidepressant tianeptine persistently modulates glutamate receptor currents of the hippocampal CA3 commissural-associational synapse in chronically stressed rats [File]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0042038
KEGG Drug: D02575
PubChem Compound: 68870
PubChem Substance: 310265181
ChemSpider: 62102
RxNav: 38252
ChEBI: 91749
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1289110
Wikipedia: Tianeptine

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Treatment	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Major depressive disorder, recurrent episode	1
3	Unknown Status	Treatment	Bipolar Disorder (BD)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Depression / Depressive Disorder / Depressive Episodes / Depressive Symptomatology / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) / Severe Depression	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Diseases of the Nervous System	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Tablet, coated	Oral	12.5 mg
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral
Tablet	Oral	12.5 mg
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral	12.5 mg

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	148	L1413
boiling point (°C)	609.2	L1413

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.00413 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	2.07	ALOGPS
logP	1.54	Chemaxon
logS	-5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	4.22	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	7.81	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	86.71 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	8	Chemaxon
Refractivity	113.41 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	45.74 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	3	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	splash10-0297-2955000000-f5d01fbffed94ca1d3d4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-00kr-0000900000-b8fe72d0451224f649dc
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0000900000-a76fd39328d3d6274a31
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0gbl-0022900000-8322bc638a82b1c14e1c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0006-0009200000-0d6b0e19039d49890ca6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0006-2091000000-514e025b18748745c740
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0a5c-5149100000-36e5f4446fc81cbb094c
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Adduct	CCS Value (Å²)	Source type	Source
[M-H]-	206.235223	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-	196.27959	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+	206.156523	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+	198.82988	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+	206.452123	predicted	DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+	206.45665	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.

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Details1. Mu-type opioid receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function: Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
Gene Name: OPRM1
Uniprot ID: P35372
Uniprot Name: Mu-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight: 44778.855 Da

References

Gassaway MM, Rives ML, Kruegel AC, Javitch JA, Sames D: The atypical antidepressant and neurorestorative agent tianeptine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Jul 15;4:e411. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.30. [Article]
Samuels BA, Nautiyal KM, Kruegel AC, Levinstein MR, Magalong VM, Gassaway MM, Grinnell SG, Han J, Ansonoff MA, Pintar JE, Javitch JA, Sames D, Hen R: The Behavioral Effects of the Antidepressant Tianeptine Require the Mu-Opioid Receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Sep;42(10):2052-2063. doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.60. Epub 2017 Mar 17. [Article]
Possible Involvement of µ Opioid Receptor in the Antidepressant-Like Effect of Shuyu Formula in Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-Like Rats [Link]

Details2. Glutamate receptor 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Modulator

General Function: Pdz domain binding
Specific Function: Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a co...
Gene Name: GRIA1
Uniprot ID: P42261
Uniprot Name: Glutamate receptor 1
Molecular Weight: 101505.245 Da

References

McEwen BS, Chattarji S, Diamond DM, Jay TM, Reagan LP, Svenningsson P, Fuchs E: The neurobiological properties of tianeptine (Stablon): from monoamine hypothesis to glutamatergic modulation. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;15(3):237-49. doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.80. Epub 2009 Aug 25. [Article]
The antidepressant tianeptine persistently modulates glutamate receptor currents of the hippocampal CA3 commissural-associational synapse in chronically stressed rats [File]

Details3. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
Gene Name: HTR1A
Uniprot ID: P08908
Uniprot Name: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Molecular Weight: 46106.335 Da

References

Datla KP, Curzon G: Behavioural and neurochemical evidence for the decrease of brain extracellular 5-HT by the antidepressant drug tianeptine. Neuropharmacology. 1993 Sep;32(9):839-45. [Article]
Sonawalla S, Chakraborty N, Parikh R: Treatment of major depression and anxiety with the selective serotonin re-uptake enhancer tianeptine in the outpatient psychiatric care setting of India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2003 Feb;101(2):116-7, 124. [Article]
Tianeptine: A review of its use in depressive disorders. [Link]

Details4. Dopamine D3 receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Agonist

General Function: G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function: Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name: DRD3
Uniprot ID: P35462
Uniprot Name: D(3) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight: 44224.335 Da

References

Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Rogoz Z, Skuza G, Dlaboga D, Maj J: Effect of repeated treatment with tianeptine and fluoxetine on central dopamine D(2) /D(3) receptors. Behav Pharmacol. 2002 Mar;13(2):127-38. [Article]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name: CYP3A4
Uniprot ID: P08684
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight: 57342.67 Da

References

Preskorn SH: Tianeptine: a facilitator of the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine as an antidepressant? J Psychiatr Pract. 2004 Sep;10(5):323-30. [Article]
Caccia S: Metabolism of the newer antidepressants. An overview of the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic implications. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998 Apr;34(4):281-302. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199834040-00002. [Article]
Larrey D. and Ripault M. (2013). Drug-induced liver disease (3rd ed.). Academic Press.

Drug created at October 29, 2015 19:44 / Updated at February 03, 2022 06:26

Tianeptine

Identification

Structure for Tianeptine (DB09289)

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Targets

References

References

References

References

Enzymes

References