NAV

Polyvinyl alcohol

Identification

Summary

Polyvinyl alcohol is a compound used as an ophthalmic lubricant.

Brand Names
Clear Eyes Natural Tears, Freshkote, Minidrops, Refresh Lubricant, Stye
Generic Name
Polyvinyl alcohol
DrugBank Accession Number
DB11060
Background

Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer obtained by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. It has varying roles in commercial and industrial applications such as papermaking, textiles, and printing. Polyvinyl alcohol is found in ophthalmic solutions as a lubricant to prevent irritation or to relieve dryness of the eyes 4.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Synonyms
  • Alcohol polivinílico
  • Polyvinyl alcohol
  • PVOH
External IDs
  • E-1203
  • INS-1203
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Pharmacology

Indication

For use as a lubricant to prevent further irritation or to relieve dryness of the eye(s) 6.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatDry eyesCombination Product in combination with: Dexpanthenol (DB09357)••• ••••••••••• • •••••• •••••••••• • •••••
Symptomatic treatment ofDry eyes••• •••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Temporarily relieves burning and irritation due to dryness of the eye or from exposure to wind or sun. Lubricates the eyes and helps protect against further eye irritation/dryness 7.

Mechanism of action

As a synthetic resin with hydrophilic properties, it increases the persistence of tear film and therefore lubricates and soothes dry/irritated eyes 9.

Absorption

Polyvinyl alcohol is poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, and readily eliminated from the body 5.

Volume of distribution

This drug does not accumulate in the body when administered orally 1.

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

When injected intravenously, polyvinyl alcohol has a half-life of 90 min 2.

Intraocularly, in eye drop form, the half-life is 7.2 minutes 3.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The oral acute toxicity of PVOH (LD50) in rats and mice are 20 g/kg and 14.7 g/kg, respectively 5. Adverse effects include eye pain and changes of vision, and redness or irritation of the eye 9.

Mild stinging or irritation of the eye, crusting of eyelid, eye pain, ocular hyperaemia, eye pruritus, foreign body sensation, eye discharge, and increased lacrimation may also occur 8.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Akwa TearsSolution14 mg/1mLOphthalmicPreferreed Pharmaceuticals Inc.2010-11-222013-06-11US flag
Artificial TearsSolution / drops14 mg/1mLOphthalmicCardinal Health2011-11-15Not applicableUS flag
Artificial TearsSolution / drops14 mg/1mLOphthalmicAru Pharma Inc.2020-03-312025-03-31US flag
Artificial TearsSolution / drops14 mg/1mLOphthalmicRugby Laboratories Inc.2011-10-072019-02-28US flag
Artificial TearsSolution / drops1.4 %OphthalmicRivex Ophthalmics Inc.1997-08-112003-07-28Canada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Artifical TearsPolyvinyl alcohol (0.05 g/1mL) + Povidone (0.06 g/1mL)Solution / dropsOphthalmicmedsource pharmaceuticals2016-04-04Not applicableUS flag
Artificial TearsPolyvinyl alcohol (5 mg/1mL) + Povidone (6 mg/1mL)Solution / dropsOphthalmicKc Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2003-11-25Not applicableUS flag
Artificial TearsPolyvinyl alcohol (0.5 g/100mL) + Povidone (0.6 g/100mL)SolutionOphthalmicNucare Pharmaceuticals,inc.2020-01-02Not applicableUS flag
Artificial TearsPolyvinyl alcohol (5 mg/1mL) + Povidone (6 mg/1mL)Solution / dropsOphthalmicStrategic Sourcing Services LLC2012-03-012015-12-31US flag
Artificial Tears ExtraPolyvinyl alcohol (1.4 %) + Povidone (0.6 %)SolutionOphthalmicPharmascience Inc1997-05-162016-10-31Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
SICCAPROTECT 10 ML GOZ DAMLASIPolyvinyl alcohol (14 mg/ml) + Dexpanthenol (30 mg/ml)Solution / dropsOphthalmicBİEM İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2013-01-292020-12-09Turkey flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
532B59J990
CAS number
9002-89-5

References

General References
  1. DeMerlis CC, Schoneker DR: Review of the oral toxicity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Mar;41(3):319-26. [Article]
  2. Yamaoka T, Tabata Y, Ikada Y: Comparison of body distribution of poly(vinyl alcohol) with other water-soluble polymers after intravenous administration. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1995 Jun;47(6):479-86. [Article]
  3. O'Connor, Davies, G.A. Hopkins, R.M. Hopkins (2014). The Actions and Uses of Ophthalmic Drugs. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  4. Polyvinyl alcohol, PubChem [Link]
  5. Polivinyl Alcohol Review [Link]
  6. Daily Med, Artificial Tears [Link]
  7. HYPOTEARS - polyvinyl alcohol and polyehtylene glycol 400 solution/ drops [Link]
  8. MIMS, Polyvinyl Alcohol [Link]
  9. Pediatrics On Call: Polyvinyl Alcohol [Link]
  10. Express Chemist: Allergan Liquifilm Tears (polyvinyl alcohol) ocular lubricant [Link]
  11. European Food Safety Document [File]
PubChem Substance
347911099
RxNav
8570
Wikipedia
Polyvinyl_alcohol
MSDS
Download (65.3 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentDry Eyes1
2Unknown StatusTreatmentNuclear Cataract1
1WithdrawnTreatmentMalignant Neoplasm in the Head and Neck / Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Head and Neck1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentDry Eye Syndrome (DES)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionIntraocular; Ophthalmic14 mg
SolutionOphthalmic14 mg/1mL
SolutionConjunctival; Ophthalmic14 mg
SolutionConjunctival; Ophthalmic10 mg
Solution14 mg
SolutionOphthalmic1.4 %
Solution / drops; suspension / dropsOphthalmic
Solution / dropsOphthalmic14 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical
Solution / dropsIntraocular
Solution / dropsOphthalmic1 %
SolutionOphthalmic; Topical14 mg
SolutionOphthalmic0.014 %
Solution / dropsOphthalmic3 %
SolutionOphthalmic14.000 mg
LiquidOphthalmic
SuspensionOphthalmic14 mg
SolutionConjunctival; Ophthalmic
SolutionOphthalmic14 mg
LiquidOphthalmic1.4 %
For solutionTopical5 mg/1mL
SolutionOphthalmic
Solution / dropsOphthalmic1.4 %
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
Solution / dropsOphthalmic1.4 g/100mL
Solution / dropsOphthalmic1 % w/v
SuspensionOphthalmic
SolutionIntraocular14 mg/1mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
water solubilitysoluble in water (slightly)MSDS
Predicted Properties
Not Available
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55