Identification
- Summary
Magnesium citrate is a laxative used in bowel preparation for colonoscopy or as a magnesium supplement.
- Brand Names
- Citroma
- Generic Name
- Magnesium citrate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11110
- Background
Magnesium citrate is a low volume and osmotic cathartic agent. The cathartic action works primarily through the high osmolarity of the solution which draws large amounts of fluid into space where is used.5 Magnesium citrate is considered by the FDA as an approved inactive ingredient for approved drug products under the specifications of oral administration of a maximum concentration of 237 mg.7 It is also considered as an active ingredient in over-the-counter products.6
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Magnesium citrate (DB11110)
- Weight
- Average: 451.113
Monoisotopic: 449.9621801 - Chemical Formula
- C12H10Mg3O14
- Synonyms
- Magnesium citrate
- Magnesium dicitrate
- Trimagnesium citrate
- Trimagnesium dicitrate
Pharmacology
- Indication
Magnesium citrate has been used in bowel preparations prior to a colonoscopy as a cathartic agent.5
It is also used in over-the-counter products to relieve occasional constipation.8
Magnesium citrate can be one of the forms used for the administration of dietary supplements.9
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Prophylaxis of Migraine ••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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The onset of action can be as early as 30 minutes after administration with a mean onset time of approximately 2 hours and a maximum action of 4 hours. The effect of magnesium citrate is highly dependent on the individual's hydration status.5
- Mechanism of action
It mainly works through its property of high osmolality which will draw large amounts of fluid into the colonic lumen. There is also a possible stimulation of fluid excretion by cholecystokinin release and activation of muscle peristalsis.5
- Absorption
Mean plasma concentration of magnesium after administration of oral doses of magnesium citrate are reported to be of around 0.7 mmol/L and the concentration in saliva rested in 0.28 mmol/L. In reports, it has also been proven that the absorption and bioavailability of magnesium are greater when administered in the form of magnesium citrate when compared with other forms such as magnesium ocude.1
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Magnesium, once ionized, is highly bound to plasma proteins and it can represent even 90% of the magnesium found in blood plasma.3
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
After oral administration of magnesium citrate, there is a 40% increase in urine excretion of magnesium.2 Magnesium citrate is also widely eliminated via the feces because, when present in the bowel, it relaxes the bowel and pulls water into the intestine which increases bowel movement and a significant portion of this agent gets excreted by this via.10
- Half-life
The study of the half-life of magnesium citrate is very difficult due to the half-life of the available isotopes for magnesium.4
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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The occurrence of overdose with magnesium citrate is very unlikely but some of the signs of the presence of overdose are diarrhea or severe stomach pain.8
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcetazolamide The risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Magnesium citrate. Aclidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium. Alendronic acid Magnesium citrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Alendronic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Alfacalcidol The serum concentration of Magnesium citrate can be increased when it is combined with Alfacalcidol. Alfentanil The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Alfentanil. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Taking magnesium supplements with food may reduce the risk of diarrhea.
Products
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Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Magnesium cation ionic T6V3LHY838 22537-22-0 JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium unknown I38ZP9992A 7439-95-4 RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BET-R-PREP Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution 1.745 g/1mL Topical Satius Pharmaceuticals, Llc 2017-11-18 Not applicable US 
Citrate of Magnesium Liquid 1.745 g/29.6mL Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2003-01-29 Not applicable US Citroma Liquid 1.745 g/29.6mL Oral C.D.M.A., INC 2020-02-18 Not applicable US Citroma Liquid 1.745 g/29.6mL Oral CVS 2018-02-18 Not applicable US Citroma Liquid 1.745 g/29.6mL Oral Military Exchanges 2021-06-03 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cal-mag Tablet Magnesium citrate (7 mg / tab) + Calcium lactate (48 mg / tab) Tablet Oral Standard Process Inc. Not applicable Not applicable Canada 
Calcium and Magnesium Citrate and Vitamin D 250mg/125mg/200iu Magnesium citrate (125 mg) + Calcium citrate (250 mg) + Cholecalciferol (200 unit) Tablet Oral Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 2001-11-23 2002-05-15 Canada Calcium and Magnesium Citrate With Vitamin D Magnesium citrate (137.5 mg) + Calcium citrate (275 mg) + Ergocalciferol (100 unit) Tablet Oral Sisu Inc. 1997-10-28 2005-07-13 Canada Calcium Lactate Powder Magnesium citrate (18 mg / g) + Calcium lactate (119 mg / g) Powder Oral Standard Process Inc. Not applicable Not applicable Canada Calcium Magnesium Plus Vitamin D Liquid Magnesium citrate (3 mg / mL) + Calcium gluconate (6 mg / mL) + Ergocalciferol (2 unit / mL) + Inositol (.6 mg / mL) Liquid Oral Jamp Pharma Corporation 2002-04-22 2003-02-05 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Folcyteine Magnesium citrate (16 mg/1) + Acetylcysteine (200 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (47 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1000 ug/1) Tablet Oral PureTek Corporation 2023-09-14 Not applicable US LiquiCal with Magnesium Magnesium citrate (48 mg/1mL) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (168 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (66 [iU]/1mL) + Zinc citrate (1.4 mg/1mL) Liquid Oral PureTek Corporation 2023-12-27 Not applicable US Livita Adults Magnesium citrate (100 mg/1mL) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg/1mL) + Biotin (30 ug/1mL) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (200 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (10 ug/1mL) + Choline bitartrate (200 mg/1mL) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (20.1 mg/1mL) + Inulin (500 mg/1mL) + Levomefolate calcium (1000 ug/1mL) + Mecobalamin (2.4 ug/1mL) + Nicotinamide (8 mg/1mL) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1.7 mg/1mL) + Riboflavin (1.3 mg/1mL) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.2 mg/1mL) + Vitamin A acetate (900 ug/1mL) + Zinc picolinate (2 mg/1mL) Liquid Oral PureTek Corporation 2023-12-15 Not applicable US Livita Children Magnesium citrate (33.33 mg/1mL) + Ascorbic acid (66.67 mg/1mL) + Biotin (10 ug/1mL) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (66.67 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (3.33 ug/1mL) + Choline bitartrate (66.67 mg/1mL) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 mg/1mL) + Inulin (166.67 mg/1mL) + Levomefolate calcium (333 ug/1mL) + Mecobalamin (0.8 ug/1mL) + Nicotinamide (2.67 mg/1mL) + Calcium pantothenate (1.67 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.57 mg/1mL) + Riboflavin (0.43 mg/1mL) + Thiamine mononitrate (0.4 mg/1mL) + Vitamin A acetate (300 ug/1mL) + Zinc picolinate (0.67 mg/1mL) Liquid Oral PureTek Corporation 2023-12-18 Not applicable US PCP 100 Kit Magnesium citrate (1.745 g/29.6mL) + Bisacodyl (5 mg/1) + Metoclopramide hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Petrolatum (0.76 g/1g) + Polyethylene glycol (17 g/17g) Kit Oral Asclemed Usa, Inc. 2014-01-02 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- B05CB03 — Magnesium citrate
- B05CB — Salt solutions
- B05C — IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS
- B05 — BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS
- B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS
- A12CC — Magnesium
- A12C — OTHER MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
- A12 — MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Acids, Acyclic
- Agents that produce neuromuscular block (indirect)
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Blood and Blood Forming Organs
- Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
- Citrates
- Drugs for Constipation
- Gastrointestinal Agents
- Irrigating Solutions
- Laxatives
- Laxatives, magnesium containing
- Magnesium Compounds
- Metal cations
- Metal divalent cations
- Mineral Supplements
- Osmotic Laxatives
- Salt Solutions
- Tricarboxylic Acids
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Tertiary alcohols / Carboxylic acid salts / Carboxylic acids / Organic salts / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid salt / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organic salt / Organooxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- RHO26O1T9V
- CAS number
- 3344-18-1
- InChI Key
- PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H
- InChI
- InChI=1S/2C6H8O7.3Mg/c2*7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h2*13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6
- IUPAC Name
- trimagnesium(2+) bis(2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate)
- SMILES
- [Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
References
- General References
- Walker AF, Marakis G, Christie S, Byng M: Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study. Magnes Res. 2003 Sep;16(3):183-91. [Article]
- Rylander R, Megevand Y, Lasserre B, Amstutz W, Granbom S: Moderate alcohol consumption and urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2001;61(5):401-5. [Article]
- Nielsen SP: Free and protein-bound magnesium in normal human plasma determined by ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1969 May;23(3):219-25. [Article]
- Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M: Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb;5(Suppl 1):i3-i14. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr163. [Article]
- Kim D. and Pickhardt P. (2010). CT Colonography. Elsevier.
- Health Canada [Link]
- FDA Inactive ingredient search [Link]
- Dailymed [Link]
- Supplements manufacturer [Link]
- Magnesium citrate [File]
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 6099959
- PubChem Substance
- 347827901
- ChemSpider
- 2925651
- 52356
- ChEBI
- 131391
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL3989480
- Wikipedia
- Magnesium_citrate_(3:2)
- MSDS
- Download (231 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) / Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) / Diuretics Drug Reactions 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Patients Undergoing Elective Colonoscopy 1 4 Completed Not Available Bowel preparation therapy / Colonoscopy 1 4 Completed Treatment Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy 1 4 Completed Treatment Colon Cleansing 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral Powder Oral Solution Topical 1.745 g/1mL Liquid Oral Liquid Oral 1.745 g/29.61mL Solution Oral 1.745 g/29.61mL Powder, for solution Oral 16 g/16g Powder, for solution Oral Capsule Oral 250 mg Liquid Oral 1.745 g/29.6mL Liquid Oral 2.62 g/100mL Liquid Oral 2.65 mg/100mL Solution Oral 0.059 g/1mL Capsule Oral 100 mg Capsule Oral 90 mg / cap Capsule Oral 150 mg Tablet Oral 300 mg Solution Oral 1.745 g/29.6mL Liquid Oral 2.65 g/100mL Liquid Oral 1.75 g / 100 mL Powder, for solution Oral 17 g/17g Lozenge Oral 610 mg Lozenge Oral 610.09 mg Granule, for solution Oral 300 mg Powder, for solution Oral 400 mg Tablet Oral 200 mg Tablet, film coated Oral Kit Oral Powder, for solution Oral 17 g/100g Powder, for solution Oral Tablet Oral Kit Oral; Rectal - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 184 ºC 'MSDS' water solubility Partially soluble in cold water 'MSDS' - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 6.34 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.08 ALOGPS logP -1.3 Chemaxon logS -1.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.05 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.2 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 7 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 140.62 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 10 Chemaxon Refractivity 68.14 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 14.25 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at February 19, 2024 14:23